scholarly journals Effects of pilot hole diameter and depth on screw driving torques in plywood

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 8121-8132
Author(s):  
Onder Tor ◽  
Emre Birinci ◽  
Lingling Hu ◽  
Chen Chen
Keyword(s):  
Medium Density Fiberboard ◽  
Metal Plate ◽  
Hole Diameter ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Pilot Hole ◽  
Oriented Strandboard ◽  
Number Of Layers ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Screw Driving ◽  
Main Effects

Factors affecting screw driving torques in plywood were investigated in this work. The factors were number of layers (7 and 9), pilot hole diameter (3.0 and 3.5 mm), pilot hole depth (60 and 80% of the thickness of specimen), and thickness of the metal plate (7.5 and 10 mm). Screw driving torques were studied in oriented strandboard, medium-density fiberboard, particleboard, and some wood-plastic composites. There is no such information about screw driving torques in plywood (PW). Therefore, this study focused on the plywood made of aspen (Populus tremula L.). The mean seating torque (SET) values ranged from 0.31 to 0.69 N∙m, whereas mean stripping torque (STT) values ranged from 0.50 to 4.7 N∙m. The ratios of STT/SET were between 2 and 5 in PW with seven layers, whereas the ratios were between 4 and 7 in PW with nine layers. The results indicated that the four main effects of SET and STT were statistically significant with p-values of ˂ 0.0001.

scholarly journals Digit Variability in Carotenoid Scores Obtained with the Veggie Meter: A Pilot Study (P02-001-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Velarie Ansu ◽  
Stephanie Dickinson ◽  
Alyce Fly
Keyword(s):  
Indiana University ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Right Hand ◽  
Period Data ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Mean Square Errors

Abstract Objectives To determine which digit and hand have the highest and lowest skin carotenoid scores, to compare inter-and-intra-hand variability of digits, and to determine if results are consistent with another subject. Methods Two subjects’ first(F1), second(F2), third(F3) and fifth(F5) digits on both hands were measured for skin carotenoids with a Veggie Meter, for 3 times on each of 18 days over a 37-day period. Data were subjected to ANOVA in a factorial treatment design to determine main effects for hand (2 levels), digits (4), and days (18) along with interactions. Differences between digits were determined by Tukey's post hoc test. Results There were significant hand x digit, hand x day, digit x day, and hand x digit x day interactions and significant simple main effects for hand, digit, and day (all P < 0.001). Mean square errors were 143.67 and 195.62 for subject A and B, respectively, which were smaller than mean squares for all main effects and interactions. The mean scores ± SD for F1, F2, F3, and F5 digits for the right vs left hands for subject A were F1:357.13 ± 45.97 vs 363.74 ± 46.94, F2:403.17 ± 44.77 vs. 353.20 ± 44.13, F3:406.76 ± 43.10 vs. 357.11 ± 45.13, and F5:374.95 ± 53.00 vs. 377.90 ± 47.38. For subject B, the mean scores ± SD for digits for the right vs left hands were F1:294.72 ± 61.63 vs 280.71 ± 52.48, F2:285.85 ± 66.92 vs 252.67 ± 67.56, F3:268.56 ± 57.03 vs 283.22 ± 45.87, and F5:288.18 ± 34.46 vs 307.54 ± 40.04. The digits on the right hand of both subjects had higher carotenoid scores than those on the left hands, even though subjects had different dominant hands. Subject A had higher skin carotenoid scores on the F3 and F2 digits for the right hand and F5 on the left hand. Subject B had higher skin carotenoid scores on F5 (right) and F1 (left) digits. Conclusions The variability due to hand, digit, and day were all greater than that of the 3 replicates within the digit-day for both volunteers. This indicates that data were not completely random across the readings when remeasuring the same finger. Different fingers displayed higher carotenoid scores for each volunteer. There is a need to conduct a larger study with more subjects and a range of skin tones to determine whether the reliability of measurements among digits of both hands is similar across the population. Funding Sources Indiana University.

Open-wedge high tibial osteotomy in patients with discoid lateral meniscus

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 230949902110173
Author(s):  
Hee-June Kim ◽  
Ji-Yeon Shin ◽  
Hyun-Joo Lee ◽  
Chul-Hee Jung ◽  
Kyeong-Hyeon Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Tibial Osteotomy ◽  
Lateral Meniscus ◽  
Lateral Compartment ◽  
Clinical Results ◽  
Discoid Lateral Meniscus ◽  
Tibial Osteotomy ◽  
Open Wedge ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Open Wedge Hto

Background: There are concerns about the progression of the lateral osteoarthritis (OA) should be taken into account when high tibial osteotomy (HTO) is performed in patients with discoid lateral meniscus (LM). This study evaluated the clinical results of HTO in patients with discoid LM and elucidated factors affecting the results. Methods: This study evaluated 32 female patients with varus deformity and medial OA. Patients with discoid LM (8 patients) or without discoid LM (24 patients) underwent open-wedge HTO. The mean age was 53.5 years and the mean follow-up period was 35 months. Clinical results, including the Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) score, Knee Society knee score (KS) and function score (FS), were evaluated. The progression of OA in the lateral compartment was also evaluated. Finally, we evaluated the factors affecting the clinical results and OA progression in the lateral compartment. Results: Between two groups, all clinical scores were not different (p = 0.964, 0.963, and 0.559, respectively). Three of eight patients (37.5%) in the discoid group developed OA in the lateral compartment, whereas 2 of 24 patients (8.3%) in the control group developed such; however, this was not significantly different (p = 0.085). In discoid group, patients with undercorrection has higher KS relative to patients with acceptable correction (p = 0.044). Other clinical results and OA change in the lateral compartment were not affected by evaluated factors. Conclusions: Patients who underwent open-wedge HTO showed the satisfactory clinical results and lateral OA progression regardless of the presence or absence discoid LM. However, when discoid LM was present, patients with undercorrection showed higher KS in comparison with patients with acceptable correction.

scholarly journals The features of the coastal fronts in the Eastern Guangdong coastal waters during the downwelling-favorable wind period

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaoyu Yang ◽  
Haibin Ye
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Ocean Model ◽  
Ekman Pumping ◽  
Zonal Distribution ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
China Sea ◽  
Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model ◽  
The Mean

AbstractA coastal front was detected in the eastern Guangdong (EGD) coastal waters during a downwelling-favorable wind period by using the diffuse attenuation coefficient at 490 nm (Kd(490)). Long-term satellite data, meteorological data and hydrographic data collected from 2003 to 2017 were jointly utilized to analyze the environmental factors affecting coastal fronts. The intensities of the coastal fronts were found to be associated with the downwelling intensity. The monthly mean Kd(490) anomalies in shallow coastal waters less than 25 m deep along the EGD coast and the monthly mean Ekman pumping velocities retrieved by the ERA5 dataset were negatively correlated, with a Pearson correlation of − 0.71. The fronts started in October, became weaker and gradually disappeared after January, extending southwestward from the southeastern coast of Guangdong Province to the Wanshan Archipelago in the South China Sea (SCS). The cross-frontal differences in the mean Kd(490) values could reach 3.7 m−1. Noticeable peaks were found in the meridional distribution of the mean Kd(490) values at 22.5°N and 22.2°N and in the zonal distribution of the mean Kd(490) values at 114.7°E and 114.4°E. The peaks tended to narrow as the latitude increased. The average coastal surface currents obtained from the global Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) showed that waters with high nutrient and sediment contents in the Fujian and Zhejiang coastal areas in the southern part of the East China Sea could flow into the SCS. The directions and lengths of the fronts were found to be associated with the flow advection.

The prediction of voluntary intake of grazing dairy cows

1986 ◽  
Vol 107 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsey Caird ◽  
W. Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Simple Equation ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Farm Planning ◽  
Sward Height ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Grazing Dairy Cows

SUMMARYInformation on the total organic matter intake, concentrates supplied (C), live weight (LW), week of lactation (WL), milk yield (MY), herbage organic matter digestibility (HOMD), herbage mass, sward height (SHT) or herbage allowance (HAL) measured individually for 357 cows at one of three sites was assembled. Observed intake was compared with intakes predicted by existing intake equations and new prediction equations based on regression models or regression and least-squares constants were developed. Major factors affecting intake were MY, LW, WL, C and HAL or SHT. Although HOMD was correlated with intake, better predictions were obtained when HOMD was omitted. There were differences between sites possibly associated with differences in measurement techniques.The predictive value of some existing equations and new equations were tested against independent sets of data. A simple equation (A) based on MY and LW (Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, 1975) gave satisfactory average predictions but the mean square prediction error (MSPE) was high. The equations of Vadiveloo & Holmes (1979) adjusted for bias gave a relatively low MSPE. The preferred new equations for grazing cattle included MY, LW, WL, C and HAL or SHT, and their MSPE were similar to or lower than for indoor equations.The discussion indicates that a simple equation (A) would give adequate predictions for farm planning. The more detailed equations illustrate the inter-relations of animal with sward conditions and concentrate allowances. Predicted intakes may deviate from actual intakes because of short-term changes in body reserves.

Factors affecting changes in the intraocular pressure after phacoemulsification surgery

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 166-172
Author(s):  
Rita Dhamankar ◽  
◽  
Suhas S Haldipurkar ◽  
Tanvi Haldipurkar ◽  
Vijay Shetty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Anterior Chamber ◽  
Axial Length ◽  
Anterior Chamber Depth ◽  
The Other ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
Unit Increase ◽  
The Mean

AIM: To assess the changes in anterior chamber parameters and examine the factors associated with changes in the intraocular pressure (IOP) in individuals who have undergone phacoemulsification surgery. METHODS: It is a longitudinal analysis of secondary clinical data collected from 105 non-glaucomatous eyes (82 patients) undergoing a cataract surgery. We studied the association between anterior chamber parameters, grade of cataract, demographics, and changes in the IOP over a period of three weeks. We also evaluated the association between the pressure-depth (PD) ratio and changes in the IOP during this time. RESULTS: The mean age (SD) of the 82 patients was 60.1±7.8y. The mean±standard deviation (SD) IOP was 15.06±3.36 mm Hg pre-operatively; it increased to 15.75±4.21 mm Hg on day one (P=0.20). In the multifactorial models, the mean IOP was -1.715 (95%CI: -2.795, -0.636) mm Hg on day 21±5 compared with the pre-operative values. The anterior chamber depth (ACD), axial length, age, sex, and grade of cataract were not significantly associated with changes in the IOP. Each unit increase in the PD ratio was associated with an increase in the mean IOP by 1.289 mm Hg (95%CI: 0.906, 1.671). After adjusting for pre-operative PD ratio, none of the other variables (ACD, axial length, temporal angle) were significantly associated with changes in mean IOP. CONCLUSION: The PD ratio was the single most important factor associated with the changes in post-operative IOP over three weeks post-surgery.

scholarly journals Analyzing the Effect of the Senior Management’s Support on the Relationship between Factors Affecting and Employees’ Performance in the Al-Zawiya University of Libya

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Nasreddin Ramadhan Dukhan ◽  
Norhisham Mohamad ◽  
Asbi B Ali
Keyword(s):  
Likert Scale ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Multiple Groups ◽  
Strongly Agree ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Variable Performance

This study aims to test the influence of the senior management’s support as a moderating variable on the relationship between the independent factors (Training, Empowerment, Motivation and Communication) and the dependent variable (Performance of Employees). (SEM-AMOS) is used to test the impact of the moderating variable. Where it is depended on the method of sampling or analysis of what is known as multiple-groups analysis. The paragraphs of the senior management’s support variable are collected and divided into two groups according to the mean of the total paragraphs. In addition, according to the relative weights given to the paragraphs of the questionnaire, using a five- point’s Likert scale: 1= strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree. The first group consisted of the grades less than the mean and it is considered as the group which is non-supporters of the existence of support. While the second group consisted of the grades higher than the mean and considered as the group which is a supporter of the existence of support. The study found that the model of study in the presence of the support of the senior management’s is appropriate for the second group and inappropriate in light of the lack of support by the senior management’s support for the first group.

scholarly journals Quality Traits of Longissimus thoracis and lumborum and Gluteus medium Muscles from Cull Dairy Holstein-Friesian Cows

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Carlos Santos ◽  
Carlos Moniz ◽  
Cristina Roseiro ◽  
Vera Medeiros ◽  
Isabel Afonso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aging Time ◽  
Gluteus Medius ◽  
Meat Tenderness ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sensorial Attributes ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Friesian Cows

<em>Longissimus thoracis</em> and <em>lumborum</em> (LTL) and <em>Gluteus medius</em> (Gm) muscles of culled dairy cows, differing in production status (Ps) at slaughter and carcass weight were assessed for intramuscular fat and myoglobin, color, shear force (SF) and sensorial characteristics, after being aged for 2, 7, 14, 28 and 42 days. Meat from dried-off cows was lighter, redder and had higher yellowness and chroma (<em>P </em>&lt; 0.05) than lactating cows. Meat of finished fed cows improved in color in relation to counterparts directly slaughtered, but not significantly. Color parameters increased with aging time and the mean values of LTL and Gm significantly differed mostly among lactating cows. SF of meat was affected by aging time, muscle type, Ps and by their respective interactions (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001), with a greater impact in LTL muscle. Meat from LTL muscle of dried-off cows had lower SF (47.30 N) than that of lactating cows (65.61 N) (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), but such differences were not significant for Gm muscle. Meat tenderness of finished fed cows was higher than counterparts not finished (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.05). Main effects and the results from their interactions were significant for all sensorial attributes (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001).

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Radiation Dose in Computed Tomography Angiograms for Pulmonary Embolism: A Retrospective Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Prashant Nagpal ◽  
Sarv Priya ◽  
Ali Eskandari ◽  
Aidan Mullan ◽  
Tanya Aggarwal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Pulmonary Angiogram ◽  
The Mean

Objectives: Computed tomography pulmonary angiogram (CTPA) is one of the most commonly ordered and frequently overused tests. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the mean radiation dose to patients getting CTPA and to identify factors that are associated with higher dose. Material and Methods: This institutionally approved retrospective study included all patients who had a CTPA to rule out acute pulmonary embolism between 2016 and 2018 in a tertiary care center. Patient data (age, sex, body mass index [BMI], and patient location), CT scanner type, image reconstruction methodology, and radiation dose parameters (dose-length product [DLP]) were recorded. Effective dose estimates were obtained by multiplying DLP by conversion coefficient (0.014 mSv•mGy−1•cm−1). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the factors affecting the radiation dose. Results: There were 2342 patients (1099 men and 1243 women) with a mean age of 58.1 years (range 0.2–104.4 years) and BMI of 31.3 kg/m2 (range 12–91.5 kg/m2). The mean effective radiation dose was 5.512 mSv (median – 4.27 mSv; range 0.1–43.0 mSv). Patient factors, including BMI >25 kg/m2, male sex, age >18 years, and intensive care unit (ICU) location, were associated with significantly higher dose (P < 0.05). CT scanning using third generation dual-source scanner with model-based iterative reconstruction (IR) had significantly lower dose (mean: 4.90 mSv) versus single-source (64-slice) scanner with filtered back projection (mean: 9.29 mSv, P < 0.001). Conclusion: Patients with high BMI and ICU referrals are associated with high CT radiation dose. They are most likely to benefit by scanning on newer generation scanner using advance model-based IR techniques.

scholarly journals Surgical outcomes of acute acquired comitant esotropia of adulthood

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dae Hyun Kim ◽  
Ha Jeong Noh
Keyword(s):  
Success Rate ◽  
Surgical Outcomes ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Large Angle ◽  
Sudden Onset ◽  
Prism Diopter ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Motor Outcomes

Abstract Background Acute acquired comitant esotropia (AACE) is a type of strabismus characterized by a sudden onset of large angle esotropia with diplopia, which often occurs in children after infancy, teenagers, and young adolescents. However, studies on the surgical outcomes of only adults are rare. The purpose of this article is to analyze the surgical outcomes for adult patients diagnosed with AACE. Methods Medical records of 24 patients who had undergone surgery for AACE were retrospectively analyzed. The main outcome measures were the final motor and sensory success rate after surgery and factors affecting motor and sensory outcomes. Motor success was considered alignment within 8 prism diopter (PD) at both near and distance and sensory success was stereoacuity ≥ 60 sec/arc. Results The preoperative mean esodeviation angles were 33.1 ± 10.4 PD at distance and 33.3 ± 11.2 PD at near. The mean period of postoperative follow up was 7.5 ± 4.5 months (range 1–8 months). The postoperative mean esodeviation angles at final follow-up time were 3.4 ± 6.1 PD at distance and 3.8 ± 6.7 PD at near. The surgical motor success rate at final follow-up was 79.2% (19/24). The sensory success rate at final follow-up was 50.0% (12/24). The factor affecting the motor outcome was the type of surgery (p < 0.05). The factor affecting sensory outcome was postoperative follow-up time (p < 0.05). Conclusions Surgery type appears to affect surgical motor outcomes in adults with AACE. Although the sensory outcome was favorable, it seems that regaining bifoveal fixation takes time.

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