scholarly journals Plasma progesterone and gonadotrophin concentrations and ovarian activity in post-partum dairy cows

Reproduction ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Webb ◽  
G. E. Lamming ◽  
N. B. Haynes ◽  
G. R. Foxcroft
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Ovarian Activity ◽  
Plasma Progesterone

Studies on plasma progesterone concentrations and fertility in Friesland dairy cows during the post-partum period

1981 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 649-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. H. Holness ◽  
G. W. Sprowson ◽  
Carole Sheward ◽  
Amanda Geel
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Ovarian Activity ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Post Partum Period ◽  
Embryo Loss

SUMMARYPlasma progesterone concentrations were monitored in 69 lactating Friesland dairy cows during the post-partum period. Cyclic ovarian activity resumed in most cows within 40 days of calving. Forty-eight per cent of cows remained pregnant to their first insemination, 41% returned to oestrus before day 30 after insemination, and a further 11% returned to oestrus between days 30 and 88 after insemination.The mean of progesterone values on days 11 to 4 before insemination tended to be higher in cows that conceived than in cows that did not conceive. These differences were signficant on day –8 (P <0·05) and on days –8, –7, –6 and –5 combined (P <0·01). Cows in which the concentration of progesterone in plasma did not rise above 4·5 ng/ml during this period did not conceive. After insemination, mean progesterone concentrations between pregnant and non-pregnant cows diverged after day +8. Relatively low concentrations of plasma progesterone (< 1 ng/ml) up to day +8 after insemination did not preclude conception. There was no indication that embryo loss between days +30 and +88 after insemination was related to an insufficiency of ovarian progesterone during early pregnancy.

PERIPHERAL PLASMA PROGESTERONE CONCENTRATION OF COWS DURING PUBERTY, OESTROUS CYCLES, PREGNANCY AND LACTATION, AND THE EFFECTS OF UNDER-NUTRITION OR EXOGENOUS OXYTOCIN ON PROGESTERONE CONCENTRATION

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 599-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. DONALDSON ◽  
J. M. BASSETT ◽  
G. D. THORBURN
Keyword(s):  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Ovarian Activity ◽  
Progesterone Concentration ◽  
Slow Increase ◽  
Normal Cycle ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Peripheral Plasma ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation

SUMMARY Progesterone concentrations in the peripheral plasma of cows were measured by a protein-binding radioassay method. The mean concentration was lowest at oestrus (0·44 ng/ml) and then increased to a maximum of 6·8 ng/ml about day 14 of the 21-day cycle. The concentration decreased rapidly during the last 4 days of the cycle, reaching low levels on the day before oestrus. There were no significant changes in progesterone concentration during oestrus. After ovariectomy the plasma progesterone concentration decreased to a very low level (< 0·4 ng/ml). After hysterectomy, progesterone concentrations remained high for longer than in a normal cycle. At puberty, plasma progesterone concentrations indicated cyclic ovarian activity before the first observed oestrus. Daily treatment of cows with oxytocin (0·4 u./kg body weight) from day 2 reduced the oestrous cycle length to 9 days, but did not significantly alter the slow increase in plasma progesterone concentration during the first 5 days of the cycle. Plasma progesterone concentrations decreased again after day 5 to low values. Plasma progesterone concentration during early pregnancy was similar to the luteal phase value (4–6 ng/ml), declined during mid-pregnancy and then increased to a maximum (7–8 ng/ml) at about 240 days gestation. The concentration declined 2–3 weeks before calving. During lactation progesterone concentrations were very low until the resumption of cyclic ovarian activity. The first post-partum cycle, whether accompanied by observed oestrus or not, was usually preceded by a small increase in plasma progesterone concentration 3–5 days before the start of the cycle. Undernutrition significantly increased plasma progesterone concentrations in mid- and late pregnancy. Undernutrition of non-pregnant cows increased progesterone concentrations during the luteal phase of the first cycle, but reduced it in later cycles.

Oestrous and ovarian activities of Finn-cross ewes during the post-partum and the seasonal anoestrous periods

1984 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Amir ◽  
Miriam Rosenberg ◽  
H. Schindler
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Activity ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Ovarian Activity ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Oestrus Induction ◽  
Autumn And Winter

SummaryThe seasonal and post-partum oestrus occurrence and ovarian activity, assessed by the plasma progesterone concentrations, were studied in Finn-cross ewes following autumn and winter lambings.The last seasonal oestrous cycle was followed by a silent ovulation in C0% of the Finn × Awassi ewes. Silent ovulations during midanoestrus occurred in 50% of the ewes, and in 90% of the animals a silent ovulation preceded the normal resumption of the seasonal sexual activity.The first post-partum oestrus occurred within C0 days after October lambings in about 90% of the ewes. Silent ovulations before the first post-partum oestrus were evident in 70% of the recycling ewes.It is suggested that breeding ewes with ovarian activity after oestrus induction during anoestrous periods might increase the reproductive performance of the flock in a frequent lambing system.

Energy balance in transition cows and its association with health, reproduction and milk production

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (06) ◽  
pp. 341-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Nakao ◽  
M. Hoedemaker ◽  
C. Furken
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Loose Body ◽  
Ovarian Activity ◽  
Subclinical Ketosis ◽  
Time Periods

SummaryObjective: It was the purpose of this study to determine the effects of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) concentrations at different time periods of the transition period as well as lactation number on metabolism, health, reproduction and milk production in dairy cows. Material and methods: This trial was conducted in a single dairy herd located in Northern Germany. Of the herd, which comprised 330 lactating Holstein cows housed in a free stall barn and fed a total mixed ration (TMR), 83 primiparous and multiparous cows were randomly selected. Animals were checked for body condition score (BCS), locomo tion score, calving data, quality of colostrum, reproductive measures, daily rectal temperature of the first 10 days post-partum (p. p.), health data and culling rates up to 200 days in milk (DIM) as well as milk production until 305 DIM. Three different time periods were considered: 3 and 1 week ante partum (a. p.); partus and 1 week p. p.; 3 weeks p. p. Results: Animals with NEFA concentrations 0.4 mmol/l ante partum had a higher risk of no ovarian activity in week 5 p. p. and of subclinical ketosis post partum than cows with lower NEFA concentrations (p < 0.05). Cows with NEFA concentrations 1.1 mmol/l in week 1 p. p., in comparison to those with lower NEFA concentrations, showed a higher prevalence of clinical ketosis (24.1% vs. 5.9%), subclinical ketosis (62.1% vs. 34.0%) and culling rate within 200 DIM (34.5% vs. 14.0%) (p < 0.05). Cows with NEFA concentrations 0.3 mmol/l at week 3 p. p. had higher 100- and 305-day milk yields than cows with lower NEFA concentrations (p < 0.05). First lactating heifers were at higher risk to loose body condition ante partum, of dystocia, fever within the first 10 DIM, metritis, clinical and subclinical ketosis as well as to develop a disease within the first 30 DIM (p < 0.05). Multipara were more likely to loose body condition after calving, to a prolonged calving to first service interval and to higher milk yields (p < 0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion increased NEFA concentrations during the transition period as well as parity can have an influence on health, production and reproduction of dairy cows.

Relationship between plasma leptin concentration and reproductive function in dairy cows

2002 ◽  
Vol 2002 ◽  
pp. 2-2 ◽  
Author(s):  
GE Mann ◽  
D Blache
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Progesterone Concentration ◽  
Metabolic Demand ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Progesterone Secretion ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Plasma Leptin

In modern dairy cows, poor fertility is an ever-increasing problem. Milk progesterone analysis has revealed that this poor fertility is associated with a high incidence of reproductive cycle problems during the post partum period and with reduced progesterone secretion following mating. One of the likely causes of these problems is the increasing metabolic demand placed on these cows by increasing milk yield. In recent years, the search for an endocrine link between nutritional status and reproductive function has focussed on leptin. The aim of the present study was to determine whether plasma concentrations of leptin differ between cows with and without post partum reproductive problems and to determine if any relationship exists between plasma leptin and post mating plasma progesterone concentration.

scholarly journals Ovarian activity in Fleckvieh, Brown Swiss and two strains of Holstein-Friesian cows in pasture-based, seasonal calving dairy systems

2011 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 464-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valérie Piccand ◽  
Susanne Meier ◽  
Erwan Cutullic ◽  
Sara Weilenmann ◽  
Peter Thomet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
The Other ◽  
Breeding Period ◽  
Ovarian Activity ◽  
Brown Swiss ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Condition Score

The objectives of the study were to compare the ovarian activity of Holstein-Friesian (CH HF), Fleckvieh (CH FV) and Brown Swiss (CH BS) dairy cows of Swiss origin with that of Holstein-Friesian (NZ HF) dairy cows of New Zealand origin, the latter being used as a reference for reproductive performance in pasture-based seasonal calving systems. Fifty, second-lactation NZ HF cows were each paired with a second-lactation Swiss cow (17, 15 and 18 CH HF, CH FV and CH BS respectively) in 13 pasture-based, seasonal-calving commercial dairy farms in Switzerland. Ovarian activity was monitored by progesterone profiling from calving to first breeding service. CH BS cows produced less energy-corrected milk (mean 22·8 kg/d) than the other breeds (26·0–26·5 kg/d) during the first 100 d of lactation. CH HF cows had the lowest body condition score (BCS) at calving and the greatest BCS loss from calving to 30 d post partum. Commencement of luteal activity (CLA) was later for NZ HF than for CH FV (51·5 v. 29·2 d; P <0·01), with CH HF and CH BS intermediate (43 d). On average, NZ HF and CH HF cows had one oestrous cycle before the onset of the seasonal breeding period; this was less (P<0·01) than either CH FV (1·7) or CH BS (1·6). There was a low prevalence of luteal persistency (3%) among the studied cows. First and second oestrous cycle inter-ovulatory intervals did not differ between breeds (20·5–22·6 d). The luteal phase length of CH BS during the second cycle was shorter (10·6 d) than that of the other breeds (13·8–16·0 d), but the inter-luteal interval was longer (9·8 d v. 7·0–8·0 d). The results suggest that the Swiss breeds investigated have a shorter interval from calving to CLA than NZ HF cows.

The incidence of prolonged luteal function following early resumption of ovarian activity in post partum dairy cows

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 187-187
Author(s):  
P.J.H. Ball ◽  
E.E.A. McEwan
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Subsequent Pregnancy ◽  
Ovarian Activity ◽  
Luteal Function ◽  
Milk Samples

Early onset of ovarian activity post partum is thought to benefit reproductive performance in dairy cows (e.g. Darwash et al., 1997). However, as in the lactating ewe (Aitken et al., 1995), very early resumption may be detrimental to subsequent conception. An experiment was conducted to determine whether cows commencing ovarian activity very early would be more likely to suffer problems such as prolonged luteal function.Milk samples were collected from 133 individual multiparous cows three times a week, from approximately one week after calving until the subsequent pregnancy was well established. Profiles of progesterone, measured by ELISA, were used to detect the start of ovarian activity, prolonged luteal function (high values until 24 or more days after the start of ovarian activity or subsequent ovulations), and pregnancy.

Relationships between energy balance and post-partum ovarian activity and fertility in first lactation dairy cows

1996 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. Senatore ◽  
W. R. Butler ◽  
P. A. Oltenacu
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Ovarian Activity ◽  
Subsequent Fertility

AbstractForty primiparous Holstein dairy cows were monitored from calving through 100 days in milk to evaluate the effect of energy balance in the early post-partum period on subsequent fertility. The post-partum interval to first ovulation (R2 = 0·41; P < 0·005) was lengthened by greater negative energy balance, and reduced by greater body weight at parturition or decreased body-weight loss during the experimental period. Luteal activity (R2 = 0·58; P < 0·0001), measured by plasma progesterone area under curve, was increased in the first cycle post partum by a shorter interval to first ovulation, improved energy balance during the 1st week of lactation and by decreased body-weight loss. Pregnancy status following first artificial insemination was related positively to the number of ovulations before insemination, improved energy balance during the 1st month post partum, fewer days to first ovulation and greater body weight at calving. These data suggest that energy balance and body weight are important in determining the post-partum interval to first ovulation and the subsequent fertility of first lactation dairy cotes.

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