STUDY OF A LARGE STEROID SPECTRUM IN NORMAL SUBJECTS AND HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS

1960 ◽  
Vol XXXV (III) ◽  
pp. 413-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques Genest ◽  
Erich Koiw ◽  
Wojciech Nowaczynski ◽  
Thomas Sandor
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Intravenous Infusion ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Extensive Study ◽  
Malignant Hypertension ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Normotensive Subjects ◽  
Made In

ABSTRACT An extensive study made in 110 normal subjects and hypertensive patients has shown a statistically significant 2-fold mean increase in urinary aldosterone excretion and a statistically significant mean decrease in urinary pregnanetriol and in pregnanetriol/aldosterone ratio from groups of patients with essential, renal and malignant hypertension as compared to that of normal subjects. No significant difference was found in cortisone, cortisol and their tetrahydro derivatives, aetiocholanolone and the tetrahydro derivative of 17,21-dihydroxy-pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione excretion of hypertensive patients as compared to normotensive subjects. In four healthy volunteers, intravenous infusion of angiotensin was followed by a 2 to 10-fold increase in urinary aldosterone excretion.

URINARY EXCRETION OF Δ5-PREGNENE-3β,17α,20α-TRIOL IN NORMAL SUBJECTS AND HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 547-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wojciech Nowaczynski ◽  
Erich koiw ◽  
Jacques Genest
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Malignant Hypertension ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Made In

A study of urinary excretion of Δ5-pregnenetriol was made in normal subjects and hypertensive patients. Using a procedure previously described by us, the mean excretion of this steroid showed a statistically significant (P < 0.001) mean decrease in groups of patients with essential, renal, and malignant hypertension as compared to normal subjects.

Intralymphocytic Sodium in Hypertensive Patients: A Significant Correlation

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (s5) ◽  
pp. 325s-327s ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Ambrosioni ◽  
F. Tartagni ◽  
L. Montebugnoli ◽  
B. Magnani
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mean Blood Pressure ◽  
Normal Blood ◽  
Normal Blood Pressure ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Normotensive Subjects

1. Intralymphocytic sodium concentration was measured in 50 patients with essential stable hypertension, 44 patients with labile hypertension and 40 subjects with normal blood pressure. 2. Intralymphocytic sodium concentration in normotensive subjects was significantly lower than in the other two groups. 3. The concentration was significantly correlated with mean blood pressure in the group as a whole and in the groups with stable and with labile hypertension. No correlation was found in normal subjects.

Recovery of 13C in Breath from Infused NaH13CO3 Increases During Euglycaemic Hyperinsulinaemia

1994 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 415-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Reaich ◽  
K. A. Graham ◽  
B. G. Cooper ◽  
C. M. Scrimgeour ◽  
T. H. J. Goodship
Keyword(s):  
Potato Starch ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Substrate Oxidation ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Constant Infusion ◽  
The Third ◽  
Hyperinsulinaemic Clamp ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Euglycaemic Hyperinsulinaemic Clamp ◽  
Made In

1. The effect of euglycaemic hyperinsulinaemia on the recovery of 13C in expired CO2 has been assessed in six normal subjects. Each was studied on three occasions: once with a 6 h primed constant infusion of NaH13CO3 combined with a euglycaemic hyperinsulinaemic clamp for the last 3 h (study 1), once with a 6h primed constant infusion of NaH13CO3 alone (study 2) and once with a 6 h infusion of normal saline combined with a hyperinsulinaemic clamp for the last 3 h (study 3). Measurements of 13C enrichment of expired CO2 were made in the third and sixth hour of each infusion. 2. There was no significant increase in enrichment during study 3 (3 h 0.00047 ± 0.00016 versus 6 h 0.00069 ± 0.00028 atom per cent excess) with potato-starch-derived D-glucose used to maintain eugly-caemia. 13C recovery increased in the sixth hour of both study 1 and 2 (study 1: 3 h 74.4 ± 2.0 versus 6 h 85.5 ± 2.6%, P < 0.01; study 2: 3 h 72.1 ± 2.4 versus 6 h 81.7 ± 1.4%, P < 0.01). There was no significant difference in recovery between studies 1 and 2. 3. These results suggest that increased recovery during a sequential euglycaemic clamp is predominantly time-dependent. Studies which use this technique to examine the effect of insulin on substrate oxidation should take this into account.

Platelet Norepinephrine Fluxes In Normotensive Subjects And Essential Hypertensive Patients

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Legrand ◽  
V Dubernard ◽  
P Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Blood Platelets ◽  
Sympathetic Neurons ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Normotensive Subjects ◽  
Intracellular Metabolism ◽  
Hypertensive Diseases ◽  
And Storage

Disturbed neuronal metabolism and storage of monoamines has been described in various experimental and human hypertensive diseases. Since blood platelets are considered as valid models of sympathetic neurons, the uptake and release of [3H] norepinephrine (NE) was investigated in platelets isolated from normal subjects and from patients having essential hypertension. In addition, the intracellular metabolism of [3H] -NE was followed by high performance liquid chromatography.In basal conditions, NE was found to be slowly incorporated into the platelets and approximately 25% of the absorbed radioactivity was recovered as a sulfoconjugate metabolite which is thought to represent the cytoplasmic form of the monoamine. The uptake of NE was inhibited by drugs known to interfere with the platelet serotonin accumulation at the plasma membrane level (chlorimipramine, ouabain) or at the vesicular storage level (tyramine, reserpine). In addition, drugs which impair the intravesicular storage of monoamines leading to their accumulation in the cytoplasm, induced a marked increase in platelet NE metabolism and release.The uptake of norepinephrine was slightly reduced in platelets from essential hypertensive patients. A marked increase in spontaneous NE release was measured in correlation with increased intracellular NE metabolism. The results are compatible with impaired intravesicular storage of the monoamine leading to increased diffusion through the plasma membrane.

Relationship of arterial compliance to baroreflex function in hypertensive patients

1993 ◽  
Vol 265 (1) ◽  
pp. H232-H237 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. G. Lage ◽  
J. F. Polak ◽  
D. H. O'Leary ◽  
M. A. Creager
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Compliance ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Arterial Baroreflex ◽  
Arterial Diameter ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Baroreflex Function ◽  
Normotensive Subjects ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Carotid Arterial

The objectives of this study were to determine whether carotid arterial compliance is reduced in patients with hypertension and to assess whether reduced arterial compliance is related to abnormal arterial baroreflex function. Accordingly, concurrent measurements of carotid arterial diameter (via computerized high resolution B-mode ultrasonography) and blood pressure were made to determine carotid arterial compliance in 23 normotensive and 16 age-matched hypertensive patients. In addition, arterial baroreflex function was assessed in 12 of the normal subjects and nine of the hypertensive patients by measuring the infusions of nitroprusside and phenylephrine. Compared with the normotensive subjects, the patients with hypertension had reduced compliance (5.9 +/- 0.7 vs. 16.6 +/- 1.8 10(-7) m2/kPa, mean +/- SE, P < 0.001). The baroreflex slope relating the change in R-R interval to the change in systolic blood pressure during the drug infusions was less in the hypertensive than normotensive subjects (12.3 +/- 2 vs. 18.9 +/- 2 ms/mmHg, P < 0.05). Consequently, when both normotensive and hypertensive subjects were considered, there was a significant correlation between the baroreflex slope and compliance (r = 0.53, P < 0.05). However, there was no correlation between the baroreflex slope and compliance within either the normotensive group (r = 0.04, P = NS) or the hypertensive group (r = 0.43, P = NS) when analyzed separately. There was a significant correlation between age and compliance (r = -0.48, P < 0.01) but not between age and baroreflex function.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Sympathetic Responsiveness to Head-Up Tilt in Essential Hypertension

1973 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Esler ◽  
P. J. Nestel
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Creatinine Clearance ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Head Up Tilt ◽  
Normotensive Subjects ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Urinary Noradrenaline

1. The effect of 25° head-up tilt on blood pressure, urinary catecholamines, and creatinine clearance has been studied in untreated essential hypertensive patients and normotensive subjects. 2. The mean rise in diastolic pressure for all subjects with hypertension was 4.9 mmHg which did not differ significantly from the mean rise of 5.4 mmHg in the normal subjects. Ten of forty-one hypertensives had a diastolic pressure response greater than the response in any of eleven normal subjects, with a rise of greater than 10 mmHg. 3. The increase in urinary noradrenaline excretion with tilt was greater in these orthostatic hypertensive patients (1.74 μg/h) than in either the remaining hypertensive (0.34 μg/h) or the normotensive subjects (0.56 μg/h). Overall there was a significant correlation between changes in diastolic blood pressure and urinary noradrenaline. 4. Creatinine clearance was reduced by tilting. The mean reduction was similar for normally reacting hypertensive and normotensive subjects (6.0% and 7.2% respectively). The ten orthostatic hypertensive patients, however, had a greater reduction in creatinine clearance (23.4%), and in the hypertensive group as a whole changes in diastolic blood pressure and creatinine clearance were negatively correlated. 5. Those patients with excessive response to tilt tended to be young, not obese, and with recent onset of hypertension when documentation of this was adequate.

Auditory Selective Attention in Cerebral-Palsied Individuals

1985 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 260-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee Ann Laraway
Keyword(s):  
Selective Attention ◽  
White Noise ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Auditory Selective Attention ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
Significant Difference

The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is a statistically significant difference between the auditory selective attention abilities of normal and cerebral-palsied individuals. Twenty-three cerebral-palsied and 23 normal subjects between the ages of 5 and 21 were asked to repeat a series of 30 items consisting of from 2 to 4 digits in the presence of intermittent white noise. Results of the study indicate that cerebral-palsied individuals perform significantly poorer than normal individuals when the stimulus is accompanied by noise. Noise was not a significant factor in the performance of the normal subjects regardless of age.

A Specific Immunologic Assay for Functional Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 in Plasma – Standardized Measurements of the Inhibitor and Related Parameters in Patients with Venous Thromboembolic Disease

1992 ◽  
Vol 68 (05) ◽  
pp. 486-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malou Philips ◽  
Anne-Grethe Juul ◽  
Johan Selmer ◽  
Bent Lind ◽  
Sixtus Thorsen
Keyword(s):  
Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Tissue Type ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 ◽  
Type Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Activator Inhibitor ◽  
Pai 1

SummaryA new assay for functional plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) in plasma was developed. The assay is based on the quantitative conversion of PAI-1 to urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA)-PAI-l complex the concentration of which is then determined by an ELISA employing monoclonal anti-PAI-1 as catching antibody and monoclonal anti-u-PA as detecting antibody. The assay exhibits high sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and precision. The level of functional PAI-1, tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) activity and t-PA-PAI-1 complex was measured in normal subjects and in patients with venous thromboembolism in a silent phase. Blood collection procedures and calibration of the respective assays were rigorously standardized. It was found that the patients had a decreased fibrinolytic capacity. This could be ascribed to high plasma levels of PAI-1. The release of t-PA during venous occlusion of an arm for 10 min expressed as the increase in t-PA + t-PA-PAI-1 complex exhibited great variation and no significant difference could be demonstrated between the patients with a thrombotic tendency and the normal subjects.

Comparative Plasma Heparin Levels after Subcutaneous Sodium and Calcium Heparin

1978 ◽  
Vol 40 (02) ◽  
pp. 397-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joyce Low ◽  
J C Biggs
Keyword(s):  
Peak Plasma ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Factor Xa ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Sodium Salts ◽  
Sodium Heparin ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Heparin Plasma ◽  
Calcium Heparin ◽  
Plasma Heparin

SummaryComparative plasma heparin levels were measured in normal subjects injected subcutaneously with 5,000 units of the sodium and calcium salts of heparin. Plasma heparin levels were measured up to 7 hr post-injection by an anti-factor Xa assay (Denson and Bonnar 1973). Preliminary studies indicated that heparin levels were reproducible in subjects who received two injections of the same heparin. Peak plasma concentrations (Cmax) and the time at which peak concentration was reached (Tmax) varied greatly from subject to subject. In one group of subjects (15) two commonly used heparins, a sodium heparin (Evans) and a calcium heparin (Choay) were compared. Peak heparin concentrations were not significantly different. However the Tmax for the sodium heparin (1.5 hr) was significantly earlier than the Tmax for the calcium heparin (3 hr) and this was not due to a difference in the volume of the two heparin injections. No significant difference could be detected in the plasma clearance rate and the molecular weight distribution of the two heparins.In two other groups of subjects, sodium and calcium preparations from two manufacturers were compared. In general, the sodium salts gave rise to significantly higher plasma concentrations, which could be interpreted as a greater bioavailability of sodium salts. These results indicate that the salt of the heparin can influence the plasma concentration achieved after subcutaneous injection.

A COMPARISON OF TWO METHODS FOR MEASUREMENT OF ALDOSTERONE SECRETION RATE IN MAN

1966 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Lund-Johansen ◽  
T. Thorsen ◽  
K. F. Støa
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Secretion Rate ◽  
Aldosterone Secretion ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Derivative Method ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACT A comparison has been made between (A), a relatively simple method for the measurement of aldosterone secretion rate, based on paper chromatography and direct densitometry of the aldosterone spot and (B) a more elaborate isotope derivative method. The mean secretion rate in 9 normal subjects was 112 ± 26 μg per 24 hours (method A) and 135 ± 35 μg per 24 hours (method B). The »secretion rate« in one adrenalectomized subject after the intravenous injection of 250 μg of aldosterone was 230 μg per 24 hours (method A) and 294 μg per 24 hours (method B). There was no significant difference in the mean values, and correlation between the two methods was good (r = 0.80). It is concluded that the densitometric method is suitable for clinical purposes as well as research, being more rapid and less expensive than the isotope derivative method. Method A also measures the urinary excretion of the aldosterone 3-oxo-conjugate, which is of interest in many pathological conditions. The densitometric method is obviously the less sensitive and a prerequisite for its use is an aldosterone secretion of 20—30 μg per 24 hours. Lower values are, however, rare in adults.

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