scholarly journals Metabolic Disorders in HIV-Infected Adolescents Receiving Protease Inhibitors

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeerunda Santiprabhob ◽  
Surapong Tanchaweng ◽  
Sirinoot Maturapat ◽  
Alan Maleesatharn ◽  
Watcharee Lermankul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Abnormal Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Asian Adolescents ◽  
Abnormal Lipid Metabolism

Protease inhibitor (PI) may cause abnormal glucose metabolism, abnormal lipid metabolism, and metabolic syndrome in HIV-infected adults but less well studied in Asian adolescents. This cross-sectional study evaluated anthropometric factors, oral glucose tolerance test, and lipid profiles of perinatally HIV-infected Thai adolescents who had received PI-based antiretroviral therapy for at least 6 months. Eighty adolescents were enrolled [median (IQR) age 16.7 (14.6–18.0) years, 42 males]. Metabolic syndrome, prediabetes, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were found in 8 (10%), 17 (22.1%), and 3 (3.8%) adolescents, respectively. Dyslipidemia was found in 56 (70%) adolescents, with hypertriglyceridemia being the most common type. In multivariate analysis, presence of lipohypertrophy (OR: 25.7, 95% CI: 3.2–202.8;p=0.002) and longer duration of PI use (OR: 1.04, 95% CI: 1.00–1.08;p=0.023) were associated with metabolic syndrome. Obesity (OR: 7.71, 95% CI: 1.36–43.7;p=0.021), presence of lipohypertrophy (OR: 62.9, 95% CI: 4.97–795.6;p=0.001), and exposure to stavudine for ≥6 months (OR: 8.18, 95% CI: 1.37–48.7;p=0.021) were associated with prediabetes/T2DM, while exposure to tenofovir for ≥6 months reduced the risk (OR: 0.17, 95% CI: 0.04–0.78;p=0.022). Metabolic disorders were commonly found in adolescents receiving PI. Careful monitoring and early intervention to modify cardiovascular risk should be systematically implemented in this population particularly those with exposure to stavudine.

scholarly journals Nutrient intakes and dysglycaemia in populations of West African origin

2011 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon G. Anderson ◽  
Novie Younger ◽  
Adrian H. Heald ◽  
Marshall K. Tulloch-Reid ◽  
Wiyumile P. Simukonda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
African Origin ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Relationship

Examining the relationship between glucose intolerance and dietary intake in genetically similar populations with different dietary patterns and rates of type 2 diabetes may provide important insights into the role of diet in the pathogenesis of this disease. The objective of the present study was to assess the relationship between dietary variables and dysglycaemia/type 2 diabetes among three populations of African origin. The study design consists of a cross-sectional study of men and women of African descent aged 24–74 years from Cameroon (n 1790), Jamaica (n 857) and Manchester, UK (n 258) who were not known to have diabetes. Each participant had anthropometric measurements and underwent a 2 h 75 g oral glucose tolerance test. Habitual dietary intake was estimated with quantitative FFQ, developed specifically for each country. The age-adjusted prevalence of undiagnosed type 2 diabetes in Cameroon was low (1·1 %), but it was higher in Jamaica (11·6 %) and the UK (12·6 %). Adjusted generalised linear and latent mixed models used to obtain OR indicated that each 1·0 % increment in energy from protein, total fat and saturated fats significantly increased the odds of type 2 diabetes by 9 (95 % CI 1·02, 1·16) %, 5 (95 % CI, 1·01, 1·08) % and 16 (95 % CI 1·08, 1·25) %, respectively. A 1 % increase in energy from carbohydrates and a 0·1 unit increment in the PUFA:SFA ratio were associated with significantly reduced odds of type 2 diabetes. The results show independent effects of dietary factors on hyperglycaemia in African origin populations. Whether modifying intake of specific macronutrients helps diabetes prevention needs testing in randomised trials.

scholarly journals The relationship between insulin sensitivity and serum antithrombin 3 activity in patients with type 2 diabetes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Wang ◽  
Jie Cao ◽  
Jian-bin Su ◽  
Xueqin Wang ◽  
Dong-mei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Antithrombin 3 (AT3) is a physiological inhibitor of thrombin, and serum AT3 activity was found to be decreased at the status of type 2 diabetes (T2D). T2D was presented with an increased risk of thrombotic complications at the background of impaired insulin sensitivity. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between insulin sensitivity indices and serum AT3 activity in patients with T2D. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study in patients with T2D who consented to participate in the study at the Endocrinology Department of Affiliated 2 Hospital of Nantong University from January 2015 to June 2018. All patients received serum AT3 activity test and 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Basal and systemic insulin sensitivity were assessed by homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and Matsuda index (ISIMatsuda), respectively, from the OGTT. And other relevant clinical data were also collected. Results: Total 1612 patients with T2D were enrolled in the study, with a mean age of 58.67±13.09 years and a median diabetes duration of 6 years (interquartile range, 1–10 years). Across ascending quartiles of serum AT3, HOMA-IR progressively decreased, while ISIMatsuda progressively increased (all p for trend <0.001). Moreover, serum AT3 was negatively correlated with HOMA-IR (r= –0.189, p<0.001) and positively correlated with ISIMatsuda (r=0.221, p<0.001). After adjusting for other metabolic risk factors, hemostatic parameters and glucose-lowering therapies by multivariate liner regression analysis, HOMA-IR (β= −0.185, t= −5.960, p<0.001) and ISIMatsuda (β= 0.197, t=6.632, p<0.001) remained independently associated with the serum AT3 activity in patients with T2D, respectively. Conclusions: Reduced basal and systemic insulin sensitivity are associated with decreased serum AT3 activity in patients with T2D.

scholarly journals Relationship of Blood Glucose Level and Severity of Periodontitis in Patients attended the Outpatient Periodontics Clinic of College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Saudi Arabia

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-11
Author(s):  
Md Zahid Hossain ◽  
Hammam I Fageeh ◽  
Fadul A Gader ◽  
M Yunis Saleem
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Made In

Aims: A prospective cross-sectional study was performed involving   30 patients who attended the College of Dentistry outpatient Periodontics   clinic of King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia during the period of 12th March -12th May, 2011. Methods: Clinical data were recorded from the randomly selected 30 patients where periodontitis was indexed after Loe H: J Periodontol 38 (suppl):610, 1967 and modified from Russel AL: J Dent Res 35:350, 1956. Diabetic conditions were determined by 2 separate fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels determinations [100~125 mg/dL at 8 hours fasting] and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) [140~199 mg/dL at 2 hours after 75-g glucose load]. Results: Among 30 patients, mean age 33}7 (range 18~54) years, males 70% and females 30% were divided into three groups: i) 10 periodontitis patients having diabetes mellitus (DM), ii) 10 non-diabetic periodontitis patients and iii) 10 patients were not suffering from periodontitis or DM as a control group. Results revealed that patients having diabetes had more moderate to severe forms of periodontitis 50% (p<0.05) including type 2 (80%) than type1 (20%) DM, (p<0.05). Similarly, 80% of the periodontitis patients were found suffering from moderate to severe forms of periodontitis (p<0.05) in uncontrolled group (20%) of DM patients. Conclusion: The present study proved a clear relationship with the patients having diabetes and periodontitis including severity of the diseases and glycemic control. Using these results, a greater effort can be made in providing periodontal as well as overall health to the population of at or around of Abha city of Saudi Arabia. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cdcj.v9i2.12313 City Dental College J. Volume-9, Number-2, July-2012

scholarly journals The relationship between insulin sensitivity and serum AT3 activity in patients with type 2 diabetes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Wang ◽  
Jie Cao ◽  
Jian-bin Su ◽  
Xue-qin Wang ◽  
Dong-mei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background: Serum antithrombin 3 (AT3) is a physiological inhibitor of thrombin, and AT3 activity was found to be decreased at the status of type 2 diabetes (T2D). T2D was presented with an increased risk of thrombotic complications at the background of impaired insulin sensitivity. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between insulin sensitivity and serum AT3 activity in patients with T2D. Methods: We recruited 1612 patients with T2D for this cross-sectional study from the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University. All patients performed 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and basal and systemic insulin sensitivity were assessed by homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and Matsuda index (ISI Matsuda ), respectively. Serum AT3, one of the hemostatic parameters, and the relevant clinical data were collected, as well as other laboratory indicators. Results: It is showed that HOMA-IR decreased, while ISI Matsuda notably increased, across ascending quartiles of serum AT3. Moreover, serum AT3 were was negatively correlated with (r = –0.189, p < 0.001) and positively correlated with ISI Matsuda (r = 0.221, p < 0.001). After adjusted for metabolic risk factors, hemostatic parameters and glucose-lowering therapies by multivariate liner regression analysis, HOMA-IR (β = −0.179, t = −5.823, p < 0.001) and ISI Matsuda (β = 0.191, t = 6.395, p < 0.001) was remained independently associated with the serum AT3 activity patients with T2D, respectively. Conclusions: Reduced basal and systemic insulin sensitivity are associated with decreased AT3 activity in patients with T2D.

Correlation of Glycemic Control Parameters in Non-Diabetic Persons with Cardiovascular Risk Scores - Results from a Cross- Sectional Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-110
Author(s):  
Gina Botnariu ◽  
Norina Forna ◽  
Alina Popa ◽  
Raluca Popescu ◽  
Alina Onofriescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
University Of Edinburgh ◽  
Fasting Glycaemia ◽  
The University

To assess the correlation between main parameters of glycemic control and cardiovascular risk scores in non-diabetic persons. Risk scores were calculated by using the University of Edinburgh Risk Calculator. Risk scores are used to estimate the probability of cardiovascular disease in individuals who have not already developed major atherosclerotic disease. We correlated the results of these scores with the parameters that describes the glycaemic profile: preprandial glicaemia, HbA1c and 1 hour and 2 h post-prandial glycaemia, determined during Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT).Both fasting glycaemia and HbA1c significantly correlated with cardiovascular risk scores calculated for a period of 10 years. The recorded post-prandial glycaemic values at 1h and 2h after glucose loading didn�t significantly correlate with calculated scores, in the study group. The observed correlations underline the importance of glycaemia in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases.

scholarly journals MicroRNAs-1299, -126-3p and -30e-3p as Potential Diagnostic Biomarkers for Prediabetes

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 949
Author(s):  
Cecil J. Weale ◽  
Don M. Matshazi ◽  
Saarah F. G. Davids ◽  
Shanel Raghubeer ◽  
Rajiv T. Erasmus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Receiver Operating Characteristic ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Predictive Ability ◽  
Roc Curves ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Receiver Operating

This cross-sectional study investigated the association of miR-1299, -126-3p and -30e-3p with and their diagnostic capability for dysglycaemia in 1273 (men, n = 345) South Africans, aged >20 years. Glycaemic status was assessed by oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Whole blood microRNA (miRNA) expressions were assessed using TaqMan-based reverse transcription quantitative-PCR (RT-qPCR). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves assessed the ability of each miRNA to discriminate dysglycaemia, while multivariable logistic regression analyses linked expression with dysglycaemia. In all, 207 (16.2%) and 94 (7.4%) participants had prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), respectively. All three miRNAs were significantly highly expressed in individuals with prediabetes compared to normotolerant patients, p < 0.001. miR-30e-3p and miR-126-3p were also significantly more expressed in T2DM versus normotolerant patients, p < 0.001. In multivariable logistic regressions, the three miRNAs were consistently and continuously associated with prediabetes, while only miR-126-3p was associated with T2DM. The ROC analysis indicated all three miRNAs had a significant overall predictive ability to diagnose prediabetes, diabetes and the combination of both (dysglycaemia), with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) being significantly higher for miR-126-3p in prediabetes. For prediabetes diagnosis, miR-126-3p (AUC = 0.760) outperformed HbA1c (AUC = 0.695), p = 0.042. These results suggest that miR-1299, -126-3p and -30e-3p are associated with prediabetes, and measuring miR-126-3p could potentially contribute to diabetes risk screening strategies.

scholarly journals Clinical relevance of reporting fatty liver on ultrasound in asymptomatic patients during routine health checkups

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (11) ◽  
pp. 4447-4454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajit Ramakant Mahale ◽  
Sonali Dattatray Prabhu ◽  
Muthiah Nachiappan ◽  
Merwyn Fernandes ◽  
Sonali Ullal
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Clinical Relevance ◽  
Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽  
Lipoprotein Metabolism ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients

Objective Ultrasonography is an efficient technique for detecting fatty liver. Its sensitivity and specificity in detecting moderate to severe fatty liver are comparable to those of histology. Fatty liver is associated with abnormal lipid and lipoprotein metabolism and insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular/renal disease, type 2 diabetes, and other conditions. This study was performed to compare the serum lipid profiles and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels in patients diagnosed with fatty liver on ultrasonography versus controls without fatty liver and evaluate the clinical relevance of an ultrasound diagnosis of fatty liver in routine health checkups. Methods This hospital-based cross-sectional study included 390 patients who underwent health checkups; 226 were diagnosed with fatty liver (cases) and 164 were not (controls). The lipid profile, serum GOT and GPT levels, and HbA1c level were compared between the cases and controls. Results The cases had considerably higher levels of lipids, liver enzymes (serum GOT and GPT), and HbA1c than controls. Conclusion Ultrasonography is a noninvasive simple tool for early detection of fatty liver in asymptomatic patients and can help clinicians achieve early detection of metabolic syndrome.

Omentin-1 and diabetic foot

2022 ◽  
pp. 153473462110698
Author(s):  
Tsvetan Gatev ◽  
Viktoriya Byalkova ◽  
Ivan Poromanski ◽  
Tsvetelina Velikova ◽  
Dobrin Vassilev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Foot ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Elisa Method ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Diabetic Foot Disease ◽  
Foot Disease

Introduction: Diabetic foot disease is an advanced complication of diabetes mellitus, which is associated with severe invalidization and high mortality rate among affected people. Many factors are involved in its pathogenesis but not all of them are fully elucidated. Objectives: Adipose tissue and its hormones – adipokines, are related to diabetic complications and metabolic disorders. Until now, there are limited data on their role in diabetic foot. The aim of this cross-sectional study is to determine the levels of the adipokine omentin-1 in people with and without diabetic foot disease and to look for its potential involvement in this complication. Methods: Eighty patients with type 2 diabetes and mean age of 60.8±10.5 years were included in this study. They were divided into two groups: with (n=36) and without (n=44) diabetic foot disease. Standard antrometric, clinical and laboratory tests were made. Body composition was analyzed by bioelectrical impedance based device. Serum omentin-1 was measured using ELISA method. Results: Levels of omentin-1 were significantly higher among people with diabetic foot disease (700.2±345.1 ng/ml), compared to the other group (560.2±176.7 ng/ml). This difference remained significant even after adjusting for potential confounders. In a regression model omentin-1 proved its predictive value for development of diabetic foot. Conclusion: Adipokines, and particularly omentin-1, might be included in the pathogenesis of diabetic foot disease.

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