scholarly journals Personality in patients with pituitary adenomas is characterized by increased anxiety-related traits: comparison of 70 acromegalic patients with patients with non-functioning pituitary adenomas and age- and gender-matched controls

2009 ◽  
Vol 160 (3) ◽  
pp. 367-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Sievers ◽  
M Ising ◽  
H Pfister ◽  
C Dimopoulou ◽  
H J Schneider ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Pituitary Adenomas ◽  
Eysenck Personality Questionnaire ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Personality Questionnaire ◽  
Novelty Seeking ◽  
Social Conformity ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Non Functioning Pituitary Adenomas

ObjectiveAlthough neuropsychiatric and morphological brain alterations in acromegalic patients have been described and a distinct disease personality is clinically suspected, this has never been systematically investigated. We examined whether patients with acromegaly showed an altered personality profile compared with patients with non-functioning pituitary adenomas and healthy controls.Design and methodsIn this cross-sectional study, 70 acromegalic patients and 58 patients with non-functioning pituitary adenomas were compared with 140 mentally healthy population controls, matched for age and gender. Personality traits were measured by standardized personality questionnaires (Eysenck personality questionnaire-RK and tridimensional personality questionnaire).ResultsCompared with healthy controls, acromegalic patients described themselves as distinctly more harm avoidant and neurotic and presented themselves with high social conformity. On harm avoidant subscales, they reported more anticipatory worries and pessimism, higher fear of uncertainty, higher fatigability and asthenia. This personality pattern was not specific for acromegaly, but could similarly be observed in patients with non-functioning pituitary adenomas. However, specific for patients with GH-producing adenomas was an even more reduced novelty-seeking behaviour, especially in terms of lower impulsiveness, compared with patients with non-functioning pituitary adenomas.ConclusionPatients with pituitary adenomas show a distinct pattern of increased anxiety-related personality traits compared with the general population, potentially as a result of the pituitary lesion and/or associated hormonal dysregulations and comorbidities. Acromegaly is additionally associated with reduced impulsivity and novelty-seeking behaviour, which might affect patients' management and their quality of life.

Age and gender differences in socially aversive (“dark”) personality traits

2021 ◽  
pp. 089020702098843
Author(s):  
Johanna Hartung ◽  
Martina Bader ◽  
Morten Moshagen ◽  
Oliver Wilhelm
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Dark Triad ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Measurement Models ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Latent Means

The strong overlap of personality traits discussed under the label of “dark personality” (e.g., psychopathy, spitefulness, moral disengagement) endorses a common framework for socially aversive traits over and beyond the dark triad. Despite the rapidly growing research on socially aversive traits, there is a lack of studies addressing age-associated differences in these traits. In the present study ( N = 12,501), we investigated the structure of the D Factor of Personality across age and gender using local structural equation modeling, thereby expressing the model parameters as a quasi-continuous, nonparametric function of age. Specifically, we evaluated loadings, reliabilities, factor (co-)variances, and means across 35 locally weighted age groups (from 20 to 54 years), separately for females and males. Results indicated that measurement models were highly stable, thereby supporting the conceptualization of the D factor independent of age and gender. Men exhibited uniformly higher latent means than females and all latent means decreased with increasing age. Overall, D and its themes were invariant across age and gender. Therefore, future studies can meaningfully pursue causes of mean differences across age and between genders.

scholarly journals Physical Activity and Quality of Life in Hemodialysis Patients and Healthy Controls: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1978
Author(s):  
Tjaša Filipčič ◽  
Špela Bogataj ◽  
Jernej Pajek ◽  
Maja Pajek
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Habitual Physical Activity ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Comorbidity Score ◽  
Sf 36 ◽  
And Gender

Hemodialysis (HD) patients have lower functional abilities compared to healthy people, and this is associated with lower physical activity in everyday life. This may affect their quality of life, but research on this topic is limited. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the relationship between habitual physical activity and quality of life in HD patients and healthy controls. Ninety-three HD patients and 140 controls participated in the study. Quality of life was assessed using a 36-item medical outcomes study short-form health survey (SF-36). Human Activity Profile (HAP) was used to assess habitual physical activity. The adjusted activity score (AAS) from HAP, age, gender, fat tissue index (FTI), lean tissue index (LTI), and Davies comorbidity score were analyzed as possible predictors of the Physical Component Summary (PCS) of the SF-36. Three sequential linear models were used to model PCS. In Model 1, PCS was regressed by gender and age; in Model 2 the LTI, FTI, and Davies comorbidity scores were added. Model 3 also included AAS. After controlling for age and gender (ModelHD 1: p = 0.056), LTI, FTI, and Davies comorbidity score effects (ModelHD 2: p = 0.181), the AAS accounted for 32% of the variation in PCS of HD patients (ModelHD 3: p < 0.001). Consequently, the PCS of HD patients would increase by 0.431 points if the AAS increased by one point. However, in healthy controls, AAS had a lower impact than in the HD sample (B = 0.359 vs. 0.431), while the corresponding effects of age and gender (ModelH 1: p < 0.001), LTI, FTI, and Davies comorbidity score (ModelH 2: p < 0.001) were adjusted for. The proportion of variation in PCS attributed to AAS was 14.9% (ModelH 3: p < 0.001). The current study results showed that physical activity in everyday life as measured by the HAP questionnaire is associated to a higher degree with the quality of life of HD patients than in healthy subjects. Routine physical activity programs are therefore highly justified, and the nephrology community should play a leading role in this effort.

scholarly journals Respiratory changes in Parkinson's disease may be unrelated to dopaminergic dysfunction

2012 ◽  
Vol 70 (11) ◽  
pp. 847-851 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana Ulhôa Guedes ◽  
Juliana Melo Rodrigues ◽  
Aline Andrioni Fernandes ◽  
Francisco E. Cardoso ◽  
Verônica Franco Parreira
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Maximal Inspiratory Pressure ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Dopaminergic Dysfunction ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Student’S T Test

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) and maximal expiratory pressure (MEP) in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) during the on and off periods of levodopa and to compare with healthy controls. METHODS: Twenty-six patients were analyzed with Hoehn and Yahr scores (2-3) and 26 age and gender matched-controls. Statistical analysis was performed with Student's t-test for paired and independent samples. RESULTS: MIP and MEP values in patients were significantly lower than the values obtained in controls both for off and on stages -excepted for MIP in women (p=0.28). For patients with PD, the studied parameters did not differ between stages on and off, with the exception of MEP in women (p=0.00). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with PD have respiratory pressure lower than controls, even in early stages of the disease, and dopamine replacement has little impact over these respiratory pressures. These findings suggest that respiratory changes in PD may be unrelated to dopaminergic dysfunction.

scholarly journals Changes in the concentrations of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and its precursors in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu Chen ◽  
Yong Chen ◽  
Mingming Zhao ◽  
Lemin Zheng ◽  
Dongsheng Fan
Keyword(s):  
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Metabolic Pathway ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Als Patients ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

Abstract To compare the plasma concentrations of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and its precursors in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients, their spouses and healthy controls and to find associations between gut microbiota metabolites and ALS. ALS patients were recruited at Peking University Third Hospital from January 2015 to December 2018. Information was collected from their spouses at the same time. Age and gender matched healthy controls were recruited from individuals who visited the physical examination center for health checkups. Blood samples were collected after at least 4 h of fasting. Concentrations of the metabolites were quantified using stable isotope dilution liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Group differences were analyzed using parametric and nonparametric tests, as appropriate. In this study, 160 patients with ALS were recruited. In these patients, 63 were compared with their spouses, 148 were compared with age and gender matched controls, and 60 were compared with both their spouses and heathy controls in the same time. The carnitine concentration was significantly higher in patients than in their spouses, while there were no significant differences in the concentrations of other metabolites. The carnitine and betaine concentrations were higher, while the choline, TMAO and butyrobetaine concentrations were lower in ALS than in healthy controls. The concentrations of the metabolites in the spouses were more similar to the ALS patients rather than to the healthy controls. In the ALS group, the plasma concentrations of carnitine, betaine, choline and TMAO were inversely related to the severity of upper motor neuron impairment. The TMAO metabolic pathway of the gut microbiota is disturbed in both ALS patients and their spouses, which might suggest that the changes in the gut microbiota occurred before disease onset. The negative correlations between the involvement of UMNs and the concentrations of the metabolites might suggest that the inhibition of this metabolic pathway might lead to a better prognosis in ALS patients.

EXAMINING THE PREDICTIVE EFFECT OF IMPULSIVITY LEVELS AND PERSONALITY TRAITS ON METACOGNITIVE THOUGHTS

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ece Naz ERMİŞ
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Eysenck Personality Questionnaire ◽  
Personality Questionnaire ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Cognitive Awareness ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Predictive Effect

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the predictive effects of impulsivity levels and distinct personality traits (neuroticism, extraversion and psychotic) on metacognitive thoughts across a healthy population. The study was carried out with 69 university students who were selected randomly (60 female, 9 male; 18-28 ages). Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, MCQ-30 Metacognition Scale, Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-Short Form and a demographical information form were used for data collection. Regression analyses were used in data examining. Findings revealed a statistically significant positive effect of neuroticism on metacognition. According to statistical analysis, there was a predictive effect of non-planning subscale scores of impulsivity on cognitive awareness subscale scores of metacognition. Furthermore, there was a statistically significant predictive effect of attentional subscale scores of impulsivity on cognitive confidence subscale scores of metacognition scale. The results were discussed regarding the limitations of the study and the suggestions were provided for future studies. KeyWords: Metacognition, Impulsivity, Personality   

scholarly journals Characteristics of Nonmotor Symptoms in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruwei Ou ◽  
Wei Song ◽  
Qianqian Wei ◽  
Ke Chen ◽  
Bei Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dysfunction ◽  
Progressive Supranuclear Palsy ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Nonmotor Symptoms ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Attention Memory ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Control Study

Objectives. To explore the clinical correlates of nonmotor symptoms (NMS) in progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and their differences from healthy controls and patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD).Methods. Twenty-seven PSP patients, 27 age- and gender-matched healthy controls (HC), and 27 age- and gender-matched PD patients were included for this case-control study. NMS were assessed using the Nonmotor Symptoms Scale (NMSS, including 9 domains).Results. All PSP patients reported NMS. The frequency and severity of “sleep/fatigue,” “mood/apathy,” “attention/memory,” “gastrointestinal,” “sexual dysfunction,” and “miscellaneous” domains in PSP group were significantly higher than those in HC group (P<0.05). The frequency of “mood/apathy,” “attention/memory,” and “sexual dysfunction” domains and the severity of “attention/memory” and “gastrointestinal” domains in PSP group were significantly higher than those in PD group (P<0.05). The “attention/memory” domain in PSP had a significant but weak-to-moderate correlation with age (R=0.387,P=0.046) and onset age (R=0.406,P=0.036).Conclusions. NMS are common in PSP patients. Patients with PSP seem to be subjected to more frequent and severe specific NMS compared to healthy aging subjects and PD patients. Older PSP patients and late-onset patients are likely to be subjected to cognitive decline.

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