MAMMARY GROWTH AND FUNCTION AND PITUITARY PROLACTIN SECRETION IN FEMALE NUDE MICE

1977 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 794-802 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Nagasawa ◽  
Reiko Yanai
Keyword(s):  
Nude Mice ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Growth Stimulation ◽  
Prolactin Secretion ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
Female Nude ◽  
Structural Growth ◽  
And Function ◽  
Pituitary Prolactin

ABSTRACT Mammary structural growth in the wholemount preparation, content and synthesis of mammary DNA and RNA estimated by the incorporation of [3H]thymidine and [14C]uridine, pituitary and plasma levels of prolactin and weights and histological structures of some organs of female nude mice (nu/nu) were compared to those of the control (nu/+) with the same genetical background (BALB/c). Both at 3 months of age and on day 1 of lactation, the weights per 100 g body weight of adrenals, spleen and liver of nu/nu mice were significantly higher than those of nu/+ mice. Mammary growth stimulation by pituitary graft was much more marked in nu/nu mice than in nu/+ mice. Slight differences between groups were found in the pituitary and plasma levels of prolactin, in the histological structures of ovaries as well as of the adrenals and thyroids and in the pattern of oestrous cycles. On the other hand, the content and synthesis of mammary DNA at 3 months of age and content and synthesis of both DNA and RNA and RNA/DNA ratio on day 1 of lactation were significantly higher in nu/+ mice than in nu/nu mice. All findings suggest that thymus deficient immunosuppression has deleterious effects on mammary growth and function without its alteration in the secretion of prolactin and oestrogen and probably through its decrease in mammary responsiveness to mammotrophins.

MAMMARY NUCLEIC ACIDS AND PITUITARY PROLACTIN SECRETION DURING PROLONGED LACTATION IN MICE

1976 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. NAGASAWA ◽  
R. YANAI
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Rna Synthesis ◽  
Prolactin Secretion ◽  
Nucleic Acid Content ◽  
Plasma Prolactin ◽  
Litter Weight ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
Pituitary Prolactin

SUMMARY Lactation was prolonged until 61 days by repeated renewal of litters every week after day 12 in primiparous C3H/He strain mice. On days 12, 19, 40 and 61 of lactation, litters were removed for 5 h and after 1 h of resuckling the synthesis of DNA and RNA in the mammary gland was estimated by the incorporation of [3H]thymidine and [14C]uridine into mammary DNA and RNA in vitro respectively. Mammary nucleic acid content and pituitary and plasma levels of prolactin were also assayed. Nulliparous mice were similarly treated on day 19 of pregnancy. The percentage gain in litter weight per week was highest between days 5 and 12 of lactation, declined until days 26–33 and became steady thereafter. Mammary DNA synthesis was extremely high on day 19 of pregnancy, decreased on day 12 of lactation to less than one-fifteenth of that on day 19 of pregnancy and increased linearly thereafter. Changes in mammary DNA content were not so marked, but DNA content was high on days 12 and 19 of lactation. RNA synthesis was highest on day 19 of pregnancy, abruptly decreased on days 12 and 19 of lactation and increased again with the advance of lactation. Mammary RNA content, RNA:DNA and 14C:3H ratios increased from day 19 of pregnancy to days 12–19 of lactation and decreased on days 40 and 61. While the pituitary levels of prolactin were almost constant during lactation, they were significantly higher than those on day 19 of pregnancy. There were only slight differences in plasma prolactin levels at any stage.

Inhibition by early treatment with bromocriptine of spontaneous mammary tumour development in rats with no side-effects

1982 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Nagasawa ◽  
S. Morii
Keyword(s):  
Later Life ◽  
Mammary Glands ◽  
Prolactin Secretion ◽  
Mammary Tumour ◽  
Tumour Development ◽  
One Year ◽  
And Function ◽  
Pituitary Prolactin ◽  
Temporary Inhibition ◽  
Marked Suppression

Abstract. Temporary inhibition by CB-154 (bromocriptine) of pituitary prolactin secretion, which induced a decline in mammary gland DNA synthesis for 4–11 weeks of age, resulted in a marked suppression of spontaneous mammary tumour development in rats after one year of age. The treatment had no effect on reproduction and subsequent lactation immediately after the CB-154 injection or growth and function of the mammary glands and pituitary prolactin secretion in later life.

EFFECTS OF ADRENALECTOMY AND/OR DEFICIENCY OF PITUITARY PROLACTIN SECRETION ON INITIATION AND MAINTENANCE OF LACTATION IN MICE

1973 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
HIROSHI NAGASAWA ◽  
REIKO YANAI
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Potent Inhibitor ◽  
Prolactin Secretion ◽  
Nucleic Acid Content ◽  
Maternal Behaviour ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Pituitary Prolactin ◽  
Duration Of Pregnancy ◽  
Average Body

SUMMARY In order to examine the effects of deficiency of adrenal corticosteroids and/or prolactin on the initiation and maintenance of lactation in mice, C3H/He female mice were adrenalectomized and/or implanted during days 13–15 of pregnancy with a pellet of 2-bromo-α-ergocryptine (EC), a potent inhibitor of pituitary prolactin secretion. Average body weights of the young and mammary contents of DNA and RNA were determined on days 0 (day of parturition) and 10 of lactation. On day 0, no differences in these parameters were found among groups, and plenty of milk was present in the stomachs of the young. Furthermore, the treatments did not affect the duration of pregnancy, the number of still-born young or the maternal behaviour at parturition. All young in the group adrenalectomized and implanted with EC died by day 2. Adrenalectomy or implantation of EC retarded the growth of young after day 2 and decreased markedly the mammary nucleic acid content on day 10. These results strongly suggest that adrenal corticosteroids and prolactin play minor roles in the initiation of lactation at parturition, while they are indispensable for the maintenance of lactation in mice.

Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) of DNA and RNA

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 34-35
Author(s):  
Patricia G. Arscott ◽  
Gil Lee ◽  
Victor A. Bloomfield ◽  
D. Fennell Evans
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structures ◽  
Inorganic Materials ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Scanning Tunneling ◽  
Tunneling Microscopy ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
Calf Thymus ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Relationship

STM is one of the most promising techniques available for visualizing the fine details of biomolecular structure. It has been used to map the surface topography of inorganic materials in atomic dimensions, and thus has the resolving power not only to determine the conformation of small molecules but to distinguish site-specific features within a molecule. That level of detail is of critical importance in understanding the relationship between form and function in biological systems. The size, shape, and accessibility of molecular structures can be determined much more accurately by STM than by electron microscopy since no staining, shadowing or labeling with heavy metals is required, and there is no exposure to damaging radiation by electrons. Crystallography and most other physical techniques do not give information about individual molecules.We have obtained striking images of DNA and RNA, using calf thymus DNA and two synthetic polynucleotides, poly(dG-me5dC)·poly(dG-me5dC) and poly(rA)·poly(rU).

Platelet Suruival and Function in Rats with Enhanced Thrombotic Tendency

1985 ◽  
Vol 54 (04) ◽  
pp. 739-743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federica Delaini ◽  
Elisabetta Dejana ◽  
Ine Reyers ◽  
Elisa Vicenzi ◽  
Germana De Bellis Vitti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Nephrotic Syndrome ◽  
Platelet Function ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Thrombus Formation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mean Survival Time ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Function ◽  
Thrombotic Tendency

SummaryWe have investigated the relevance of some laboratory tests of platelet function in predicting conditions of thrombotic tendency. For this purpose, we studied platelet survival, platelet aggregation in response to different stimuli, TxB2 and 6-keto-PGFlα production in serum of rats bearing a nephrotic syndrome induced by adriamycin. These animals show a heavy predisposition to the development of both arterial and venous thrombosis. The mean survival time was normal in nephrotic rats in comparison to controls. As to aggregation tests, a lower aggregating response was found in ADR-treated rats using ADP or collagen as stimulating agents. With arachidonic acid (AA) we observed similar aggregating responses at lower A A concentrations, whereas at higher AA concentrations a significantly lower response was found in nephrotic rats, despite their higher TxB2 production. Also TxB2 and 6-keto-PGFlα levels in serum of nephrotic rats were significantly higher than in controls. No consistent differences were found in PGI2-activity generated by vessels of control or nephrotic rats.These data show that platelet function may appear normal or even impaired in rats with a markedly increased thrombotic tendency. On the other hand, the significance of high TxB2 levels in connection with mechanisms leading to thrombus formation remains a controversial issue.

scholarly journals Relationship between the Geotourism Potential and Function in the Polish Part of the Roztocze Transboundary Biosphere Reserve

Geosciences ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 120
Author(s):  
Teresa Brzezińska-Wójcik
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
The Other ◽  
Partial Indices ◽  
Function Index ◽  
Intensive Exploitation ◽  
Potential Indicator ◽  
Current Product ◽  
And Function ◽  
Further Development

The Polish part of the Roztocze Transboundary Biosphere Reserve area is characterized by diversified geotourism resources with relatively high value. However, their potential seems not to be fully used in the current product offer. The aim of the study was therefore to assess the spatial variability of the geotourism potential and function and to determine their interrelations in view of further development of geotourism in the Roztocze TBR and the perspective of creation of the “Kamienny Las na Roztoczu” geopark. The study was carried out with the use of the taxonomic method of multidimensional comparative analysis consisting of calculation and analysis of general, total, and partial indices of the geotourism potential and function in 22 communes. The results showed the highest total indicator of geotourism potential in two communes, i.e. Józefów and Krasnobród, and the highest value of the total geotourism function index in Krasnobród. The results of the analysis of the relationships between the geotourism potential and function indicate that the geotourism resources and products are fully used in terms of the development of the function only in Krasnobród commune. In turn, the value of the total geotourism function index in the Zwierzyniec commune exceeds the geotourism potential indicator, which implies that this area is overloaded by tourist movement. The total indicators of geotourism potential in the other communes, especially Józefów, Krasnobród, Lubycza Królewska, and Susiec, indicate the possibility of more intensive exploitation of geotourism resources in preparation of interesting products in compliance with the principles of sustainable development and, consequently, the development of the geotourism function.

THE EFFECT OF EXOGENOUS PROGESTAGEN ON THE LEVELS OF FREE OESTROGEN IN THE OVARIAN VEIN PLASMA OF THE EWE

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 485-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. SMITH ◽  
T. J. ROBINSON
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Similar Pattern ◽  
Peak Level ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ovarian Vein ◽  
Active Ovary ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Significant Change

SUMMARY The levels of free oestrogen (oestrone and oestradiol-17β) in plasma in the ovarian vein were determined in three groups, each of 27 ewes, at nine intervals at about the time of oestrus. One group had a normal oestrus while the other two had been treated for 16 days with intravaginal sponges containing either 10 or 30 mg of a synthetic progestagen (Cronolone, Searle). In untreated ewes, the mean level (corrected) of oestradiol-17β in plasma from the active ovary rose from 25·3 ng/100 ml at −48 h to a peak of 91·6 ng/100 ml at 0 h (onset of oestrus) and then fell. There was evidence of biphasic production. The mean level of oestrone was relatively high (13·0 ng/100 ml) at −48 h; it fell to 2·0 ng/100 ml between −36 and −24 h and then rose again to 9·4 ng/100 ml at + 12 h. There was no significant change, with time, in the plasma levels of either oestrogen from the non-active ovary. The total amounts of oestradiol-17β and of oestrone produced from both ovaries at an oestrous period were estimated to average 9·7 and 2·4 μg. In treated ewes, a similar pattern of production of oestradiol-17β was shown by the ewes treated with 30 mg Cronolone. That of ewes treated with 10 mg differed (P < 0·01). Peak level was reached at an earlier stage, relative to the onset of oestrus, and it declined more rapidly, the total amount of oestrogen produced (oestrone + oestradiol-17β) was less (10 mg Cronolone, 8·6 μg; 30 mg Cronolone, 12·1 μg; normal oestrus, 12·1 μg), and there was no biphasic production.

scholarly journals Estrogen-related Receptor β (ERRβ) – Renaissance Receptor or Receptor Renaissance?

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. nrs.14002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shailaja D. Divekar ◽  
Deanna M. Tiek ◽  
Aileen Fernandez ◽  
Rebecca B. Riggins
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Splicing ◽  
Nuclear Receptor ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
The Other ◽  
Orphan Nuclear Receptor ◽  
Nuclear Receptor Superfamily ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Estrogen Related Receptor

Estrogen-related receptors (ERRs) are founding members of the orphan nuclear receptor (ONR) subgroup of the nuclear receptor superfamily. Twenty-seven years of study have yet to identify cognate ligands for the ERRs, though they have firmly placed ERRα (ESRRA) and ERRγ (ESRRG) at the intersection of cellular metabolism and oncogenesis. The pace of discovery for novel functions of ERRβ (ESRRB), however, has until recently been somewhat slower than that of its family members. ERRβ has also been largely ignored in summaries and perspectives of the ONR literature. Here, we provide an overview of established and emerging knowledge of ERRβ in mouse, man, and other species, highlighting unique aspects of ERRβ biology that set it apart from the other two estrogen-related receptors, with a focus on the impact of alternative splicing on the structure and function of this receptor.

Ecstasy (MDMA) mimics the post-orgasmic state: Impairment of sexual drive and function during acute MDMA-effects may be due to increased prolactin secretion

2005 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 899-903 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torsten Passie ◽  
Uwe Hartmann ◽  
Udo Schneider ◽  
Hinderk M. Emrich ◽  
Tillmann H.C. Krüger
Keyword(s):  
Prolactin Secretion ◽  
Sexual Drive ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals Sec1p Binds to SNARE Complexes and Concentrates at Sites of Secretion

1999 ◽  
Vol 146 (2) ◽  
pp. 333-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chavela M. Carr ◽  
Eric Grote ◽  
Mary Munson ◽  
Frederick M. Hughson ◽  
Peter J. Novick
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Snare Complex ◽  
The Other ◽  
Complex Assembly ◽  
Vesicle Docking ◽  
Neuronal Protein ◽  
The Core ◽  
Target Membrane ◽  
Green Fluorescent ◽  
And Function

Proteins of the Sec1 family have been shown to interact with target-membrane t-SNAREs that are homologous to the neuronal protein syntaxin. We demonstrate that yeast Sec1p coprecipitates not only the syntaxin homologue Ssop, but also the other two exocytic SNAREs (Sec9p and Sncp) in amounts and in proportions characteristic of SNARE complexes in yeast lysates. The interaction between Sec1p and Ssop is limited by the abundance of SNARE complexes present in sec mutants that are defective in either SNARE complex assembly or disassembly. Furthermore, the localization of green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged Sec1p coincides with sites of vesicle docking and fusion where SNARE complexes are believed to assemble and function. The proposal that SNARE complexes act as receptors for Sec1p is supported by the mislocalization of GFP-Sec1p in a mutant defective for SNARE complex assembly and by the robust localization of GFP-Sec1p in a mutant that fails to disassemble SNARE complexes. The results presented here place yeast Sec1p at the core of the exocytic fusion machinery, bound to SNARE complexes and localized to sites of secretion.

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