scholarly journals Origin of a rapidly evolving homeostatic control system programming testis function

2017 ◽  
Vol 234 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengli Bu ◽  
Shintaro Yagi ◽  
Kunio Shiota ◽  
S M Khorshed Alam ◽  
Jay L Vivian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Leydig Cell ◽  
Protein Product ◽  
Specific Pattern ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Alternative Transcript ◽  
Homeostatic Control ◽  
Reproductive Axis ◽  
And Function ◽  
System Programming

Mammals share common strategies for regulating reproduction, including a conserved hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis; yet, individual species exhibit differences in reproductive performance. In this report, we describe the discovery of a species-restricted homeostatic control system programming testis growth and function. Prl3c1 is a member of the prolactin gene family and its protein product (PLP-J) was discovered as a uterine cytokine contributing to the establishment of pregnancy. We utilized mouse mutagenesis of Prl3c1 and revealed its involvement in the regulation of the male reproductive axis. The Prl3c1-null male reproductive phenotype was characterized by testiculomegaly and hyperandrogenism. The larger testes in the Prl3c1-null mice were associated with an expansion of the Leydig cell compartment. Prl3c1 locus is a template for two transcripts (Prl3c1-v1 and Prl3c1-v2) expressed in a tissue-specific pattern. Prl3c1-v1 is expressed in uterine decidua, while Prl3c1-v2 is expressed in Leydig cells of the testis. 5′RACE, chromatin immunoprecipitation and DNA methylation analyses were used to define cell-specific promoter usage and alternative transcript expression. We examined the Prl3c1 locus in five murid rodents and showed that the testicular transcript and encoded protein are the result of a recent retrotransposition event at the Mus musculus Prl3c1 locus. Prl3c1-v1 encodes PLP-J V1 and Prl3c1-v2 encodes PLP-J V2. Each protein exhibits distinct intracellular targeting and actions. PLP-J V2 possesses Leydig cell-static actions consistent with the Prl3c1-null testicular phenotype. Analysis of the biology of the Prl3c1 gene has provided insight into a previously unappreciated homeostatic setpoint control system programming testicular growth and function.

Novel ABCD1 gene mutations in Iranian pedigrees with X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (11) ◽  
pp. 1207-1215
Author(s):  
Babak Emamalizadeh ◽  
Yousef Daneshmandpour ◽  
Abbas Tafakhori ◽  
Sakineh Ranji-Burachaloo ◽  
Sajad Shafiee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Structure ◽  
Direct Sequencing ◽  
Gene Mutations ◽  
Protein Product ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Novel Mutations ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Abcd1 Gene ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
And Function

Abstract Background X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD), the most common peroxisomal disorder, is caused by mutations in the ABCD1 gene located on Xq28. X-ALD is characterized by a spectrum of different manifestations varying in patients and families. Methods Four pedigrees with X-ALD consisting of patients and healthy members were selected for investigation of ABCD1 gene mutations. The mutation analysis was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by direct sequencing of all exons. The identified mutations were investigated using bioinformatics tools to predict their effects on the protein product and also to compare the mutated sequence with close species. Results One previously known missense mutation (c.1978 C > T) and three novel mutations (c.1797dupT, c.879delC, c.1218 C > G) were identified in the ABCD1 gene, each in one family. Predicting the effects of the mutations on protein structure and function indicated the probable damaging effect for them with significant alterations in the protein structure. We found three novel mutations in the ABCD1 gene with damaging effects on its protein product and responsible for X-ALD.

scholarly journals Changes in Leydig Cell Ultrastructure and Function during Pubertal Development in the Boar1

1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. D. Lunstra ◽  
J. J. Ford ◽  
R. K. Christenson ◽  
R. D. Allrich
Keyword(s):  
Leydig Cell ◽  
Pubertal Development ◽  
Cell Ultrastructure ◽  
Ultrastructure And Function ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals Serum levels of insulin-like factor 3, anti-Müllerian hormone, inhibin B, and testosterone during pubertal transition in healthy boys: a longitudinal pilot study

Reproduction ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 147 (4) ◽  
pp. 529-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Lindhardt Johansen ◽  
Ravinder Anand-Ivell ◽  
Annette Mouritsen ◽  
Casper P Hagen ◽  
Mikkel G Mieritz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leydig Cell ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Reproductive Hormones ◽  
Inhibin B ◽  
Testicular Volume ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Pubertal Onset ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
And Function

Insulin-like factor 3 (INSL3) is a promising marker of Leydig cell function with potentially high clinical relevance. Limited data of INSL3 levels in relation to other reproductive hormones in healthy pubertal boys exist. In this study, we aimed to evaluate longitudinal serum changes in INSL3 compared with LH, FSH, testosterone, inhibin B, and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) during puberty in healthy boys. Ten boys were included from the longitudinal part of the COPENHAGEN Puberty Study. Pubertal evaluation, including testicular volume, was performed and blood samples were drawn every 6 months for 5 years. Serum concentrations of testosterone were determined by a newly developed LC–MS/MS method, and serum concentrations of INSL3, AMH, inhibin B, FSH, and LH respectively were determined by validated immunoassays. The results showed that serum INSL3 levels increased progressively with increasing age, pubertal onset, and testicular volume. In six of the ten boys, LH increased before the first observed increase in INSL3. In the remaining four boys, the increase in LH and INSL3 was observed at the same examination. The increases in serum concentrations of LH, testosterone, and INSL3 were not parallel or in ordered succession and varied interindividually. We demonstrated that INSL3 concentrations were tightly associated with pubertal onset and increasing testicular volume. However, the pubertal increases in LH, INSL3, and testosterone concentrations were not entirely parallel, suggesting that INSL3 and testosterone may be regulated differently. Thus, we speculate that INSL3 provides additional information on Leydig cell differentiation and function during puberty compared with traditional markers of testicular function.

Intelligent System of Converting Station Information Centralized Control Based on RC3000

2013 ◽  
Vol 473 ◽  
pp. 143-147
Author(s):  
Ya Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Power System ◽  
Optical Communication ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Intelligent System ◽  
Centralized Control ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Communication Engineering ◽  
And Function

This paper has briefly introduced the construction situation of centralized control station (CCS) of Xuchang Power Supply Company, the modes and components status of Information Centralized Control System (ICCS), and analyzed the its existing problems and shortage. This paper has mainly stated the equipment features and function properties of RC3000, and described construction components and superiorities of ICCS in detail. It is meaningful for the construction of power system fibre-optical communication engineering and CCS in reference.

scholarly journals Human RNA polymerase II subunit hsRPB7 functions in yeast and influences stress survival and cell morphology.

1995 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 759-775 ◽  
Author(s):  
V Khazak ◽  
P P Sadhale ◽  
N A Woychik ◽  
R Brent ◽  
E A Golemis
Keyword(s):  
Rna Polymerase ◽  
Rna Polymerase Ii ◽  
Specific Pattern ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Human Genes ◽  
Complete Set ◽  
High And Low Temperatures ◽  
And Function ◽  
Two Hybrid ◽  
Potential Regulatory Role

Using a screen to identify human genes that promote pseudohyphal conversion in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we obtained a cDNA encoding hsRPB7, a human homologue of the seventh largest subunit of yeast RNA polymerase II (RPB7). Overexpression of yeast RPB7 in a comparable strain background caused more pronounced cell elongation than overexpression of hsRPB7. hsRPB7 sequence and function are strongly conserved with its yeast counterpart because its expression can rescue deletion of the essential RPB7 gene at moderate temperatures. Further, immuno-precipitation of RNA polymerase II from yeast cells containing hsRPB7 revealed that the hsRPB7 assembles the complete set of 11 other yeast subunits. However, at temperature extremes and during maintenance at stationary phase, hsRPB7-containing yeast cells lose viability rapidly, stress-sensitive phenotypes reminiscent of those associated with deletion of the RPB4 subunit with which RPB7 normally complexes. Two-hybrid analysis revealed that although hsRPB7 and RPB4 interact, the association is of lower affinity than the RPB4-RPB7 interaction, providing a probable mechanism for the failure of hsRPB7 to fully function in yeast cells at high and low temperatures. Finally, surprisingly, hsRPB7 RNA in human cells is expressed in a tissue-specific pattern that differs from that of the RNA polymerase II largest subunit, implying a potential regulatory role for hsRPB7. Taken together, these results suggest that some RPB7 functions may be analogous to those possessed by the stress-specific prokaryotic sigma factor rpoS.

scholarly journals Aim44p regulates phosphorylation of Hof1p to promote contractile ring closure during cytokinesis in budding yeast

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 753-762 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana M. Alessi Wolken ◽  
Joseph McInnes ◽  
Liza A. Pon
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Protein Product ◽  
Ring Closure ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Contractile Ring ◽  
Double Ring ◽  
Mother And Daughter ◽  
Associated Proteins ◽  
And Function ◽  
Type Ii Myosin

Whereas actomyosin and septin ring organization and function in cytokinesis are thoroughly described, little is known regarding the mechanisms by which the actomyosin ring interacts with septins and associated proteins to coordinate cell division. Here we show that the protein product of YPL158C, Aim44p, undergoes septin-dependent recruitment to the site of cell division. Aim44p colocalizes with Myo1p, the type II myosin of the contractile ring, throughout most of the cell cycle. The Aim44p ring does not contract when the actomyosin ring closes. Instead, it forms a double ring that associates with septin rings on mother and daughter cells after cell separation. Deletion of AIM44 results in defects in contractile ring closure. Aim44p coimmunoprecipitates with Hof1p, a conserved F-BAR protein that binds both septins and type II myosins and promotes contractile ring closure. Deletion of AIM44 results in a delay in Hof1p phosphorylation and altered Hof1p localization. Finally, overexpression of Dbf2p, a kinase that phosphorylates Hof1p and is required for relocalization of Hof1p from septin rings to the contractile ring and for Hof1p-triggered contractile ring closure, rescues the cytokinesis defect observed in aim44∆ cells. Our studies reveal a novel role for Aim44p in regulating contractile ring closure through effects on Hof1p.

Digital Control System Development for an Intercooled Recuperated Gas Turbine

1995 ◽  
Vol 117 (1) ◽  
pp. 172-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Carlson ◽  
P. M. West ◽  
D. E. Azouz
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Output Power ◽  
System Development ◽  
Open Architecture ◽  
Primary Control ◽  
Control Functions ◽  
Using Data ◽  
High Level ◽  
And Function

The on-going development of a full authority digital engine control (FADEC) system for the US Navy’s Intercooled Recuperated (ICR) gas turbine requires a high level of system coordination to achieve the primary benefits of reduced specific fuel consumption and improved specific output power relative to a simple cycle engine. This paper describes the system requirements analysis and the implementation of control algorithms leading to the preliminary ICR control system design. The ICR control system is required to coordinate the actions of over 30 actuators using data taken from over 150 sensors. Primary control of the engine output power is provided by regulation of the fuel metering valve. Thermal management of the intercooler, recuperator, and variable area power turbine nozzle results in maximum cycle efficiency within safe operating limits. The new electronic engine controller (EEC) is based on a new open architecture Futurebus + backplane and is fully redundant in all operationally critical control functions. The EEC also features an operating panel and video display for local operation and maintenance of the control system. The graphic display and function keys provide access to control functions as well as assisting maintenance activities with built-in test diagnostics to trouble shoot failed circuitry.

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