scholarly journals Effects of dietary fat on insulin secretion in subjects with the metabolic syndrome

2019 ◽  
Vol 180 (5) ◽  
pp. 321-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanne L Gulseth ◽  
Ingrid M F Gjelstad ◽  
Audrey C Tiereny ◽  
Danielle McCarthy ◽  
Julie A Lovegrove ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Intravenous Glucose ◽  
Pufa Supplementation ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

Objective Impaired insulin secretion and action contribute to the development of type 2 diabetes. Dietary fat modification may improve insulin sensitivity, whereas the effect on insulin secretion is unclear. We investigated the effect of dietary fat modification on insulin secretion in subjects with the metabolic syndrome. Design In a 12-week pan-European parallel, randomized controlled dietary intervention trial (LIPGENE), 486 subjects were assigned to four isoenergetic diets: high-fat diets rich in saturated fat (HSFA) or monounsaturated fat (HMUFA) or low-fat, high-complex carbohydrate diets with (LFHCC n-3) or without (LFHCC control) 1.2 g/day of n-3 PUFA supplementation. Insulin secretion was estimated as acute insulin response to glucose (AIRg) and disposition index (DI), modeled from an intravenous glucose tolerance test. Results There were no overall effect of the dietary intervention on AIRg and DI in the total cohort, in neither the high-fat nor LFHCC groups. We observed significant diet*fasting glucose category interactions for AIRg (P = 0.021) and DI (P = 0.001) in the high-fat groups. In subjects with normal fasting glucose and preserved first phase insulin secretion, the HMUFA diet increased, whereas the HSFA diet reduced AIRg (P = 0.015) and DI (P = 0.010). Conclusions The effects of dietary fat modification on insulin secretion were minor, and only evident in normoglycemic subjects. In this case, the HMUFA diet improved AIRg and DI, as compared to the HSFA diet.

scholarly journals Dietary fat modifications and blood pressure in subjects with the metabolic syndrome in the LIPGENE dietary intervention study

2010 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanne L. Gulseth ◽  
Ingrid M. F. Gjelstad ◽  
Audrey C. Tierney ◽  
Danielle I. Shaw ◽  
Olfa Helal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Monounsaturated Fat ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Pufa Supplementation ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Dietary Intervention Trial

Hypertension is a key feature of the metabolic syndrome. Lifestyle and dietary changes may affect blood pressure (BP), but the knowledge of the effects of dietary fat modification in subjects with the metabolic syndrome is limited. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of an isoenergetic change in the quantity and quality of dietary fat on BP in subjects with the metabolic syndrome. In a 12-week European multi-centre, parallel, randomised controlled dietary intervention trial (LIPGENE), 486 subjects were assigned to one of the four diets distinct in fat quantity and quality: two high-fat diets rich in saturated fat or monounsaturated fat and two low-fat, high-complex carbohydrate diets with or without 1·2 g/d of very long-chain n-3 PUFA supplementation. There were no overall differences in systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP or pulse pressure (PP) between the dietary groups after the intervention. The high-fat diet rich in saturated fat had minor unfavourable effects on SBP and PP in males.

scholarly journals The Estimation of First-Phase Insulin Secretion by Using Components of the Metabolic Syndrome in a Chinese Population

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiunn-diann Lin ◽  
Chun-Hsien Hsu ◽  
Yao-Jen Liang ◽  
Wei-Cheng Lian ◽  
Chang-Hsun Hsieh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
External Validation ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Intravenous Glucose ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Fasting Plasma

Aims. There are two phases of insulin secretion, the first (FPIS) and second phase (SPIS). In this study, we built equations to predict FPIS with metabolic syndrome (MetS) components and fasting plasma insulin (FPI).Methods. Totally, 186 participants were enrolled. 75% of participants were randomly selected as the study group to build equations. The remaining 25% of participants were selected as the external validation group. All participants received a frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test, and acute insulin response after the glucose load (AIRg) was obtained. The AIRg was considered as FPIS.Results. When MetS components were only used, the following equation was built: log (FPIS) = 1.477 − 0.119 × fasting plasma glucose (FPG) + 0.079 × body mass index (BMI) − 0.523 × high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). After FPI was added, the second equation was formulated: log (FPIS) = 1.532 − 0.127 × FPG + 0.059 × BMI - 0.511 × HDL-C + 0.375 × log (FPI), which provided a better accuracy than the first one.Conclusions. Using MetS components, the FPIS could be estimated accurately. After adding FPI into the equation, the predictive power increased further. We hope that these equations could be widely used in daily practice.

scholarly journals Early maternal undernutrition programs increased feed intake, altered glucose metabolism and insulin secretion, and liver function in aged female offspring

2012 ◽  
Vol 302 (7) ◽  
pp. R795-R804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsey A. George ◽  
Liren Zhang ◽  
Nuermaimaiti Tuersunjiang ◽  
Yan Ma ◽  
Nathan M. Long ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Liver Function ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Intravenous Glucose ◽  
Maternal Undernutrition ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

Insulin resistance and obesity are components of the metabolic syndrome that includes development of cardiovascular disease and diabetes with advancing age. The thrifty phenotype hypothesis suggests that offspring of poorly nourished mothers are predisposed to the various components of the metabolic syndrome due to adaptations made during fetal development. We assessed the effects of maternal nutrient restriction in early gestation on feeding behavior, insulin and glucose dynamics, body composition, and liver function in aged female offspring of ewes fed either a nutrient-restricted [NR 50% National Research Council (NRC) recommendations] or control (C: 100% NRC) diet from 28 to 78 days of gestation, after which both groups were fed at 100% of NRC from day 79 to lambing and through lactation. Female lambs born to NR and C dams were reared as a single group from weaning, and thereafter, they were fed 100% NRC recommendations until assigned to this study at 6 yr of age. These female offspring were evaluated by a frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test, followed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry for body composition analysis prior to and after ad libitum feeding of a highly palatable pelleted diet for 11 wk with automated monitoring of feed intake (GrowSafe Systems). Aged female offspring born to NR ewes demonstrated greater and more rapid feed intake, greater body weight gain, and efficiency of gain, lower insulin sensitivity, higher insulin secretion, and greater hepatic lipid and glycogen content than offspring from C ewes. These data confirm an increased metabolic “thriftiness” of offspring born to NR mothers, which continues into advanced age, possibly predisposing these offspring to metabolic disease.

scholarly journals The augmenting effect on insulin secretion by oral versus intravenous glucose is exaggerated by high-fat diet in mice

2008 ◽  
Vol 197 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Ahrén ◽  
Maria Sörhede Winzell ◽  
Giovanni Pacini
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Incretin Effect ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Intravenous Glucose ◽  
Insulin Resistant ◽  
Glucose Levels

To study whether the incretin effect is involved in adaptively increased insulin secretion in insulin resistance, glucose was infused at a variable rate to match glucose levels after oral glucose (25 mg) in normal anesthetized C57BL/6J female mice or in mice rendered insulin resistant by 8 weeks of high-fat feeding. Insulin response was markedly higher after oral than i.v. glucose in both groups, and this augmentation was even higher in high-fat fed than normal mice. In normal mice, the area under the curve (AUCinsulin) was augmented from 4.0±0.8 to 8.0±1.8 nmol/l×60 min by the oral glucose, i.e. by a factor of 2 (P=0.023), whereas in the high-fat fed mice, AUCinsulin was augmented from 0.70±0.4 to 12.4±2.5 nmol/l×60 min, i.e. by a factor of 17 (P<0.001). To examine whether the incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is responsible for this difference, the effect of i.v. GLP-1 was compared in normal and high-fat fed mice. The sensitivity to i.v. GLP-1 in stimulating insulin secretion was increased in the high-fat diet fed mice: the lowest effective dose of GLP-1 was 650 pmol/kg in normal mice and 13 pmol/kg in the high-fat diet fed mice. We conclude that 1) the incretin effect contributes by ∼50% to insulin secretion by the oral glucose in normal mice, 2) this effect is markedly exaggerated in insulin-resistant mice fed a high-fat diet, and 3) this augmented incretin contribution in the high-fat fed mice may partially be explained by GLP-1.

scholarly journals The effect of dietary changes on distinct components of the metabolic syndrome in a young Sri Lankan population at high risk of CVD

2016 ◽  
Vol 116 (4) ◽  
pp. 719-727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Guess ◽  
Mahen Wijesuriya ◽  
Laksha Vasantharajah ◽  
Martin Gulliford ◽  
Giancarlo Viberti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Dietary Advice ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Dietary Changes ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

AbstractSouth Asian populations are predisposed to early onset of the metabolic syndrome. Lifestyle intervention programmes have demonstrated a reduction in the metabolic syndrome and CVD risk; however, the most effective components of the multi-faceted lifestyle interventions are unknown. We studied 2637 Sri Lankan males (n 1237) and females (n 1380), with a mean BMI of 23·9 (sd 4·2) kg/m2, aged 22·5 (sd 10·0) years, who had participated in a 5-year lifestyle-modification programme to examine the effect of dietary changes on distinct components of the metabolic syndrome. The dietary intervention comprised advice to replace polished starches with unpolished starches, high-fat meat and dairy products with low-fat products and high-sugar beverages and snacks with low-sugar varieties. For the purposes of this analysis, data from the control and intensive lifestyle groups were combined. Anthropometric and biochemical data were recorded, and a FFQ was completed annually. Multiple regression was used to determine the effect of the dietary changes on distinct components of the metabolic syndrome. The ratio unpolished:polished rice was inversely related to change in fasting glucose (β=−0·084, P=0·007) and TAG (β=−0·084, P=0·005) and positively associated with change in HDL-cholesterol (β=0·066, P=0·031) at the 5-year follow-up after controlling for relevant confounders. Red meat intake was positively associated with fasting glucose concentrations (β=0·05, P=0·017), whereas low-fat (β=−0·046, P=0·018) but not high-fat dairy products (β=0·003, P=0·853) was inversely related to glucose tolerance at the follow-up visit. Replacement of polished with unpolished rice may be a particularly effective dietary advice in this and similar populations.

scholarly journals Individual Diet Modification Reduces the Metabolic Syndrome in Patients Before Pharmacological Treatment

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 2102
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Elżbieta Zujko ◽  
Marta Rożniata ◽  
Kinga Zujko
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

Modification of lifestyle, including healthy nutrition, is the primary approach for metabolic syndrome (MetS) therapy. The aim of this study was to estimate how individual nutrition intervention affects the reduction of MetS components. Subjects diagnosed with MetS were recruited in the Lomza Medical Centre. The study group consisted of 90 participants and was divided into one intervention group (individual nutrition education group (INEG)) and one control group (CG). The research was conducted over 3 months. The following measurements were obtained during the first visit and after completion of the 3 months intervention: body mass, waist circumference, body composition, blood pressure, fasting glucose, and blood lipids. Dietary assessments were performed before and post-intervention using 3-day 24-h dietary recalls. Dietary knowledge was evaluated with the KomPAN questionnaire. The total polyphenol content of the diet was calculated. Sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics were collected from a self-reported questionnaire. The physical activity was assessed by the short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). It was found that the individual nutrition education was an effective method to improve the knowledge, dietary habits, and physical activity of the study participants. The modification of the diet in terms of higher intake of polyphenols (flavonoids and anthocyanins), fiber, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), PUFA n-3, and lower intake of saturated fatty acids (SFA) had a significant impact on the improvement of some MetS risk factors (waist circumference, fasting glucose, and HDL-cholesterol).

Abstract P050: Glycated Hemoglobin Versus Fasting Glucose in Defining Metabolic Syndrome and Prediction of Coronary Heart Disease

Circulation ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 127 (suppl_12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie K Bower ◽  
Vijay Nambi ◽  
Mariana Lazo ◽  
Andreea Rawlings ◽  
Meredith C Foster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Glycated Hemoglobin ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Diabetes Diagnosis ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
C Statistic ◽  
Definition Of

Introduction. Fasting glucose (FG) is part of the Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) criteria for defining the metabolic syndrome (MetS). Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is a measure of 2-3 month endogenous glucose exposure and is now recommended for diabetes diagnosis and screening for high-risk individuals. The aim of this study was to evaluate if replacing FG with HbA1c to define MetS improves prediction of incident coronary heart disease (CHD) in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) cohort. Methods. We included 11,194 ARIC participants without diabetes (based on diagnosis, medication use, FG ≥126 mg/dL, or HbA1c ≥6.5%) or prevalent CHD at baseline (1990-92). Cox proportional hazards models (adjusted for age, race, and study center) were used to compare the association between MetS defined using HbA1c (5.7-6.4%) or FG (100-125 mg/dL, based on ATP III guidelines) and risk of CHD (defined by myocardial infarction or fatal CHD, event data available through 2009). Results. Study participants had a mean age at baseline of 57 years, 43% were male, and 79% were white; median follow-up time was 16 years. Thirty-four percent of the study population had both normal FG (<100 mg/dL) and HbA1c (<5.7%), 37% had elevated FG and normal HbA1c, 4% had normal FG and elevated HbA1c, and 25% had both elevated FG (100-125 mg/dL) and HbA1c (5.7-6.4%). The association of combined FG and HbA1c categories with incident CHD are shown in the Figure. The adjusted hazard ratio predicting for incident CHD from MetS status was 1.43 (95% CI: 1.25-1.63, c-statistic: 0.61) using FG in the definition of MetS and 1.69 (95% CI: 1.48-1.93, c-statistic: 0.62) in the model replacing FG with HbA1c. Conclusions. Incorporating HbA1c into the definition of the MetS may help in identifying individuals who should be targeted for aggressive CHD risk factor reduction. Additionally, HbA1c may be useful clinically and in research settings for identifying individuals with MetS in cases where FG measures are not available.

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