EFFECT OF THYROIDECTOMY AND THYROXINE ON THE MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES OF WOUNDS AND SKIN

1960 ◽  
Vol XXXIV (III) ◽  
pp. 407-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Moltke ◽  
lb Lorenzen
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Normal Skin ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Skin Wounds ◽  
Rapid Synthesis ◽  
Acid Mucopolysaccharides ◽  
And Control ◽  
Hexosamine Content

ABSTRACT The incorporation of 35S sulphate and the total content of hexosamine in skin wounds was determined in thyroidectomized, normal, and thyroxine-treated guinea pigs. Seven days after the production of the wounds, all three groups showed an increase in the 35S incorporation and in the hexosamine content as compared with normal skin. While the relative incorporation of 35S sulphate was most intense among thyroidectomized guinea pigs, the three groups showed no difference in the content of hexosamine. Thyroidectomy induced a more rapid synthesis of sulphated mucopolysaccharide than that observed in the thyroxine-treated and control guinea pigs, whereas the total content of acid mucopolysaccharides in the wound tissues was not affected by either thyroidectomy or thyroxine.

STUDIES ON THE TURN-OVER OF SIMULTANEOUSLY INJECTED GUINEA-PIG ALBUMIN-125I AND THYROXINE-131I IN SKIN, WOUNDS AND LIVER OF GUINEA PIGS

1964 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 402-408
Author(s):  
Erik Moltke ◽  
Hans Funch-Rosenberg ◽  
Heinz J. M. Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Normal Skin ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Skin Wounds ◽  
High Uptake ◽  
Albumin Ratio ◽  
Albumin Content ◽  
Turn Over ◽  
Very High

ABSTRACT The distribution of simultaneously injected 125I-labelled guinea-pig albumin and 131I-labelled thyroxine in the skin, skin-wounds and liver of guinea-pigs has been investigated. In the plasma albumin was retained in larger amounts than thyroxine but the activities decreased from 2–24 hours after the injection (h. p. i.) at exactly the same rate. In the liver the uptake of thyroxine was considerably higher than that of albumin, but both decreased at the same rate as in the plasma. In the skin thyroxine was also taken up in relatively larger amounts than albumin at 2 and 6 h. p. i.; thyroxine decreased at the same rate as in the plasma, while the uptake of albumin increased. In 7-day wounds the thyroxine content was only a little higher than in normal skin at 2 h. p. i. while the albumin content had markedly increased; thyroxine decreased and albumin increased at the same rates as in skin. Fresh wounds showed a very high uptake of both albumin and thyroxine with no decrease from 2–24 h. p. i.; the relation between the amounts was close to – but significantly different from – that seen in plasma. The results clearly indicate that albumin and thyroxine move quite independently of each other in skin, old skin-wounds and liver. In fresh wounds, however, there is a constant thyroxine-albumin ratio during the experimental period.

THE HEXOSAMINE CONTENT OF THE ORBIT IN RELATION TO ANTI-THYROTROPHIN ANTIBODY TITRES IN SERA OF THYROTROPHIN-TREATED RABBITS WITH AND WITHOUT CORTISONE ADMINISTRATION

1962 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 474-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Otto Wegelius ◽  
E. J. Jokinen
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Antibody Formation ◽  
Direct Proof ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Extraocular Muscles ◽  
Concomitant Treatment ◽  
Antibody Titres ◽  
Hexosamine Content ◽  
Synergetic Action

ABSTRACT In all previous investigations on experimental exophthalmos, heterologous thyrotrophic pituitary extracts have been used. These protein hormones stimulate antihormone formation in the test animals. Cortisone has been reported to effectively block antibody formation. In addition, it has been shown to potentiate TSH-induced exophthalmos in guinea-pigs. With rabbits as test animals, the hexosamine content of the orbital tissues was determined and used as an index of exophthalmos development and at the same time the antibody titres in the sera were followed. TSH injections for six weeks led to a highly significant accumulation of hexosamine in the retrobulbar connective tissue and in the extraocular muscles, i. e. an increase of up to 400% as compared with the control animals. At the same time a significant rise in antihormonal titres was detectable in the sera. Concomitant treatment with cortisone brought about an equal or higher accumulation of hexosamine but significantly lower antibody titres. The known opposite peripheral actions of TSH and cortisone can be reconciled with the synergy in producing experimental exophthalmos by attributing the synergetic action of cortisone to the blocking of antihormone formation. If less antihormones are produced, the effect of TSH is enhanced. Our experiments do not provide direct proof for this hypothesis. High hexosamine values in the orbit and low antihormone titres in the serum are, however, concomitant phenomena.

scholarly journals INFECTION OF GUINEA PIGS BY APPLICATION OF VIRUS OF LYMPHOCYTIC CHORIOMENINGITIS TO THEIR NORMAL SKINS

1940 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 331-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard J. Shaughnessy ◽  
Joseph Zichis
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Normal Skin ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis ◽  
Cross Infection ◽  
Virus Suspension ◽  
Intact Skin

As shown in Table I, 97 guinea pigs were used in this study. Fifty-seven were exposed by placing a virus suspension on their normal skins. Of this number, 34 had screw-top capsules attached to them. Thirteen were exposed by spreading the virus suspension on their feed and cage litter. Ten were inoculated intracerebrally to establish the potency of the virus. The remaining 17 were not exposed artificially to the virus and were employed as controls to detect cross infection. Twenty-two guinea pigs, to which capsules were attached, died as a result of virus infection; 1 died of unknown causes and 11 survived without showing any clinical signs of the infection. Sixteen of the animals without the capsules died of virus infection and 7 did not become infected. The 10 guinea pigs that were inoculated intracerebrally became infected and died. None of the animals that were exposed by spreading the virus on the feed and the litter in the cages, or those used as unexposed controls, developed any clinical signs of infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis. It is realized that minute abrasions, not visible with a hand lens, may have been present in the skins of these guinea pigs. However, any condition of this nature would be a factor encountered in any normal skin. In view of these facts, it is believed that these results indicate that the virus of lymphocytic choriomeningitis may infect guinea pigs through the normal, apparently intact, skin.

Tachykinins mediate bronchoconstriction elicited by isocapnic hyperpnea in guinea pigs

1989 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 1108-1112 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Ray ◽  
C. Hernandez ◽  
A. R. Leff ◽  
J. M. Drazen ◽  
J. Solway
Keyword(s):  
Tidal Volume ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Minute Ventilation ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Mechanically Ventilated ◽  
Stimulus Response ◽  
Respiratory System Resistance ◽  
Water Saturated ◽  
And Control ◽  
Isocapnic Hyperpnea

We tested the hypothesis that tachykinins mediate hyperpnea-induced bronchoconstriction (HIB) in 28 guinea pigs. Stimulus-response curves to increasing minute ventilation with dry gas were generated in animals depleted of tachykinins by capsaicin pretreatment and in animals pretreated with phosphoramidon, a neutral metalloendopeptidase inhibitor. Sixteen anesthetized guinea pigs received capsaicin (50 mg/kg sc) after aminophylline (10 mg/kg ip) and terbutaline (0.1 mg/kg sc). An additional 12 animals received saline (1 ml sc) instead of capsaicin. One week later, all animals were anesthetized, given propranolol (1 mg/kg iv), and mechanically ventilated (6 ml/kg, 60 breaths/min, 50% O2 in air fully water saturated). Phosphoramidon (0.5 mg iv) was administered to five of the noncapsaicin-treated guinea pigs. Eucapnic dry gas (95% O2–5% CO2) hyperpnea “challenges” were performed by increasing the tidal volume (2–6 ml) and frequency (150 breaths/min) for 5 min. Capsaicin-pretreated animals showed marked attenuation in HIB, with a rightward shift of the stimulus-response curve compared with controls; the estimated tidal volume required to elicit a twofold increase in respiratory system resistance (ES200) was 5.0 ml for capsaicin-pretreated animals vs. 3.7 ml for controls (P less than 0.03). Phosphoramidon-treated animals were more reactive to dry gas hyperpnea compared with control (ES200 = 2.6 ml; P less than 0.0001). Methacholine dose-response curves (10(-11) to 10(-7) mol iv) obtained at the conclusion of the experiments were similar among capsaicin, phosphoramidon, and control groups. These findings implicate tachykinin release as an important mechanism of HIB in guinea pigs.

Contractile dysfunction of atrial myocardium from endotoxin-shocked guinea pigs

1981 ◽  
Vol 240 (6) ◽  
pp. H954-H962 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Parker ◽  
H. R. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Heart Muscle ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Endotoxin Shock ◽  
Disease State ◽  
Channel Blockers ◽  
Inotropic Effects ◽  
Cardiac Depression ◽  
Increased Sensitivity ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
And Control

Atrial muscle isolated from guinea pigs subjected to Escherichia coli endotoxin shock was used to study the myocardial changes associated with this experimental disease state. Isometric contractile tension and its first derivative (dT/dt) consistently were depressed by about 45% in muscle from the shock group (P less than 0.001), but contraction time intervals of the shock tissues were not significantly altered. The inotropic deficit of shock was completely antagonized by high concentrations of Ca2+ (greater than 4.5 mM). However, the maximal positive inotropic response to increased frequency of stimulation (0.1-2.2 Hz) only partially antagonized shock-induced cardiac depression. Heart muscle from shocked animals exhibited increased sensitivity to the negative inotropic effects of Mn2+, low Ca2+, and gentamicin; recovery from the depressant actions of these agents was prolonged 3.6- to 4.8-fold in shock. However, the negative inotropic potency of slow Ca2+ channel blockers, D 600 and nifedipine, was unaffected by shock. Similarly, studies with an isoproterenol-activated slow Ca2+ channel technique demonstrated equivalent inotropic responses of shock and control heart muscle. Present data provide evidence for a disruption of myocardial Ca2+ metabolism associated with endotoxin-induced inotropic depression of the heart but suggest that slow Ca2+ channels of the sarcolemma remain functional in this disease state.

Endotoxin-induced contractile dysfunction in guinea pig hearts is not mediated by nitric oxide

1995 ◽  
Vol 268 (6) ◽  
pp. H2460-H2465 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. K. Decking ◽  
C. W. Flesche ◽  
A. Godecke ◽  
J. Schrader
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Left Ventricular Pressure ◽  
Creatine Phosphate ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Energy Status ◽  
Cardiac Depression ◽  
Organ Removal ◽  
And Control

The decreased contraction amplitude of isolated cardiac myocytes from guinea pigs exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was reported to be partially reversed by nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) [Brady, et al., Am. J. Physiol. 263 (Heart Circ. Physiol. 32): H1963-H1966, 1992]. We have tested the potential involvement of NO formation in LPS-induced cardiac depression in the intact heart. Isolated perfused hearts of LPS-treated guinea pigs (4 mg/kg 4 h before organ removal) displayed a greatly decreased left ventricular pressure (LVP) when compared with untreated controls (48 +/- 11 vs. 93 +/- 18 mmHg, n = 6 hearts each), whereas heart rate and coronary flow were similar. Perfusion of LPS-treated hearts with L-NMMA or L-NAME (100 microM each) at constant flow did not increase LVP (50 +/- 14 and 44 +/- 11, respectively, vs. 52 +/- 14 mmHg). However, coronary resistance increased significantly. There was no difference between LPS-treated and control hearts in venous adenosine release (104 +/- 58 vs. 133 +/- 86 pmol.min-1.g-1). Measurement of the activities of the induced (iNOS) and constitutive forms of NOS revealed that there was no difference in total NOS activity (237 +/- 82 vs. 181 +/- 97 fmol.min-1.mg protein-1. There was no measurable induction of iNOS in the LPS-treated hearts either. Finally, cardiac energy status was studied by 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. There was no difference between LPS-treated and control hearts in myocardial ATP, creatine phosphate, pH, and free ADP (59 +/- 20 vs. 50 +/- 27 microM).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Brain Stimulation and Control of Behavior

1965 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 257-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter C. Wolff
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Studies ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Intracranial Stimulation ◽  
Conventional Methods ◽  
And Control

Current longitudinal studies on rats, hamsters, and guinea pigs suggest that intracranial stimulation can be used to train animals to discriminate, fight, and vocalize. Because of the unique reinforcing properties of ICS, organisms not readily reinforced by conventional methods can be trained.

scholarly journals EFFECTIVENESS OF KATUK LEAVES ETHANOL EXTRACT AMOUNT OF OSTEOBLAST AND OSTEOCLAST ON ALVEOLAR BONE IN ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT Research On Alveolar Bone Of Guinea Pigs

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (Volume 1 No 1) ◽  
pp. 38-48
Author(s):  
Hillda Herawati ◽  
Fahrauk Paramayudh ◽  
Rudi Satria Darwis ◽  
Sarah Syarifah
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Bone Remodelling Process ◽  
Treatment Research ◽  
And Control

The optimal achievement of orthodontic treatment is determined by a bone remodelling process involving osteoblast, osteoclasts, and the estrogen hormone. Estrogen deficiency can increase osteoclast age and decrease osteoblast, resulting in an imbalance between osteoclasts and osteoblasts. One natural alternative that can replace the role of the hormone estrogen is phytoestrogens. Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr (katuk) is a phytoestrogen that contains isoflavones with many similarities with estrogens. This research aims to determine the effectiveness of the various doses of ethanol extract of katuk leaves orally on the number of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. This research was conducted using experimental laboratory methods using 24 female Guinea pigs divided into a control group and three groups with various doses of 39.15 mg/BW, 78.3 mg/BW, and 156.5 mg/BW. The observations made in this test were the number of osteoblasts and osteoclasts on the alveolar guinea pig on day 14 and analysed using the one way ANOVA test (p <0.05). All guinea pigs have applied a rubber separator to the left incisor and given a dose according to the group, and after 14th days, histological preparations were made. The results showed that the highest number of osteoblasts was at a dose of 78.3 mg/BW, and the lowest number of osteoclasts was at a dose of 39.15 mg/BW with values of 15.03 ± 2.27 and 1.73 ± 0.56, respectively. Statistically, the number of osteoblasts between the treatment and control groups significantly differed (p = 0.04), while the number of osteoclasts between the treatment and control groups had no significant difference (p = 0.228). This study concludes that katuk leaves extract has effectiveness in increasing the number of osteoblasts in orthodontic treatment, while the decrease in osteoclasts is not statistically proven.

Toluene diisocyanate-induced airway hyperreactivity in guinea pigs depleted of granulocytes

1988 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 1773-1778 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Cibulas ◽  
S. M. Brooks ◽  
C. G. Murlas ◽  
M. L. Miller ◽  
R. T. McKay
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Bronchial Hyperreactivity ◽  
Airway Hyperreactivity ◽  
Toluene Diisocyanate ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Airway Reactivity ◽  
Cyclophosphamide Treatment ◽  
Tracheal Tissue ◽  
Unanesthetized Animals ◽  
And Control

The influence of cyclophosphamide-induced granulocyte depletion on toluene diisocyanate (TDI)-related changes in airway reactivity and pathology was assessed in guinea pigs. Twelve cyclophosphamide-treated and 12 control animals comprising each group were studied physiologically before and 2 h after a single 10-min exposure to 3 ppm of TDI. Reactivity was determined in intact unanesthetized animals by measuring specific airway conductance before and during intravenous acetylcholine infusion. After testing, tracheal tissue for light microscopic examination was obtained from three hyperreactive guinea pigs in each exposed group and compared with tissue from treated and control animals (n = 3 each) that had not been TDI exposed. Cyclophosphamide treatment caused substantial decreases in both circulating and airway granulocyte counts. However, the incidence and degree of bronchial hyperreactivity that occurred 2 h post-TDI was similar in the untreated and treated groups. Our results indicate that TDI-induced bronchial hyperreactivity 1) occurs shortly after a brief high concentration exposure and 2) appears independent of circulating or airway granulocyte counts.

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