scholarly journals Hydrogeological vulnerability in Jacó coastal aquifers, Central Pacific, Costa Rica

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (63) ◽  
pp. 165-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicia Gómez-Cruz ◽  
Helga Madrigal-Solís ◽  
Christian Núñez-Solís ◽  
Hazel Calderón-Sánchez ◽  
Pablo Jiménez-Gavilán
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Alluvial Plain ◽  
Mountainous Areas ◽  
Central Pacific ◽  
Field Verification ◽  
Vulnerability Map ◽  
Management Recommendations

In the last two decades, the Central Pacific of Costa Rica experienced a strong growth in urban and tourism development. If not regulated, this development can result in a pressure to groundwater resources and, therefore, a threat in terms of quality and quantity. In this study, a hydrogeological vulnerability map of Jacó aquifers was performed, by the GOD method. Geological profiles were elaborated, and field verification was performed. It is confirmed that, in the study area, two aquifers are found: a) a detritic, porous, unconfined coastal aquifer, settled in the Jacó alluvial plain and, b) an aquifer in the basaltic fractured rocks of the Nicoya Complex, unconfined in the mountainous zone and underlying the detritic formation in the central area, where the groundwater is integrated to that of the detrital aquifer. The zone of the alluvial aquifer resulted in a medium vulnerability index, whereas the mountainous areas in a low vulnerability. Management recommendations were proposed.

scholarly journals Analysis of the threat of groundwater contamination in the Jacó aquifer, Central Pacific, Costa Rica

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-70
Author(s):  
Ricardo A. Orozco-Montoya ◽  
Helga Madrigal-Solís ◽  
Christian Vargas-Bolaños ◽  
Lidia Orias-Arguedas
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Groundwater Contamination ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Pollution Sources ◽  
Floating Population ◽  
Central Pacific ◽  
Total Potential ◽  
Public Drinking Water ◽  
Potential Pollution

[Introduction]: In Costa Rica, more than 70 % of the public drinking water supply comes from groundwater sources. In the coastal city of Jacó, on the Central Pacific Coast of Costa Rica, tourism activity is essential for economic development and groundwater represents a source for supplying tourists and residents. [Objective]: This research aims to characterize the threats of groundwater contamination to the coastal aquifer of Jacó due to human activities, based on land use analysis, characterization of potential pollution sources and, estimation of the floating population related to tourist activity. [Methodology]: An inventory of potential pollution sources was carried out through the location of human/anthropogenic activities. Potential point, diffuse and linear sources were classified based on the Pollutant Origin Surcharge Hydraulically (POSH) method, as activities with high, medium and low potential generating pollutant load (threat) [Results]: Of the total potential sources, 0.5 % correspond to activities with high potential, 14.0 % medium potential and 23.5 % low potential, and 62.0 % null potential. Out of 129 point pollution sources, 64.3 % were classified as medium threat activities due to the storage and handling of potentially polluting chemicals. Although the sources of high threat are those of lesser occurrence in the study area, they can generate greater negative impacts on groundwater resources. These are located mainly in the urban area of the city where the floating population reaches more than 12 000 people during the holidays, so their potential for pollutant loading could rise during this period. [Conclusions]: The results will be considered in territory planning, which seeks to reduce the probability of groundwater contamination in Jacó.

scholarly journals Mapping of Groundwater Vulnerability Index in the Alluvial Plain of Semarang City Using the Susceptibility Index Method

2019 ◽  
Vol 125 ◽  
pp. 01010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adetya Arga Marjuanto ◽  
Thomas Triadi Putranto ◽  
Denny Nugroho Sugianto
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Groundwater Vulnerability ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Alluvial Plain ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Index Method ◽  
Plain Area ◽  
Susceptibility Index ◽  
Negative Impacts

One of the negative impacts of settlements and urbanization is the decline in groundwater quality. In maintaining the sustainability of groundwater for a long period of time, a special study is needed, which can be done by examining groundwater vulnerability. The alluvial plain of Semarang City currently faces environmental problems such as degradation of groundwater quality which is the negative impact of the settlement, The purpose of this study was to examine groundwater vulnerability in the alluvial plain area of Semarang City. The Susceptibility Index method is using a spatial analysis tool based on rating and weighting value of some parameters, i.e. Depth of groundwater, recharge, aquifer media, slope, and land use. The result of this research reveals that about 41.3% area is covered under the high vulnerable zone, 50.3% area under moderately vulnerable zone and 8.4% area under the low vulnerable zone. 7 sub districts namely Tugu, Semarang Barat, Semarang Utara, Semarang Timur, Gayamsari, Pedurungan and Genuk, most of which are in the high vulnerability zone. Whereas the Ngaliyan, Semarang Selatan, Semarang Tengah, Candisari, and Gajah Mungkur, which are mostly in the low to moderate vulnerability zones.

scholarly journals Hydromorphology of the Unconfined Groundwater in the South of Klaten District (Data Before Earthquake Mei 27th 2006)

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Langgeng Wahyu Santosa
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Alluvial Plain ◽  
Type I ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
Groundwater Resources Management ◽  
Hydrochemical Type

There are some characteristics and distributions of unconfined groundwater variation in the research area. Those are related to a system of water supply and consumptive use for drinking water. Variation of the groundwater characteristic depends on variation of morphology. Therefore, it is needed to delineate hydromorphology units of the regions as a base on groundwater resources management, especially for drinking water. The aims of the research are: (1) to study of the characteristic and distribution of unconfined groundwater variations base on landform units, (2) to study the factors that affect such variations, and (3) to establish the hydromorphology units of the regions for groundwater resources management, especially for drinking water. The method used in this research is landform approach and field survey. The sampling method is stratified sampling, based on landform as the analysis approach. Result of the research shows that there are some variations of groundwater characteristic at each landform. Landforms which have good groundwater characteristic are Hydromorphology Unit of Fluvio Volcanic Plain of Young Merapi (except Bayat region) and Hydromorphology Unit of Volcanic Foot Plain of Young Merapi. At those units, there are good quality of groundwater, bicarbonate water (hydrochemical type I), having low electric conductivity, shallow of water table, low in fluctuation, and middle to fast class in aquifer permeability. Those units are the most potential unconfined groundwater resources management for drinking water. The units which have poor groundwater characteristic are Hidromorphology Unit in Bayat Region, including Undulating Alluvial Plain, Fluvio Volcanic Plain of Young Merapi, and Swamp Alluvial Plain. Generally, the groundwater quality is medium to poor, the hydrochemical type is Va (initiation process of connate water) and type III (evaporate water), shallow up to medium of water table, and low to middle class of aquifer permeability. The taste of groundwater is brackish to saline with high concentration of chloride.

scholarly journals White spot syndrome virus and Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei in shrimp farms in Costa Rica

2020 ◽  
pp. 479-489
Author(s):  
Nelson Peña Navarro ◽  
Ruth Castro Vásquez ◽  
Gaby Dolz
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
White Spot Syndrome Virus ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
White Spot ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Central Pacific ◽  
White Spot Syndrome ◽  
Enterocytozoon Hepatopenaei ◽  
Shrimp Farms

Introduction. The white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) causes systemic destruction of ectodermal and mesodermal tissues in shrimp and can cause 100 % mortality. Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) is an intracellular microsporidian that causes lysis of epithelial cells in hepatopancreatic tubules in shrimp. Objective. Detect the presence of WSSV and EHP in fifteen shrimp farms in the Gulf of Nicoya and the Central Pacific from Costa Rica. Materials and methods. Between January 2017 and July 2018 water during the filling process of the pond, postlarvae, and juvenile shrimp of Penaeus vannamei was collected, during a production cycle in each one of the fifteen farms. Samples were analyzed through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using primers and protocols to detect the VP41B gene in WSSV, and the small subunit ribosomal RNA gene of EHP. Results. The presence of WSSV was detected in one farm, while EHP was not detected in any of the fifteen farms. The sequencing of the amplified segments of the VP41B gene showed 100 % identity with isolated shrimp sequences in Taiwan and Mexico. Conclusion. WSSV was detected at a very low frequency and EHP was not detected in this study. It is necessary to continue monitoring these agents in the country’s shrimp farms.

scholarly journals Two new species of Pleurothallis (Orchidaceae: Pleurothallidinae) from Costa Rica in the P. phyllocardia group

Lankesteriana ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Franco Pupulin ◽  
Melissa Díaz-Morales ◽  
Melania Fernández ◽  
Jaime Aguilar
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Mountain Region ◽  
Central Pacific ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
The Caribbean

Two new species of Pleurothallis subsection Macrophyllae-Fasciculatae from Costa Rica are described and illustrated, and their relationships discussed. Pleurothallis pudica, from the central Pacific mountain region, is compared with P. phyllocardia, but it is easily recognized by the densely pubescent- hirsute flowers. Pleurothallis luna-crescens, from the Caribbean slope of the Talamanca chain, is compared with P. radula and P. rectipetala, from which it is distinguished by the dark purple flowers and the distinctly longer, dentate petals, respectively. A key to the species of the group in Costa Rica and western Panama is presented.

scholarly journals Mikrozonasi di Daerah Plampang, Nusa Tenggara Barat

EKSPLORIUM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Eko Rudi Iswanto ◽  
Theo Alvin Riyanto ◽  
Hadi Suntoko
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Vulnerability ◽  
Volcanic Rocks ◽  
Spectral Ratio ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Tectonic Activity ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
The North ◽  
Vulnerability Maps ◽  
Vulnerability Map ◽  
Microtremor Measurement

ABSTRAK Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat (NTB) merupakan daerah dengan aktivitas kegempaan yang tinggi. Fenomena ini disebabkan oleh adanya aktivitas tektonik sebagai akibat pertemuan Lempeng Eurasia-Australia (zona subduksi) di bagian selatan dan Sesar Flores di bagian utara serta adanya keberadaan sesar-sesar lokal. Terkait dengan rencana pengembangan kawasan Samota di Pulau Sumbawa, NTB, perlu dilakukan suatu kajian kegempaan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah memetakan indeks kerentanan seismik (Kg) melalui pengukuran mikrotremor dengan analisis menggunakan metode Horizontal to Vertical Spectral Ratio (HVSR). Hasil penelitian berupa peta kerentanan seismik daerah Plampang yang menunjukkan bahwa sisi utara lokasi penelitian memiliki indeks kerentanan seismik rendah yang ditandai dengan nilai amplifikasi kurang dari tiga jika dibandingkan daerah lainnya. Geologi sisi utara lokasi penelitian tersusun oleh batuan gunung api dengan karakteristik batuan keras, ketebalan sedimen sangat tipis, dan tersusun atas batuan Tersier atau lebih tua. Peta kerentanan seismik berguna sebagai acuan dalam mitigasi gempa bumi untuk mengurangi risiko yang ditimbulkan. ABSTRACT Nusa Tenggara Barat (NTB) Province is an area with intense seismic activity. This phenomenon is caused by tectonic activity as the result of the convergency of the Eurasia-Australia Plates (subduction zone) in the south and the Flores Fault in the north as well as the presence of local faults. Regarding the plan to develop the Samota area in Sumbawa Island, NTB, a study concerning earthquakes should be done. The purpose of this study is to map the seismic vulnerability index (Kg) through microtremor measurement by using the Horizontal to Vertical Spectral Ratio (HVSR) analysis method. The result of the study is a seismic vulnerability map of the Plampang area which its northern part has a low seismic vulnerability index indicated by the amplification factor value of less than three compared to other areas. The geology of the northern part of the Plampang area consists of volcanic rocks which has hard rock characteristic, very thin sediment thickness, and composed of Tertiary or older rocks. Seismic vulnerability maps can be useful as a reference for earthquake mitigation to reduce its risks.

scholarly journals Relación entre el estrés y las bacterias entomopatógenas Pantoea (Erwinia) agglomerans (herbicola) y Bacillus cereus en jobotos (Col: Melolonthidae) (Phyllophaga spp., Anomala spp. y Cyclocephala spp.), en Costa Rica.

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Edgar Vargas ◽  
Giselle Abarca
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Central Valley ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Pantoea Agglomerans ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
White Grub ◽  
Central Pacific ◽  
White Grubs ◽  
Factors Affecting

Concentrations of Colony Forming Units (CFU) were determined for two entomopathogenic bacteria (Pantoea agglomerans and Bacillus cereus), at the egg, larval, pupal, and adult stages of agriculturally important Phyllophaga and Cyclocephala white grubs, which were collected in five agroecosystems in Costa Rica. L2 and L3  larvae of Phyllophaga elenans collected in all regions where the study was conducted were extensive carriers of Pantoea agglomerans and Bacillus cereu. L2 and L3 larvae of Phyllophaga obsoleta, Phyllophaga menetriesi, Cyclocephala sanguinicollis and Cyclocephala castaniella found in the Central Valley and Central Pacific regions were carriers of Pantoea agglomerans and Bacillus cereus bacteria. In 60% to 90% of larvae in all white grub varieties studied, Pantoea agglomerans showed greater concentrations of CFU than Bacillus cereu, which showed the lowest CFU concentration. Egg, pupal, and adult mortality in all Phyllophaga species was due to Pantoea agglomerans in 62%, 80% and 22.5% of the cases, respectively. A possible antagonistic interaction between Pantoea agglomerans and Bacillus cereus is also discussed. In general, it was noted that light and larval manipulation were the main stress factors affecting these scarabids.

Evaluation of the groundwater resources vulnerability index using nitrate concentration prediction approach

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Hamid Kardan Moghaddam ◽  
Zahra Rahimzadeh kivi ◽  
Masoud Bahreinimotlagh ◽  
Hossein Kardan Moghddam
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Concentration ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Prediction Approach ◽  
Concentration Prediction
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document