scholarly journals SPENDING AND SAVING PATTERNS OF TWO CONSUMER AGE GROUPS DURING ECONOMIC DOWNTURN AND RECOVERY OF 2009–2011 IN LITHUANIA

Ekonomika ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 72-84
Author(s):  
Indrė Pikturnienė ◽  
Sigitas Urbonavičius
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Behaviour ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Brand Value ◽  
Economic Downturn ◽  
Spending Patterns ◽  
Younger Generation ◽  
Consumer Age ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Two Age Groups

Purpose. The purpose of the paper is to summarise and present differences in spending patterns between the two age groups (19–26 and 40–68) during the period of economic downturn and recovery. The method of longitudinal study allows finding how the expectations towards financial situation and spending behaviour change over three years (2009, 2010, 2011). This paper summarizes findings from the three years and expands the initial findings of the authors that have been published before (Urbonavičius, Pikturnienė, 2010).Methodology. The survey is based on a comparison of data from the three sets of respondents surveyed in spring of the 2009, 2010 and 2011, using the same questionnaire. Students, unaware of survey objectives, were asked to fill in questionnaires themselves and to distribute another part of the questionnaire to a member of their household, who is one generation elder (typically parents). In total, 455 households were interviewed, each producing two sets of answers to the survey questions.Results of the survey showed that younger respondents perceived the impact of the economic downturn in relation with expectations in a more casual way. They had higher expectations towards the income increase. Spending of both age groups, as well as their expectations towards prices were very similar throughout all the studied years. However, the older generation was more likely to save in order to survive, whereas the younger generation did not change its spending habits or decided to reduce spending for saving reasons.Practical implications. Since younger generation perceived the economic downturn situation more casually and reported a higher expected income, marketing strategies based on brand value, exclusivity, price premiums can be continued to target it even during the economic downturn. The older generation demonstrated a higher caution and frugality, as well as lower expectations towards income; therefore, value for price or lower price strategies could be more suitable for this age group.Value / originality. Longitudinal data on two age groups provide for a better understanding of the consumer behaviour during the economic downturn in general and in Lithuania in particular.

USE OF SLANG AMONG DIFFERENT AGE GROUPS IN KARACHI

2015 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-88
Author(s):  
Areeba Mazhar
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Spoken Discourse ◽  
Everyday Language ◽  
Younger Generation ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Two Age Groups

Slang is one of the important components of spoken discourse. It is integrated in our everyday language to such an extent that we cannot ignore its significance while analyzing the discourse specifically of the younger generation. This paper investigates the nature of Urdu and English slang used among different age groups; children, teenagers and adolescents in particular, living in Karachi. It also discusses the attitudes of elders, which includes parents and teachers, towards the use of slang words nowadays. Simultaneous cross sectional design is adopted to compare the age groups which helped in examining their discourse and exploring different categories in it, which emerged while observing the language of the age groups selected. The result shows that adolescents also incorporate slang in everyday life, as much as teenagers do but there are different categories that distinguish the vocabulary of the two age groups. Moreover informal discussions also helped elicit the responses of parents and teachers towards the excessive use of slang by the youngsters in our society.

scholarly journals The Impact of Green Marketing on Green Consumer Behaviour in Jordan

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Arwa Hisham Rahahleh ◽  
Monira Abdallah Moflih ◽  
Zaid Ahmad Alabaddi ◽  
Jihad Farajat ◽  
Sanaa Nawaf AL-Nsour
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Quantitative Method ◽  
Consumer Behaviour ◽  
Marketing Mix ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Green Marketing ◽  
Limited Resources ◽  
Marketing Activities ◽  
The Impact

These days, businesses are conscious that they cannot carry on without being aware of environmental problems. Firms generally face more limited natural resources, and must develop new or alternative ways of marketing. This is how green marketing comes into view, as it looks at how marketing activities utilize those limited resources while satisfying consumers' wants― both of individuals and industry― as well as achieving the organization's objectives. The general purpose of this study is to discuss the impact of green marketing strategies on green consumer behaviour in Jordan. This study used the quantitative method to gather accessible data from the study sample. The variables present in this study are marketing mix (product, place, price, promotion), and green consumer behaviour. The Partial Least Squares (PLS) approach as a statistical method was used to analyse the data. The population of the study is 2000 daytime visitors of a traditional day in two Amman malls, from which a sample of 500 randomly distributed questionnaires was analysed, according to 32 items. Results indicated that three out of four variables had a statistically significant relationship to green consumer behaviour. The exception was for the green price factor, which did not show a discernible statistical impact.

scholarly journals SPENDING PATTERNS ON MILLENNIAL GENERATION IN SURABAYA

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
Mariana Ing Malelak ◽  
Nathania Mirabel Halim
Keyword(s):  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Millennial Generation ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
T Test ◽  
Spending Patterns ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Two Age Groups

This study aims to examine spending patterns in the millennial generation in Surabaya. Respondents of this study were the millennial generation who were divided into two age groups, namely 21-28 years old, who were referred to as junior millennials, and those aged 29-36 years who were referred to as senior millennials. The analysis technique used is a crosstab to examine the relationship between age and spending pattern of the millennial generation and an independent-sample t-test to test the difference between the spending pattern of the junior millennials and senior millennials. This study showed a significant relationship between age and spending pattern on the millennial generation, and there is a significant difference between the spending pattern of the junior millennials and senior millennials.

Consumers impact on food quality under frozen conditions in Germany

2019 ◽  
Vol 122 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-47
Author(s):  
Beate Silvia Kölzer ◽  
Jasmin Geppert ◽  
Astrid Klingshirn ◽  
Harald Weber ◽  
Lilla Brugger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Consumer Behaviour ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Frozen Storage ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Frozen Foods ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Frozen Food ◽  
The Impact

Purpose More than 50 per cent of all German households own a freezing appliance and so far the market of frozen foods is constantly increasing (1 per cent from 2017 to 2018). Despite frozen foods playing an important role in our everyday life, little is known about the consumer’s habits at home. The purpose of this paper is to uncover gaps in the knowledge about consumer behaviour when handling frozen food. Moreover, the impact of consumers on the quality of frozen products should be assessed. Design/methodology/approach A representative online survey was carried out to investigate different aspects of consumer behaviour concerning frozen foods. Respondents (n=2,053) were questioned about their general handling habits regarding eight different food groups: fruit, vegetables, meat, fish, bread, pastries, ready-to-eat meals and leftovers. The focus was on freezing, pre-handling, packaging and thawing – depending on the age of those questioned and combined with best practice advice regarding quality storage of frozen products. Findings Most Germans have the opportunity to freeze food and keep their freezers full or medium loaded. Older participants act more efficiently towards quality storage, but more education about freezing and frozen storage would be generally helpful to maintain quality of frozen foods and increase utilisation of freezers, using their full preservation potential. Research limitations/implications No open questions were asked due to the scope of more than 2,000 participants, which, in retrospect, would have been instructive. Originality/value Consumer handling of frozen food in Germany was investigated in a representative way for the first time, covering age groups from 18 to 69 and household sizes from 1 to >4 people, focussing on eight major food groups.

scholarly journals Influence of Post Covid Change In Consumer Behaviour of Millennials On Advertising Techniques and Practices

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-92
Author(s):  
Prakriti Rashi ◽  
Ankur Singh Bist ◽  
Ari Asmawati ◽  
Mukti Budiarto ◽  
Wahyu Yustika Prihastiwi
Keyword(s):  
Small Businesses ◽  
Consumer Behaviour ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Survival Strategies ◽  
Business Strategies ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
The Core ◽  
Purchasing Behaviour ◽  
Consumer Habits ◽  
The Impact

The pandemic caused by Covid 19 has kicked off survival strategies from vulnerable groups of people to small businesses, which has challenged the core operating practices and modified consumption patterns. Thus, effective marketing strategies are imperative in these times, that not only convey values of the brand but also resonate with people.  Market disruptions are most likely to impact millennials and Gen Z and given the exploration and spending propensity, millennials are most likely to drive demand during the pandemic as well as in the post pandemic world. This research proposal aims to explore how consumer habits have changed during pandemic, how likely these habits will stick in the post pandemic world and how advertising needs to be transformed which relates best with millennials. The methodology involves a detailed analysis of literature and gathering insights from social media sites through big data.  This research investigates the impact of avoiding deterministic automatisms purchasing processes, implying the need to understand, from an academic and conceptual standpoint, the utility of the set of business strategies to truly influence consumer purchasing behaviour of Millennials. 

scholarly journals The Impact of Question Format, Context, and Content on Survey Answers in Early and Late Adolescence

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadine Diersch ◽  
Eva Walther
Keyword(s):  
Survey Research ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Late Adolescence ◽  
Response Format ◽  
Question Format ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Question Order ◽  
Older Adolescents ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Two Age Groups

Abstract Self-reports in surveys are often influenced by the presented question format and question context. Much less is known about how these effects influence the answers of younger survey respondents. The present study investigated how variations in response format, answer scale frequency, and question order influence self-reports of two age groups: younger (11–13 years old) and older (16–18 years old) adolescents. In addition, the impact of the respondents’ level of familiarity with the question content was taken into account. Results indicated that younger adolescents are more strongly influenced by the presented question format and context than older adolescents. This, however, was dependent on the particular question content, implying that response effects are more pronounced when questions deal with issues that lie outside of the respondents’ field of experience. Implications of these findings in survey research with younger respondents are discussed.

scholarly journals Society Membership Trend Determinants For Sustainability: An Analysis In Insurance Industry

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Askar Choudhury ◽  
James Jones
Keyword(s):  
Insurance Industry ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Gender Effect ◽  
Economic Downturn ◽  
Trade Associations ◽  
Economic Cycles ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Gender Influence ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
The Impact

This study investigates the impact of age based gender effect on CPCU society membership trend. Trade associations, membership societies, and other similar groups/unions are no different than any for-profit organizations during different economic cycles, specifically during an economic downturn. When economic condition gets tough, membership related expenses can prove difficult to attain and may cause descent in the membership trend. However, demographic factors, such as, age groups and genders of society members are also factors that impact the process of society membership trend. In our analysis, after controlling for younger age groups, higher age groups are found to be instrumental in impacting the process of trend of CPCU societys membership. This suggests that gender influence on the process of society membership trend is age dependent. Furthermore, gender effect is substantially higher for older age groups in comparison to younger age groups.

The impact of audience age and familiarity on children’s drawings of themselves in contrasting affective states

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 222-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther Burkitt ◽  
Dawn Watling
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Children's Drawings ◽  
Colour Preference ◽  
Self Presentation ◽  
Children’S Drawings ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Two Age Groups

The present study was designed to investigate the impact of familiarity and audience age on children’s self-presentation in self-drawings of happy, sad and neutral figures. Two hundred children (100 girls and 100 boys) with the average age of 8 years 2 months, ranging from 6 years 3 months to 10 years 1 month, formed two age groups and five conditions ( n = 20). All children completed two counterbalanced sessions. Session 1 consisted of drawing a neutral figure followed by a sad and happy figure in counterbalanced order. The drawing instructions specified the age of the audience (adult vs. child) and familiarity (familiar vs. unfamiliar) differently for each condition. Measures of colour preference were taken in session 2. Certain drawing strategies, such as waving and smiling, varied as a function of audience age and familiarity whilst others, such as colour use, did not. The results are discussed in terms of cue dependency and framework theories of children’s drawings and the need to be aware of specific characteristics of who children are drawing for.

scholarly journals The importance of wine attributes in an emerging wine-producing country

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Pentz ◽  
Alexandra Forrester
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Generational Differences ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
South Africans ◽  
Best Worst Scaling ◽  
Purchasing Behaviour ◽  
Two Age Groups

Purpose: This article investigated and compared the relative importance of 14 wine attributes on the wine-purchasing behaviour of South African consumers of different generational groups.Design/methodology/approach: Data were collected from 646 South African wine consumers by means of a structured online questionnaire. Respondents were divided into two main age groups, 18–40 years of age and 41 years and older. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, best–worst scaling and independent sample t-tests.Findings/results: Results showed that there were both similarities and differences in the relative importance of wine attributes between the two age groups investigated. Both groups regarded the previous tasting of a wine and recommendations by others as the two most important wine attributes when purchasing wine for their own consumption. An in-store promotional display of wines was regarded as the least important wine attribute by the older cohort, whereas an alcohol level below 13% was rated by the younger cohort as the least important wine attribute.Practical implications: The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of wine-purchasing behaviour in the emerging wine-producing countries. Results can be used by marketing managers to create more effective marketing strategies to increase wine sales in South Africa amongst different age groups.Originality or value: This study is a pioneering venture, given the absence of published knowledge on the possible generational differences in the wine consumer behaviour of South Africans.

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