scholarly journals American and Chinese Thinking Styles: Attitude Effects on Holistic and Attribute Ads

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beichen Liang ◽  
Joseph Cherian
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Thinking Styles ◽  
Chinese Consumers ◽  
Analytic Thinking ◽  
Managerial Implication ◽  
Information Product ◽  
Information Availability ◽  
The Us ◽  
Types Of Information ◽  
The Impact

American (i.e., Western) thinking favors the analytic style, focusing on the focal object and internal attributes; Chinese (i.e., Eastern) thinking favors the holistic style, paying attention to the context and whole system. This research investigates whether such holistic and analytic thinking styles affect attitudes towards holistic ads which contain many types of information (availability, price, company, etc.) and attribute ads which contain only one type of information (product feature). The first study showed that (i) American consumers prefer attribute ads more than Chinese consumers do; (ii) both American and Chinese consumers prefer holistic ads more than attribute ads; and both prefer the holistic ads equally well. The second study showed that the impact of cultural differences in thinking styles on ad attitudes were not influenced by thinking speed – whether the thinking was fast and automatic or whether the thinking was slow and effortful. The stable and verifiable managerial implication is that ad content in the East and West, in the US and China must include more, diverse information.

Cultural differences in vertical brand extension evaluations: the influence of thinking styles

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-263
Author(s):  
Andy Wei Hao ◽  
Xin Liu ◽  
Michael Hu ◽  
Xiaoling Guo
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Brand Extension ◽  
Brand Extensions ◽  
Thinking Styles ◽  
Chinese Consumers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Us ◽  
Ownership Effect ◽  
Culture Differences

PurposeThe paper examines the cultural differences in consumers' evaluations of vertical brand extensions.Design/methodology/approachA 2 (extension types: upward, downward) × 2 (nationality: USA, China) × 2 (ownership: owner, non-owner) between-subjects design with thinking styles as a covariate was employed to test consumers' evaluations of vertical brand extensions. A total of 228 subjects from the US and 194 from China participated in the two experimental studies.FindingsThe paper finds that consumers prefer downward extensions to upward extensions. Furthermore, Chinese consumers have even more favorable evaluations of downward extension products than do American consumers. In addition, analytic thinkers exhibit a stronger ownership effect than holistic thinkers.Originality/valueThe research contributes to the understanding of culture differences in vertical brand extension evaluations.

Contextualization of Mental Representations and Evaluative Responses

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Ye ◽  
Bertram Gawronski
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Context Effects ◽  
Mental Representations ◽  
Contextual Information ◽  
Thinking Styles ◽  
Contextual Cues ◽  
Cultural Research ◽  
Cross Cultural Research ◽  
The Impact ◽  
East West

This chapter provides a theory-based analysis of East–West differences in context effects on evaluative responses. Drawing on documented cultural differences in social cognition and a recently proposed representational theory of contextualized evaluation, the chapter discusses how cultural differences in attention and thinking styles may influence the integration of contextual information into mental representations of conflicting evaluative information and, thus, context effects on evaluative responses. The analysis reveals two potential patterns of cultural differences, with diverging predictions regarding the impact of contextual cues on evaluative responses among East Asians and Westerners. Implications of the current analysis for cross-cultural research are discussed.

Cultural Differences in Spontaneous Trait and Situation Inferences

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 627-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hajin Lee ◽  
Yuki Shimizu ◽  
Takahiko Masuda ◽  
James S. Uleman
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Impression Formation ◽  
Social Orientation ◽  
Thinking Styles ◽  
Thinking Style ◽  
Cultural Backgrounds ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Analytic Thinking ◽  
Spontaneous Trait Inferences ◽  
Trait Inferences

Previous findings indicated that when people observe someone’s behavior, they spontaneously infer the traits and situations that cause the target person’s behavior. These inference processes are called spontaneous trait inferences (STIs) and spontaneous situation inferences (SSIs). While both patterns of inferences have been observed, no research has examined the extent to which people from different cultural backgrounds produce these inferences when information affords both trait and situation inferences. Based on the theoretical frameworks of social orientations and thinking styles, we hypothesized that European Canadians would be more likely to produce STIs than SSIs because of the individualistic/independent social orientation and the analytic thinking style dominant in North America, whereas Japanese would produce both STIs and SSIs equally because of the collectivistic/interdependent social orientation and the holistic thinking style dominant in East Asia. Employing the savings-in-relearning paradigm, we presented information that affords both STIs and SSIs and examined cultural differences in the extent of both inferences. The results supported our hypotheses. The relationships between culturally dominant styles of thought and the inference processes in impression formation are discussed.

scholarly journals Profit contribution information’s impact on internal integration

2008 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-53
Author(s):  
Scott J Grawe ◽  
Haozhe Chen ◽  
Daniel D Mattioda ◽  
Patricia J Daugherty
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Quantitative Study ◽  
Strategic Decisions ◽  
Information Availability ◽  
Internal Integration ◽  
Types Of Information ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

An exploratory quantitative study on the relationship between profit contribution information and firm-wide internal integration is presented. Specifically, the authors examine how profit contribution information availability impacts firm-wide internal integration and, subsequently, logistics performance. This study provides greater insight into the area; only a few studies have empirically examined the impact of profit contribution information within a firm. The primary implication is that firms should utilize specific types of information, i.e. profit contribution information, for making more informed operational and strategic decisions. The paper also underscores the managerial value of using profit contribution information in decision making and planning.

scholarly journals Culture as an environmental factor on the impact of intrapreneurship in engineering companies: Comparison of German and American engineering companies

2021 ◽  
Vol 284 ◽  
pp. 07025
Author(s):  
Seray Toksöz
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Management Support ◽  
Top Management Support ◽  
The Us ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Spss Software ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Data Collection Procedure

The main aim of this study was to explore the extent to which intrapreneurship is taking place in engineering companies in the US and Germany. To serve this purpose, a deductive approach was followed, and a mixed methodology was employed in order to measure the perceptions about the existence of intrapreneurship in each country and to develop an understanding what factors have an effect on the concept among the engineering companies’ employees. The data collection procedure included questionnaires which were carried out with the selected employees of the engineering companies. For the analysis of data obtained from the questionnaires, several statistical analyses were utilised, and SPSS software was used. To obtain the managements’ views on the issue, interviews were conducted. Interviews were analysed through using narrative method. According to results, extent of the intrapreneurship perception among the US employees is higher compared to employees from Germany. Managements in both countries accepts the importance of intrapreneurship for their organisations however, it seems like there is a problem in flowing down these views to employees since employees especially in Germany believes otherwise. In this context, three main factors were determined in this study which can be counted as important factors which hinders the level of intrapreneurship in the US and Germany. These factors are lack of top management support, lack of communication and lack of adequate reward scheme within the organisations. In this study the role of culture in determining intrapreneurship behaviour within the organisations was also determined. In this context, it is believed that due to cultural differences between the US and Germany, employees do not perform intrapreneurship behaviour in Germany.

scholarly journals On Being Ill (in Britain and the US): Illness Narratives of the Self

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franziska Gygax
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Illness Narratives ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Social Constructions ◽  
Affect Studies ◽  
Self And Other ◽  
Critical Studies ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
The Impact

Illness narratives, pathographies and autopathographies, have been published in recent years in great number and so have critical studies on the cultural and social constructions of illness and on the impact such texts have on the writer and the reader. Yet few studies have analysed cultural differences between American and British illness narratives and addressed the issue of the different tradition of confessional writing in America and in Britain. In my paper I want to explore potential cultural differences between selected British and American illness narratives and focus on the specific ways in which the suffering self is constructed: How do the sick autobiographers theorize the act of writing about their illness? How do they represent themselves as authors and patients? How are the deteriorating body and impending death represented in these texts? My discussion of the suffering self will rely on Emmanuel Levinas and his concept of self and other that has influenced theories of affect studies, a field that also addresses notions of self and otherness. As the three British and also the three American autobiographers have all been acknowledged writers before the publication of their illness narratives, the aesthetic impact of these literary texts must be discussed as well since these narratives go beyond the personal experience of an illness.

Systematic review methodology for development: An example from microfinance

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carina Van Rooyen ◽  
Ruth Stewart ◽  
Thea De Wet
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
International Development ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Systematic Review Methodology ◽  
Development Interventions ◽  
The Us ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Evidence Based Decision Making

Big international development donors such as the UK’s Department for International Development and USAID have recently started using systematic review as a methodology to assess the effectiveness of various development interventions to help them decide what is the ‘best’ intervention to spend money on. Such an approach to evidence-based decision-making has long been practiced in the health sector in the US, UK, and elsewhere but it is relatively new in the development field. In this article we use the case of a systematic review of the impact of microfinance on the poor in sub-Saharan African to indicate how systematic review as a methodology can be used to assess the impact of specific development interventions.

Multimedia: Myths and Realities

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andy Large ◽  
Jamshid Behesti ◽  
Alain Breuleux ◽  
Andre Renaud
Keyword(s):  
Educational Context ◽  
User Group ◽  
Information Industry ◽  
Primary School Students ◽  
School Students ◽  
Still Images ◽  
Information Product ◽  
Mcgill University ◽  
The Impact

From the 1994 CAIS Conference: The Information Industry in Transition McGill University, Montreal, Quebec. May 25 - 27, 1994.Multimedia products are now widely available on a variety of platforms, and there is a widespread assumption that the addition of still images, animation and sound to text will enhance any information product. The research reported in this paper investigates such claims for multimedia in an educational context and for a specific user group: grad-six primary school students. The students' ability to recall, make inferences from, and comprehend articles presented to them in print, as text on screen, and in mutlimedia format has been mesured. The findings to date suggest that the impact of multimedia is subtle, and that generalisations about the effectiveness of multimedia, at least with children in an educational context, should be employed cautionously. The long-term goal is to identify design criteria which can be employed in the production of multimedia products for schools.

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