THE EFFECT OF STRESS AND ADRENALECTOMY ON THE RESPONSE TO DICUMAROL IN RATS

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Mogenson ◽  
L. M. Fisher ◽  
L. B. Jaques
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Prothrombin Time ◽  
Dose Level ◽  
Ether Anesthesia ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Tail Vein ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Dose Levels ◽  
Adrenalectomized Rats

The prothrombin time was followed in a large number of rats receiving daily doses of dicumarol. Prothrombin times, using the Schwager–Jaques method, were determined on blood samples obtained from the tail vein. It was found that rats, like rabbits, showed a wide variation in their response to dicumarol at dose levels of 10 and 20 mg./kg. body weight per day but, unlike rabbits, they seemed to develop a tolerance to the drug. This began after a peak prothrombin time was reached and occurred later in rats having a higher prothrombin time, or receiving the higher dose of the drug. Stress, in the form of electroshock or sound-induced seizures, increased the variability of the prothrombin time and significantly increased the mean values with 20 mg./kg. dicumarol. These changes persisted in some rats for at least 48 hours. They were prevented by ether anesthesia. Adrenalectomized rats fed dicumarol showed a marked increase in prothrombin time, did not develop tolerance to the drug after a few days, and died of hemorrhage. An analysis of blood samples obtained by cardiac puncture from adrenalectomized, sham-operated, and normal rats fed dicumarol at a dose level of 10 mg./kg. body weight for 5 days showed that values for the Quick one-stage prothrombin times of the adrenalectomized group were elevated significantly above those of the sham-operated and normal groups. No significant differences, however, were noted in the values for the two-stage tests for prothrombin, hematocrit, or plasma dicumarol levels of these animals.

THE EFFECT OF STRESS AND ADRENALECTOMY ON THE RESPONSE TO DICUMAROL IN RATS

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-62
Author(s):  
G. J. Mogenson ◽  
L. M. Fisher ◽  
L. B. Jaques
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Prothrombin Time ◽  
Dose Level ◽  
Ether Anesthesia ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Tail Vein ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Dose Levels ◽  
Adrenalectomized Rats

The prothrombin time was followed in a large number of rats receiving daily doses of dicumarol. Prothrombin times, using the Schwager–Jaques method, were determined on blood samples obtained from the tail vein. It was found that rats, like rabbits, showed a wide variation in their response to dicumarol at dose levels of 10 and 20 mg./kg. body weight per day but, unlike rabbits, they seemed to develop a tolerance to the drug. This began after a peak prothrombin time was reached and occurred later in rats having a higher prothrombin time, or receiving the higher dose of the drug. Stress, in the form of electroshock or sound-induced seizures, increased the variability of the prothrombin time and significantly increased the mean values with 20 mg./kg. dicumarol. These changes persisted in some rats for at least 48 hours. They were prevented by ether anesthesia. Adrenalectomized rats fed dicumarol showed a marked increase in prothrombin time, did not develop tolerance to the drug after a few days, and died of hemorrhage. An analysis of blood samples obtained by cardiac puncture from adrenalectomized, sham-operated, and normal rats fed dicumarol at a dose level of 10 mg./kg. body weight for 5 days showed that values for the Quick one-stage prothrombin times of the adrenalectomized group were elevated significantly above those of the sham-operated and normal groups. No significant differences, however, were noted in the values for the two-stage tests for prothrombin, hematocrit, or plasma dicumarol levels of these animals.

EFFECT OF OESTRONE-PELLET IMPLANTATION ON PLASMA LEVELS OF PROLACTIN

1970 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. van der Gugten ◽  
M. Sala ◽  
H. G. Kwa
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Dose Levels ◽  
Higher Doses ◽  
Primary Break

ABSTRACT Eight female and eight male rats were castrated at the age of 8 to 10 weeks. Four spayed and four orchidectomized rats received one oestrone/cholesterol pellet (200 μg oestrone) on the day of operation (day 0), a second pellet on day 11 and a third on day 23. The remaining animals received four oestrone/cholesterol pellets at these times. The fluctuations in the prolactin levels in the circulation induced by the oestrogen challenges in these animals were followed during 31 days by radioimmunoassays performed on days 3, 7, 9, 14, 15, 17, 23, 24, 25, 28 and 31. The results suggested that the homoeostatic mechanism regulating plasma levels of prolactin was capable of withstanding the three time-spaced oestrogen challenges only in the spayed animals receiving the lower doses of oestrogen, since it allowed the mean values of the prolactin levels to remain fairly constant during the first 4 weeks. The levels in this group rose to much higher levels only on day 31. The higher doses of oestrone in the spayed rats and both dose levels of oestrone in the orchidectomized animals apparently resulted in a primary break-down of the homoeostatic mechanism, since the prolactin levels in the animals of these groups rose to much higher levels either on day 7 or on day 9. This was followed by a period during which the prolactin levels appeared to be more or less under control, until a second and probably definitive failure of the homoeostatic mechanism allowed the mean levels to rise sharply again.

Association of Retained Fetal Membranes with Haematological Profile in Crossbred Cows

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Rokde ◽  
S. Kumar ◽  
A. Bhardwaz ◽  
S. S. Mahour ◽  
S. P. Nema ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eosinophil Count ◽  
Jugular Vein ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Fetal Membranes ◽  
Monocyte Count ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Crossbred Cows ◽  
Haematological Profile ◽  
The Mean

This study was carried out on clinical cases of retained fetal membranes in crossbred cows presented at College Clinics and College dairy farm and from Villages in and around Mhow. The blood samples were collected from jugular vein just before 12 hr. postpartum and on 7th day postpartum. Haematological profile revealed that the mean values of haemoglobin, neutrophil and monocyte count after 12 hrs and 7th day postpartum were significantly lower and lymphocyte count was significantly higher in RFM cows (n=18) than normally calved cows (n=6). The differences in mean TLC, eosinophil and basophil counts were non-significant at 12 hrs postpartum, however on 7th day postpartum the TLC and eosinophil count were significantly higher and basophil count was non-significantly different in RFM cows than the normally calved cows.

scholarly journals Metabolic evaluation of Crioulo horses participating in competitions of 750 km

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (12) ◽  
pp. 1471-1477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorena Alvariza Amaral ◽  
Millie Marchiori ◽  
Charles Ferreira Martins ◽  
Marcio Nunes Correa ◽  
Carlos Eduardo Wayne Nogueira
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Process ◽  
Ionized Calcium ◽  
Metabolic Responses ◽  
Total Calcium ◽  
Blood Cell Count ◽  
Metabolic Evaluation ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean

The Crioulo breed of horses performs in one of the most physically demanding equestrian competitions, the Marcha de Resistência, which is a contest in which the horses run 750 km in 15 days. The study's aim was to characterize the metabolic responses during this period. We evaluated eleven Crioulo horses in the competition, specifically, two males and nine females. Blood samples were collected 24 hours before the contest and on the 4th, 9th, 11th, 14th and 15th days of competition. We evaluated CK, AST, LDH, glucose, lactate, urea, creatinine, sodium, potassium, chloride, magnesium, total calcium, ionized calcium, total protein, hematocrit and the white blood cell count. At the end of the competition, the mean values of serum AST were 1151±358 IU/ L the mean LDH values were 7418±1695 IU/L and CK was 13,867±3998UI /L. There was a significant increase in urea, creatinine and lactate (p<0.0001). A decrease in the mean values of chloride, sodium, potassium, and total and ionized calcium was observed (p≤0.0002). An evaluation of the total leukocytes and segmented neutrophils (p≤0.0002) revealed their increased values, and decreased values were observed for hematocrit, plasma protein and total lymphocytes (p≤0.0003). The values of glucose, on average, remained constant. Based on these data, we conclude that the Marcha de Resistência competition necessitated a high muscular demand and the depletion of energy and electrolytes, suggesting an inflammatory process in the animals evaluated.

scholarly journals The early changes in retinol-binding protein and prealbumin concentrations in plasma of protein–energy malnourished children after treatment with retinol and an improved diet

1980 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne Large ◽  
G. Neal ◽  
J. Glover ◽  
O. Thanangkul ◽  
R. E. Olson
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Plasma Proteins ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Retinol Binding Protein ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean

1. Changes in total retinol-binding protein (RBP), the holoprotein (holoRBP) and prealbumin (PA) concentrations have been monitored in plasma of thirty protein- and vitamin A-deficient preschool children from within a few hours up to 7 weeks after treatment with retinol and a good-quality protein diet.2. The children were classified into groups according to nutritional status as having either kwashiorkor, marasmus-kwashiorkor or marasmus, and given formula diets whose protein and energy contents increased stepwise from 1 g and 105 kJ/kg body-weight respectively up to 4 g and 733 kJ/kg body-weight after 4 weeks. Retinol was administered in the forms of retinyl palmitate either orally or intramuscularly.3. PA and total RBP were determined by electroimmunoassay procedures and the holoRBP by its fluorescence after separation from other plasma proteins.4. RBP in plasma of the vitamin A-deficient child is largely denatured and incapable of binding administered retinol, which must first be taken up by the liver before native holoRBP is released. An increased pool of native apoprotein accumulates in the liver during vitamin A deficiency which is released into plasma quickly after retinol uptake to form peak concentrations of total and holoRBP approximately 3 h after dosing intramuscularly and 6 h orally.5. The accumulated pool of RBP was highest in livers from the marasmus group and lowest in those from the kwashiorkor group, reflecting their relative capacities to synthesize plasma proteins.6. The mean plasma concentrations of total and holoRBP for the various groups were minimal 24–48 h after dosing with retinol and then improved almost linearly over the following week.7. Mean plasma PA concentrations of the various groups on admission were also in order of the severity of their malnutrition. There was little or no change in this protein concentration over the first 24 h after dosing with retinol, but thereafter the mean values rose almost linearly over 2 weeks. Albumin on the other hand changed little during the first week. The results show that PA is the more sensitive measurement of protein nutritional status.

Effects of a Pneumatic Tube System on Routine and Novel Hematology and Coagulation Parameters in Healthy Volunteers

2007 ◽  
Vol 131 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-296
Author(s):  
Alexander Kratz ◽  
Raneem O. Salem ◽  
Elizabeth M. Van Cott
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Prothrombin Time ◽  
Partial Thromboplastin Time ◽  
Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time ◽  
Tube System ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Pneumatic Tube ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Pneumatic Tube System

Abstract Context.—Technologic advances affecting analyzers used in clinical laboratories have changed the methods used to obtain many laboratory measurements, and many novel parameters are now available. The effects of specimen transport through a pneumatic tube system on laboratory results obtained with such modern instruments are unclear. Objective.—To determine the effects of sample transport through a pneumatic tube system on routine and novel hematology and coagulation parameters obtained on state-of-the-art analyzers. Design.—Paired blood samples from 33 healthy volunteers were either hand delivered to the clinical laboratory or transported through a pneumatic tube system. Results.—No statistically significant differences were observed for routine complete blood cell count and white cell differential parameters or markers of platelet activation, such as the mean platelet component, or of red cell fragmentation. When 2 donors who reported aspirin intake were excluded from the analysis, there was a statistically, but not clinically, significant impact of transport through the pneumatic tube system on the mean platelet component. There were no statistically significant differences for prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, waveform slopes for prothrombin time or activated partial thromboplastin time, fibrinogen, or fibrin monomers. Conclusions.—Although further study regarding the mean platelet component may be required, transport through a pneumatic tube system has no clinically significant effect on hematology and coagulation results obtained with certain modern instruments in blood samples from healthy volunteers.

Association of Inflammation With Markers of Atherogenicity in Subjects With New-Onset Atria Fibrillation in a Nigerian Community

2019 ◽  
Vol 152 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S80-S80
Author(s):  
Constance Nwadike ◽  
Amarachi Nwakamma ◽  
Harrison Nwanjo ◽  
Denis Nwosu ◽  
Roy Ezekwe
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Prothrombin Time ◽  
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate ◽  
Sedimentation Rate ◽  
Serum Lipids ◽  
High Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Erythrocyte Sedimentation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
New Onset

Abstract Objectives The evidence supporting the role of circulating markers of inflammation in the pathogenesis of atria fibrillation remains controversial. This study investigated the levels of serum lipids, C-reactive proteins, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, prothrombin time, and platelet count in subjects with new-onset atria fibrillation (NAF), but with no established cardiac disease, in a Nigerian community. Methods The case control study involved a total of 200 subjects: 110 subjects with NAF and 90 apparently healthy subjects without AF, as control. AF was confirmed by a 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG), while excluding subjects with high risk. Blood samples from the subjects were analyzed for the following parameters: C-reactive proteins using ELISA method and serum lipids using an enzymatic, colorimetric method; erythrocyte sedimentation rate, by Westergreen method; platelet count using a Midray hematology auto analyzer; and the prothrombin time using a tissue thromboplastin method. Data collected from the result were analyzed using SPSS version 15. Results There was a significant increase in the levels of C-reactive proteins and ESR in subjects with NAF when compared with the control subjects. A significant increase was observed in the mean values of total cholesterol and low-density lipoproteins in subjects with NAF, while that of high-density lipoproteins was lower in NAF than in controls. There was no significant difference in the mean values of triglyceride in NAF and the control. Results also showed significantly reduced prothrombin time, with more platelet count in subjects with NAF. The result demonstrated that females (56.3%) had greater risk of developing AF than males (45.8%), while incidence of AF was observed to increase with age. Conclusion The results of the markers assayed suggest marked dyslipidemia, inflammation, and thrombogenesis in subjects with new-onset AF. Hence dyslipidemia and inflammation play critical roles in the pathogenesis of atria fibrillation.

Hypothermia in the Rat, Hamster, Ground Squirrel and Pigeon Following Chlorpromazine

1958 ◽  
Vol 193 (3) ◽  
pp. 547-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Hoffman ◽  
M. X. Zarrow
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Sex Difference ◽  
Dose Level ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Ground Squirrel ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Dose Levels

Body temperature changes induced by two dose levels of chlorpromazine HCl were compared in the rat, hamster, ground squirrel and pigeon. In addition, the effect of cold exposure was determined in the hamster. All three mammalian species showed a rapid decline in temperature by the first 2 hours following the injection of 10 mg/kg body weight of chlorpromazine, after which a gradual return toward normal was evident. However, a further decrease in body temperature occurred at the higher dose level of chlorpromazine (100 mg/kg body weight) and the degree of hypothermia varied with the species. The hamster appeared to be the most resistant to this compound while the ground squirrel was the least resistant. The female of the three mammalian species was less susceptible than the male. The combination of cold exposure and chlorpromazine in the hamster produced a decline in body temperature that was greater than that produced by either stressor alone. Again a sex difference was noted. The pigeon failed to respond to the drug in any degree comparable to that seen in the mammals. This was thought to be due to the lack of effect on respiration, an important thermoregulatory mechanism in the bird.

Interference of Plasma Fluorophores on the Red Blood Cell Zinc Protoporphyrin : Haemoglobin Ratio as Determined on a Haematofluorimeter

1989 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 368-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
P C Bartels ◽  
P W Helleman ◽  
J B J Soons
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cells ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Isotonic Saline ◽  
Zinc Protoporphyrin ◽  
Reference Ranges ◽  
Reference Groups ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Good Relationship ◽  
The Mean

Direct measurement of the zinc protoporphyrin:haemoglobin ratio (ZPP: Hb ratio) in blood samples is performed by using a haematofluorimeter. Interference by non-specific fluorophores can be eliminated by removing the plasma and making the measurement on washed red blood cells (RBCs). After re-suspending RBCs in isotonic saline, haematofluorimeter readings for the ZPP: Hb ratios revealed higher stability in the course of time whereas a good relationship was found with results obtained by application of an extraction method. Separate reference ranges were established for adult male and female subjects. After washing, the mean values calculated for ZPP: Hb ratios of subjects belonging to the reference groups demonstrated a reduction of 0·04 μmol ZPP mol Hb, corresponding with approximately 30%. In the patients' group, application of washing resulted in a variable decrease of ZPP: Hb ratios.

HOURLY FLUCTUATIONS IN THE BLOOD LEVELS OF MELATONIN, PROLACTIN, LUTEINIZING HORMONE, FOLLICLE-STIMULATING HORMONE, TESTOSTERONE, TRI-IODOTHYRONINE, THYROXINE AND CORTISOL IN RAMS UNDER ARTIFICIAL PHOTOPERIODS, AND THE EFFECTS OF CRANIAL SYMPATHECTOMY

1982 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. LINCOLN ◽  
O. F. X. ALMEIDA ◽  
H. KLANDORF ◽  
R. A. CUNNINGHAM
Keyword(s):  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Change In The Mean ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cervical Ganglia ◽  
Short Days

Eight adult Soay rams (four control and four cranially sympathectomized by removal of the superior cervical ganglia) were exposed to alternating 16-week periods of short days of 8 h light: 16 h darkness (8L : 16D) and long days (16L : 8D) for more than 3 years, and the changes in the diameter of the testes were recorded. Once during short days and once during long days blood samples were collected hourly for 28 h, and the concentrations of melatonin, prolactin, FSH, LH, testosterone, tri-iodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4) and cortisol were measured by radioimmunoassay. In the control rams the testes were reduced in size during long days compared to short days, and the blood concentrations (24-h mean values) of FSH, LH and testosterone were decreased. The levels of prolactin were much increased, while there was no significant change in the mean levels of melatonin, T3, T4 and cortisol. During both photoperiods there was considerable hour-to-hour variation in all eight hormones indicative of episodic secretion, as well as a consistent variation related to the time of day which was most pronounced for melatonin and T3. There was a clear difference in the daily profile of plasma melatonin levels between short and long days. In the superior cervical ganglionectomized rams there were no significant changes in the size of the testes or in the hormone titres between short and long days. Compared to the controls the plasma levels of LH, FSH, testosterone and prolactin were in the intermediate range. Some consistent diurnal variation was evident in the levels of all the hormones measured, with a pattern similar to the controls for a few of the hormones (e.g. T3) but quite different for others (e.g. melatonin).

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