Selenium deficiency as a possible factor in the pathogenesis of myxoedematous endemic cretinism

1987 ◽  
Vol 114 (4) ◽  
pp. 497-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Goyens ◽  
J. Golstein ◽  
B. Nsombola ◽  
H. Vis ◽  
J. E. Dumont
Keyword(s):  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Oxygen Toxicity ◽  
Selenium Deficiency ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Serum Selenium ◽  
Endemic Cretinism ◽  
Plasma Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Plasma Glutathione ◽  
Low Selenium

Abstract. Myxoedematous endemic cretinism is prevalent in African goitre endemies. It has been related to a thyroid 'exhaustion' atrophy occurring near birth. It is proposed that this might result from the low resistance of a fragile tissue to enhanced H2O2 generation under intense thyroid stimulation by thyrotropin. In support of this hypothesis, low selenium and glutathione peroxidase serum levels have been found in the African endemic area of the Idjwi Island (Kivu, Zaire). Serum selenium and plasma glutathione peroxidase were lower in the area of high endemicity of goitre and cretinism (Northern part of the Island). However, only the former difference is statistically significant. These data thus suggest a role of oligoelements and oxygen toxicity in the pathogenesis of endemic cretinism.

scholarly journals Effect of vitamin E- and selenium-deficiency on rat liver chemiluminescence

1987 ◽  
Vol 242 (2) ◽  
pp. 383-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
C G Fraga ◽  
R F Arias ◽  
S F Llesuy ◽  
O R Koch ◽  
A Boveris
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Selenium Deficiency ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Hepatic Necrosis ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Control Value ◽  
Weanling Rats

The role of vitamin E and selenium as protective agents against oxidative stress was evaluated by measuring liver chemiluminescence in situ. Weanling rats fed a vitamin E- and selenium-deficient diet showed liver chemiluminescence that was increased 60 and 100% over control values at 16 and 18 days respectively after weaning. At day 21, the double deficiency led to hepatic necrosis, as observed by optical and electron microscopy, and increased serum levels of lactate dehydrogenase and alanine aminotransferase. Single deficiencies, in either vitamin E or selenium, did not produce liver necrosis but increased liver chemiluminescence. Vitamin E deficiency led to a 23 and 50% increase in liver emission at days 18 and 20 respectively; selenium deficiency produced a 64% increase at day 16. The activity of liver selenium-glutathione peroxidase diminished to 13% of the control value in the rats fed doubly deficient and selenium-deficient diets. Activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and non-selenium-glutathione peroxidase were not modified by the different diets. These results suggest that oxy-radical generation may play a major role in hepatic necrosis in vitamin E- and selenium-deficiency.

Selenium Serum Concentrations in Malnourished Ecuadorian Children: A Case-Control Study

2003 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sempértegui ◽  
Estrella ◽  
Vallejo ◽  
Tapia ◽  
Herrera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Selenium Deficiency ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Serum Selenium ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Malnourished Children ◽  
Low Selenium ◽  
Weight For Age

Little is known about the selenium status of children living in the Andean regions of South America, which commonly have volcanic soil with low selenium content. Human selenium deficiency has been hypothesized to have a negative impact on immune function and to increase the risk of infection. The objective of this study was to evaluate the serum selenium concentrations of severely malnourished children living in urban and rural Andean Ecuador, and to compare them to a control group of normally nourished children from the same communities. Forty-three children, aged six to 36 months, with marasmus or kwashiorkor and 30 control children were enrolled from July to November 1993 in Quito, Ecuador. Serum selenium concentrations were lower in the children with marasmus (0.91 ± 0.28 muM/L, n = 21) and kwashiorkor (0.37 ± 0.15 muM/L, n = 22) than in those who were normally nourished (1.77 ± 0.75 muM/L, n = 30; p < 0.001 for each difference). The serum selenium concentrations in children with kwashiorkor were significantly lower than those in children with marasmus (p < 0.001). All 22 of the children with kwashiorkor, 15 of the 21 children with marasmus, and five of the 30 normal children had serum levels < 1.08 muM/L (8.5 mug/dL) (chi2 = 38.4, p < 0.00000001). In the Andean regions of Ecuador, selenium deficiency is prevalent in children with protein and caloric deficiency. Furthermore, 17% of Ecuadorian children with normal weight-for age-Z score are selenium-deficient.

scholarly journals Sulforaphane Attenuates Gentamicin-Induced Nephrotoxicity: Role of Mitochondrial Protection

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Negrette-Guzmán ◽  
Sara Huerta-Yepez ◽  
Omar Noel Medina-Campos ◽  
Zyanya Lucía Zatarain-Barrón ◽  
Rogelio Hernández-Pando ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Nitrosative Stress ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Caspase 9 ◽  
Plasma Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Plasma Glutathione ◽  
Cytoprotective Enzymes ◽  
Death And Loss

Sulforaphane (SFN), an isothiocyanate naturally occurring in Cruciferae, induces cytoprotection in several tissues. Its protective effect has been associated with its ability to induce cytoprotective enzymes through an Nrf2-dependent pathway. Gentamicin (GM) is a widely used antibiotic; nephrotoxicity is the main side effect of this compound. In this study, it was investigated if SFN is able to induce protection against GM-induced nephropathy both in renal epithelial LLC-PK1 cells in culture and in rats. SFN prevented GM-induced death and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential in LLC-PK1 cells. In addition, it attenuated GM-induced renal injury (proteinuria, increases in serum creatinine, in blood urea nitrogen, and in urinary excretion on N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase, and decrease in creatinine clearance and in plasma glutathione peroxidase activity) and necrosis and apoptosis in rats. The apoptotic death was associated with enhanced active caspase-9. Caspase-8 was unchanged in all the studied groups. In addition, SFN was able to prevent GM-induced protein nitration and decrease in the activity of antioxidant enzymes catalase and glutathione peroxidase in renal cortex. In conclusion, the protective effect of SFN against GM-induced acute kidney injury could be associated with the preservation in mitochondrial function that would prevent the intrinsic apoptosis and nitrosative stress.

scholarly journals Role of Promoter Polymorphisms in the Plasma Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx-3) Gene as a Risk Factor for Cerebral Venous Thrombosis

Stroke ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Voetsch ◽  
Richard C. Jin ◽  
Charlene Bierl ◽  
Leonardo Deus-Silva ◽  
Erica C.S. Camargo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Cerebral Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Promoter Polymorphisms ◽  
Plasma Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Plasma Glutathione

Mechanism of plasma glutathione peroxidase production in bovine adipocytes

2006 ◽  
Vol 326 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadashi Yamasaki ◽  
Koji Tahara ◽  
Shoichi Takano ◽  
Miho Inoue-Murayama ◽  
Michael T. Rose ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Plasma Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Plasma Glutathione ◽  
Bovine Adipocytes

scholarly journals Selenium deficiency and HIV infection

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Di Bella ◽  
Elisabetta Grilli ◽  
Maria Adriana Cataldo ◽  
Nicola Petrosillo
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Selenium Deficiency ◽  
Selenium Supplementation ◽  
Economic Resources ◽  
Common Finding ◽  
Hiv Viral Load ◽  
Conflicting Evidence ◽  
Low Selenium

Selenium is a non-metallic chemical element of great important to human health. Low selenium levels in humans are associated with several pathological conditions and are a common finding in HIV infected individuals. We conducted a review of the literature to assess if selenium deficiency or selenium supplementation could play a role in modifying the clinical course of HIV disease. Several studies investigated the role of selenium in disease progression, morbidity and mortality in HIV infected individuals. Larger studies were conducted in countries with poor economic resources and limited access to HAART. According to the majority of published studies low selenium levels appear to have an association with mortality, and selenium supplementation appears to play a beneficial role on survival or on slowing disease progression among HIV infected individuals. The role of selenium supplementation on preventing hospital admission among HIV outpatients was also noticed. The literature suggests an association between selenium deficiency and development of HIV associated cardiomyopathy and furthermore, selenium supplementation appears to improve the cardiac function in HIV infected individuals with cardiomyopathy. However, there is conflicting evidence regarding the role selenium in modifying HIV viral load and immune status in HIV infection.

scholarly journals The role of selenium and vitamin E in a Transylvanian enzootic equine recurrent rhabdomyolysis syndrome

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Csaba Attila Kósa ◽  
Krisztina Nagy ◽  
Ottó Szenci ◽  
Boglárka Baska-Vincze ◽  
Emese Andrásofszky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Selenium Deficiency ◽  
Selenium Concentration ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Serum Selenium ◽  
Muscle Enzymes ◽  
Affected Area ◽  
Recurrent Rhabdomyolysis

Abstract A severe form of recurrent exertional rhabdomyolysis occurs enzootically in a well-defined region of Transylvania, Harghita county. At the highest lying two settlements (more than 800 m above sea level), the prevalence of equine rhabdomyolysis is between 17 and 23%, while in the neighbouring villages in the valley it is less than 2%. The objective of our study was to clarify the role of selenium and vitamin E in the high prevalence of rhabdomyolysis in that region. Soil and hay samples were collected from each area to evaluate mineral content. Ten horses from the non-affected and 20 horses from the affected area were tested for serum selenium, vitamin E, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), muscle enzymes, lactate and electrolytes. Hay samples collected from the affected area had lower selenium content. Horses in the affected regions had significantly lower serum selenium (P = 0.006) and GSH-Px levels than animals living in the non-affected regions. A good correlation between erythrocyte GSH-Px and serum selenium concentration could be demonstrated (r = 0.777, P < 0.001). Serum vitamin E levels were low independently of the origin of the horse. Based on our results, selenium deficiency possibly has a role in the Transylvanian enzootic equine recurrent rhabdomyolysis syndrome.

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