scholarly journals Association of the components of metabolic syndrome with the circulating levels of cytokine clusters in young women

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingrong Tan ◽  
Wenjing Hu ◽  
Shan Yang ◽  
Han Dai ◽  
Shangcheng Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Euglycemic Hyperinsulinemic Clamp ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Healthy Women ◽  
Circulating Levels

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between circulating zinc α 2-glycoprotein (ZAG), Irisin, betatrophin and adiponectin concentrations and metabolic syndrome (MetS) components and to analyze the effects of blood glucose and insulin on these cytokine concentrations in vivo. Methods: A total of 196 young women, including 78 healthy women and 118 women with MetS components, were recruited for this cross-sectional study. An oral glucose tolerance test and euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp (EHC) were performed in healthy subjects and women with MetS components. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit was used to measure serum ZAG, irisin, betatrophin, and adiponectin levels, and their relationship with the MetS components was analyzed. Results: In women with MetS components, circulating irisin and betatrophin levels were significantly higher than those in the healthy women, but circulating ZAG and adiponectin levels were significantly lower . FBG, WC, and Triglyceride were significantly correlated with the circulating levels of these four cytokines (p < 0.001 or < 0.05). All four cytokines were associated with MetS and its components. In response to increasing insulin levels, circulating ZAG concentrations were markedly increased in both healthy subjects and women with MetS components during the EHC. However, serum irisin, betatrophin, and adiponectin levels in both healthy subjects and women with MetS components were significantly reduced compared with baseline. Conclusion: Serum ZAG, Irisin, betatrophin and adiponectin were associated with MetS and might be biomarkers for screening MetS components.

scholarly journals High Circulating Alarin Levels Are Associated with Presence of Metabolic Syndrome

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 2041-2051 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xia Fang ◽  
Tingran Zhang ◽  
Mengliu Yang ◽  
Ling Li ◽  
Cheng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Treadmill Exercise ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Euglycemic Hyperinsulinemic Clamp ◽  
Glucose Challenge ◽  
Relationship Of

Background/Aims: Alarin has been reported to be related with increased food intake and body weight. The relationship of circulating Alarin with insulin resistance or metabolic syndrome (MetS), however, is unknown. This study aimed to investigate the physiological role of Alarin and its association with MetS in humans. Methods: Newly diagnosed MetS patients (n=237) and age-matched healthy subjects (n=192) were recruited for this study. Oral glucose tolerance test, treadmill exercise, lipid infusions and euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp (EHCs) were performed. Circulating Alarin and TNFα levels were measured by ELISA. Results: Circulating Alarin levels were significantly higher in MetS patients compared with healthy subjects (0.46 ± 0.22 vs. 0.41 ± 0.14 µg/L, P < 0.01). In all studied subjects, circulating Alarin levels were positively correlated with WC, blood pressure, FBG, triglyceride, HbA1c, HOMA-IR, AUCglucose, and TNFα (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that circulating Alarin levels were correlated with MetS and insulin resistance. There was no significant change of circulating Alarin levels in the subjects with treadmill exercise for 45 min. In healthy individuals, however, glucose challenge, acute hyperglycemia and lipid infusions resulted in increased circulating Alarin levels, while acute hyperinsulinaemia transiently decreased circulating Alarin levels. Conclusion: The present study provides the evidence that circulating Alarin levels are associated with MetS and insulin resistance.

scholarly journals Born with low birth weight in rural Southern India: what are the metabolic consequences 20 years later?

2012 ◽  
Vol 166 (4) ◽  
pp. 647-655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nihal Thomas ◽  
Louise G Grunnet ◽  
Pernille Poulsen ◽  
Solomon Christopher ◽  
Rachaproleu Spurgeon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Indian Population ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Predisposing Factor ◽  
Normal Birth ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

ObjectiveLow birth weight (LBW) is common in the Indian population and may represent an important predisposing factor for type 2 diabetes (T2D) and the metabolic syndrome. Intensive metabolic examinations in ethnic LBW Asian Indians have been almost exclusively performed in immigrants living outside India. Therefore, we aimed to study the metabolic impact of being born with LBW in a rural non-migrant Indian population.Subjects and methodsOne hundred and seventeen non-migrant, young healthy men were recruited from a birth cohort in a rural part of south India. The subjects comprised 61 LBW and 56 normal birth weight (NBW) men, with NBW men acting as controls. Subjects underwent a hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic clamp, i.v. and oral glucose tolerance tests and a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan. The parents' anthropometric status and metabolic parameters were assessed.ResultsMen with LBW were shorter (167±6.4 vs 172±6.0 cm,P<0.0001), lighter (51.9±9 vs 55.4±7 kg,P=0.02) and had a reduced lean body mass (42.1±5.4 vs 45.0±4.5 kg,P=0.002) compared with NBW controls. After adjustment for height and weight, the LBW subjects had increased diastolic blood pressure (77±6 vs 75±6 mmHg,P=0.01). Five LBW subjects had impaired glucose tolerance.In vivoinsulin secretion and peripheral insulin action were similar in both the groups. Mothers of the LBW subjects were 3 cm shorter than the control mothers.ConclusionOnly subtle features of the metabolic syndrome and changes in body composition among LBW rural Indians were found. Whether other factors such as urbanisation and ageing may unmask more severe metabolic abnormalities may require a long-term follow-up.

Serum Angiopoietin-like Protein 6, Risk of Type 2 Diabetes, and Response to Hyperglycemia: A Prospective Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 105 (5) ◽  
pp. e1949-e1957 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kang-Chih Fan ◽  
Hung-Tsung Wu ◽  
Jung-Nan Wei ◽  
Lee-Ming Chuang ◽  
Chih-Yao Hsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
High Serum ◽  
Incident Diabetes ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Low Incidence ◽  
Human Participants

Abstract Context Angiopoietin-like protein 6 (ANGPTL6) is a hepatokine that improves insulin sensitivity in animals. However, serum ANGPTL6 concentration was found to be higher in human participants with diabetes or metabolic syndrome in cross-sectional studies, implying that ANGPTL6 may be induced to counteract hyperglycemia. Objective To investigate whether serum ANGPTL6 can predict incident diabetes and explore whether glucose or insulin can regulate ANGPTL6 expression and secretion. Design This cohort study included adults without diabetes at baseline who were followed every 2 years for incident diabetes. Serum ANGPTL6 concentrations were measured at baseline and during oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs). A hepatic cell line, HepG2, and diet-induced obesity mouse model were used to evaluate the response of ANGPTL6 expression and secretion to hyperglycemia and the metabolic syndrome. Results We recruited 1103 participants without diabetes at baseline. During the 4.22-year follow-up, 113 (10.2%) participants developed incident diabetes. Serum ANGPTL6 was negatively associated with the incidence of diabetes (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.77; P = 0.042). However, serum ANGPTL6 level was higher in participants with prediabetes (P = 0.018) and was elevated during OGTT. In HepG2 cells, treatment with glucose, but not insulin, induced ANGPTL6 expression. Hepatic ANGPTL6 expression and serum ANGPTL6 concentrations were significantly higher in mice fed with a high-fat diet than in those fed with a standard chow (both P &lt; 0.05). Conclusion A high serum ANGPTL6 level is associated with a low incidence of diabetes in humans. ANGPTL6 is expressed and secreted in response to hyperglycemia to maintain glucose homeostasis.

Platelet Activation and Inhibition in Sickle Cell Disease (PAINS) Study

Blood ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 120 (21) ◽  
pp. 5147-5147
Author(s):  
Andrew L. Frelinger ◽  
Joseph A. Jakubowski ◽  
Julie K. Brooks ◽  
Sabrina L. Zayas ◽  
Michelle A. Berny-Lang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sickle Cell Disease ◽  
Antiplatelet Therapy ◽  
Platelet Activation ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Research Funding ◽  
Cell Disease ◽  
Activation Markers ◽  
Circulating Levels

Abstract Abstract 5147 Platelet activation/aggregation in sickle cell disease (SCD) may promote tissue ischemia, suggesting antiplatelet therapy may be useful. However, assessing platelet function and the effect of antiplatelet therapy in blood from SCD patients may be confounded by hemolysis with release of ADP. Here we evaluate levels of platelet activation markers in SCD adolescents vs. normal controls and compare, by multiple methods, the effect of in vitro blockade of the platelet ADP receptor P2Y12 by prasugrel's active metabolite, R-138727. Platelet activation markers in blood from SCD adolescents (n=15) and healthy adults (n=10), and the effect of R-138727 (0. 1 – 10 μM) added in vitro, were evaluated with and without ADP stimulation. Circulating levels of platelet-monocyte and platelet-neutrophil aggregates were significantly higher (p <0. 01) in SCD patients than in healthy controls. R-138727, in a concentration-dependent manner, inhibited platelet function in both SCD patients and healthy subjects as judged by ADP-stimulated light transmission aggregation, VerifyNow P2Y12 assay, multiple electrode aggregometry, and flow cytometric analysis of platelet vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein, activated GPIIb-IIIa and P-selectin. The R-138727 IC50s for each assay were not significantly different in SCD vs. healthy subjects. In summary: 1) The high circulating levels of platelet-monocyte and platelet-neutrophil aggregates demonstrate in vivo platelet activation in SCD and may be useful as markers of the in vivo pharmacodynamic efficacy of antiplatelet therapy in SCD. 2) The similar in vitro R-138727 IC50s in SCD and healthy subjects suggest that the prasugrel dose-dependence for platelet inhibition in SCD patients will be similar to that previously observed in healthy subjects. Disclosures: Frelinger: Eli Lilly: Consultancy, Research Funding; Daiichi Sankyo: Research Funding; GLSynthesis: Research Funding. Jakubowski:Eli Lilly: Employment. Heeney:Novartis: Consultancy, Research Funding; Eli Lilly and Company: Research Funding; Pfizer: Consultancy. Michelson:Eli Lilly: Data monitoring committee and idependent external monitor of clinical trials, Research Funding; Takeda: Research Funding; Oxygen Biotherapeutics: Research Funding; Alexion: Research Funding; Omthera: Research Funding.

scholarly journals The Effect of Oral Glucose on Serum Free Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I and -II in Healthy Adults*

1997 ◽  
Vol 82 (9) ◽  
pp. 3124-3127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Frystyk ◽  
Thorbjørn Grøfte ◽  
Christian Skjærbæk ◽  
Hans Ørskov
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Igf System ◽  
Igf I ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding protein-I (IGFBP-1) has been suggested to regulate the availability of free IGF and the glucose lowering activity of the IGF-system in relation to fuel supply. Our recent observations of significant inverse correlations between free IGF-I and IGFBP-1 in cross-sectionally collected fasting serum samples support a possible physiological association between the peptides. To further study the impact of IGFBP-1 on free IGF levels and the possible participation of the IGF-system in glucose homeostasis, we studied the time course of changes in IGFBP-1 and free IGFs in 13 healthy subjects undergoing an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Serum was collected every 30 min for 330 min. Glucose, insulin, and GH followed the expected patterns and had regained baseline levels at 270 min. Total IGF-I and free and total IGF-II remained unaltered. IGFBP-1 decreased significantly by 37–52% (P &lt; 0.05) from 150 to 210 min, whereafter the concentration gradually increased by 75% to a level that tended to be above baseline (P = 0.052). Free IGF-I decreased by 29–38% (P &lt; 0.05) at the end of the study (270–330 min). IGFBP-1 was inversely correlated to free IGF-I at baseline (r = −0.57; P &lt; 0.05), as well as during the OGTT (r = 0.66; P &lt; 0.0001). In contrast, free IGF-II was not correlated to IGFBP-1. Insulin, but not free IGF-I, correlated significantly with serum glucose (P &lt; 0.05). These results extend our previous findings of an inverse correlation between free IGF-I and IGFBP-1 in cross-sectional studies to include longitudinal observations, and thus further substantiates the hypothesis that IGFBP-1 is an important determinant of free IGF-I in vivo. Significant changes in free IGF-I were observed only in the late postprandial phase, when glucose and insulin were fully normalized, demonstrating that free IGFs probably do not participate in glucoregulation to any significant degree during an oral glucose load in healthy subjects.

Lack of effect of oral glucose loading on conduit vessel endothelial function in healthy subjects

2004 ◽  
Vol 107 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aris SIAFARIKAS ◽  
Katie WATTS ◽  
Petra BEYE ◽  
Timothy W. JONES ◽  
Elizabeth A. DAVIS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Glycated Haemoglobin ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
The Impact

The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of an oral glucose load on circulating insulin and glucose levels and arterial function in healthy non-diabetic subjects. Thirty-nine non-obese, healthy subjects (24 female, 15 male), aged 21.0±1.8 years of age, were randomly assigned to undergo either an OGTT (oral glucose tolerance test; 75 g of glucose) or administration of a placebo. Analyses of lipids, liver function and HbA1c (glycated haemoglobin) at baseline revealed results which were within the standard reference range. Insulin and glucose levels as well as vascular function [FMD (flow-mediated dilation)] were measured at 0, 60 and 120 min. Compared with baseline, the control subjects did not exhibit any significant changes in glucose or insulin levels, whereas, in the OGTT group, blood glucose levels at both 60 (5.4±1.7 mmol/l) and 120 (5.0±1.1 mmol/l) min increased significantly relative to baseline (4.1±0.4 mmol/l; both P<0.001) and, similarly, insulin levels were higher at both 60 (30.1±21.3 m-units/l) and 120 (34.9±23.6 m-units/l) min compared with baseline (4.7±4.3 m-units/l; both P<0.001). Although blood glucose and insulin levels changed, FMD did not significantly differ between time-points or between groups. In summary, despite significantly elevated glucose and insulin concentrations in these subjects, we observed no change in vascular function, suggesting that acute elevations of glucose and insulin within the clinically normal range are not associated with impaired vascular function in vivo.

scholarly journals Borna Disease Virus Infection, a Human Mental-Health Risk

2003 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 534-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liv Bode ◽  
Hans Ludwig
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Diagnostic Systems ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Borna Disease Virus ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Borna Disease

SUMMARY This article focuses on human Borna disease virus (BDV) infections, most notably on the development of valid diagnostic systems, which have arisen as a major research issue in the past decade. The significance of a novel modular triple enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay that is capable of specifically measuring anti-BDV antibodies as well as major structural proteins N (p40) and P (p24) in the blood, either as free antigens in the plasma or as antibody-bound circulating immune complexes (CICs), is explained. The impact of CICs and plasma antigen, which indicate periods of antigenemia in the course of BDV infection, along with other infection markers that are still in use is discussed. The review further provides new insight into possible links of BDV to human diseases, summarizing cross-sectional and longitudinal data which correlate acute depression with the presence and amount of antigen and CICs. Moreover, BDV prevalence in healthy people is reevaluated, suggesting that this was previously underestimated. Antiviral efficacy of amantadine, in vivo and in vitro, is outlined as well, with emphasis on wild-type (human and equine) versus laboratory strains. Finally, the pros and cons of the association of BDV with human disease, as detailed in the literature, are critically discussed and related to our data and concepts. This article supports existing correlative evidence for a pathogenic role of BDV infection in particular human mental disorders, in analogy to what has been proven for a variety of animal species.

Measuring esophageal distension by high-frequency intraluminal ultrasound probe

2002 ◽  
Vol 283 (4) ◽  
pp. G886-G892 ◽  
Author(s):  
Poong-Lyul Rhee ◽  
Jianmin Liu ◽  
James L. Puckett ◽  
Ravinder K. Mittal
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Ultrasound Images ◽  
Agarose Gel ◽  
Ultrasound Probe ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Esophageal Sphincter

Distension of the esophagus can cause heartburn and chest pain; however, none of the available techniques to study the esophagus measure esophageal distension. We evaluated the technique of high-frequency intraluminal ultrasound probe (HFIUS) to measure the esophageal cross-sectional area (CSA) during gastroesophageal reflux (GER). The following methods were used: 1) the CSA of agarose gel tubes of known dimensions were measured using ultrasound probes; 2) seven normal subjects were studied to evaluate the esophageal CSA during different bolus volumes (1, 5, 10, 15, and 20 ml) of water swallows (WS); and 3) simultaneous pressures, pH, and ultrasound images of the esophagus were recorded in healthy subjects. In vitro studies showed that the HFIUS measured the CSA of the tubes accurately. The maximal CSA of the distal esophagus during WS with boluses of 1, 5, 10, 15, and 20 ml were 54, 101, 175, 235, and 246 mm2, respectively. Esophageal contents during 62 episodes of transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxations, 29 pH positive, and 33 pH negative GER episodes revealed that reflux of air into the esophagus occurred more frequently than liquid. The median CSA and estimated diameter of the esophagus during liquid GER was 44.1 mm2 and 7.5 mm, respectively. We conclude that HFIUS is a valid technique to measure the CSA of the esophagus in vivo during GER. Distension of the esophagus during physiological GER is relatively small.

scholarly journals Circulating Autoantibodies to LGALS3BP: A Novel Biomarker for Cancer

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 747-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonino Grassadonia ◽  
Nicola Tinari ◽  
Clara Natoli ◽  
Galit Yahalom ◽  
Stefano Iacobelli
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Early Diagnosis Of Cancer ◽  
Diagnosis Of Cancer ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Circulating Autoantibodies ◽  
Circulating Levels

Purpose. Circulating autoantibodies have been extensively investigated as possible markers for early diagnosis of cancer. The present study was carried out to investigate whether anti-LGALS3BP IgG autoantibodies could be classified as a biomarker for malignant tumors.Methods. An in-house developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect autoantibodies to LGALS3BP in sera from 71 patients with various types of cancers and 54 healthy subjects matched by age and gender.Results. Patients with cancer have significant higher circulating levels of anti-LGALS3BP antibodies as compared to control subjects (). The test has a sensitivity of 33% and a specificity of 98%.Conclusions. Anti-LGALS3BP IgG autoantibodies are a promising biomarker for malignant tumors and could play a role in the development of a multimarker assay for the early detection of cancer.

scholarly journals Metabolic Disorders in HIV-Infected Adolescents Receiving Protease Inhibitors

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeerunda Santiprabhob ◽  
Surapong Tanchaweng ◽  
Sirinoot Maturapat ◽  
Alan Maleesatharn ◽  
Watcharee Lermankul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Abnormal Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Asian Adolescents ◽  
Abnormal Lipid Metabolism

Protease inhibitor (PI) may cause abnormal glucose metabolism, abnormal lipid metabolism, and metabolic syndrome in HIV-infected adults but less well studied in Asian adolescents. This cross-sectional study evaluated anthropometric factors, oral glucose tolerance test, and lipid profiles of perinatally HIV-infected Thai adolescents who had received PI-based antiretroviral therapy for at least 6 months. Eighty adolescents were enrolled [median (IQR) age 16.7 (14.6–18.0) years, 42 males]. Metabolic syndrome, prediabetes, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were found in 8 (10%), 17 (22.1%), and 3 (3.8%) adolescents, respectively. Dyslipidemia was found in 56 (70%) adolescents, with hypertriglyceridemia being the most common type. In multivariate analysis, presence of lipohypertrophy (OR: 25.7, 95% CI: 3.2–202.8;p=0.002) and longer duration of PI use (OR: 1.04, 95% CI: 1.00–1.08;p=0.023) were associated with metabolic syndrome. Obesity (OR: 7.71, 95% CI: 1.36–43.7;p=0.021), presence of lipohypertrophy (OR: 62.9, 95% CI: 4.97–795.6;p=0.001), and exposure to stavudine for ≥6 months (OR: 8.18, 95% CI: 1.37–48.7;p=0.021) were associated with prediabetes/T2DM, while exposure to tenofovir for ≥6 months reduced the risk (OR: 0.17, 95% CI: 0.04–0.78;p=0.022). Metabolic disorders were commonly found in adolescents receiving PI. Careful monitoring and early intervention to modify cardiovascular risk should be systematically implemented in this population particularly those with exposure to stavudine.

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