scholarly journals Lithuanian language maintenance in the emigrant family: the case of US

2015 ◽  
pp. 1-30
Author(s):  
Kristina Jakaitė-Bulbukienė
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Heritage Language ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Language Maintenance ◽  
Active Involvement ◽  
The Social ◽  
Children's Home ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa

One of today’s most painful problems of the society of Lithuania is massive emigration, which is often heated debated in different circles of the society. One of the aspects of the problem is concerned with the Lithuanian language: whether or not the language should be maintained. Lithuanian emigrants often complain that their children are not willing to talk with their parents in their native/heritage language. On the other hand, there are many examples when after spending long years in emigration, people are still fluent in their native tongue and/or maintain strong national identity. Thus the paper aims at exploring strategies of how Lithuanian emigrant families maintain the Lithuanian language.The paper analyses the US subset of the data collected during the research project “The Language of Emigrants”. The subset consists of three generations of Lithuanian emigrants. The investigation is based on a quantitative survey (n = 438) and qualitative in-depth semi-standardized interviews (n=15) from the USA (most of them recorded in May 2012 in Los Angeles, CA).The results of the research suggest that successful maintenance of the Lithuanian language has been due to a conscious decision by the members of the family to keep the language as a language of communication in the family and to pass it over to the younger generation. Emotional ties with the native/heritage language are also very important. The investigation has identified the prevalence of the authoritarian management model of language maintenance in those families.No less important is the social environment outside the children’s home domain. Formal education and active involvement in the Lithuanian community are considered significant factors contributing to learning/maintaining the Lithuanian language. Regular trips to Lithuania also help strengthen the sense of ethnic identity.

scholarly journals Factors contributing to the Lithuanian language maintenance in emigrant family: a case of US

2015 ◽  
pp. 1-37
Author(s):  
Kristina Jakaitė-Bulbukienė
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Language Proficiency ◽  
Heritage Language ◽  
Language Maintenance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Practical Reasons ◽  
Quantitative Survey ◽  
Her Family ◽  
The Us ◽  
History Of

When two languages collide in the context of emigration, the heritage language is in danger of extinction because the two languages are different in size, power, vitality and prestige. The question then arises why some ethnic communities maintain their language, despite the fact that their situation is disadvantageous. The main aim of this paper is to explore specific factors that help maintain the Lithuanian language in the emigrant family.This paper analyses the data collected during the research project The Language of Emigrants. Only a subset of the data that is related to the United States was selected for research. This paper analyses linguistic attitudes of two emigration waves (those who moved after World War II and those who went there after the Restoration of Lithuania’s Independence) and three generations of emigrants. This investigation is based on a quantitative survey (n = 438) and qualitative in-depth semi-standardized interviews (n = 15) from the US (most of them were recorded in May 2012 in Los Angeles, CA).The data from the quantitative survey and in-depth semi-standardized interviews shows that a successful maintaining of the Lithuanian language depends on many factors: historical circumstances, reasons for emigrating, attitude towards Lithuania, perception of identity and roots, knowledge about the history of Lithuania, the history of one’s family, and about Lithuanian traditions. If the attitude towards Lithuania is positive, if it is important for the person to be Lithuanian, if the person is knowledgeable about the history of his/her family and about Lithuanian traditions, the prospects for maintaining the heritage language are favourable.The main reasons to maintain the Lithuanian language are ideological. The data from this research shows that all waves of emigrants find it important that Lithuanian language proficiency helps preserve the Lithuanian language and culture. It is no less important to note that participants have expressed a wish to protect the Lithuanian language; they want to keep it “clear”, “true” and “pure”. Another reason to maintain the Lithuanian language is the wish to have two worlds, two familiar countries and two cultures. Naturally, there are also several practical reasons: it is useful to know several languages, to communicate with Lithuanians in Lithuanian. The Lithuanian community in the US and maintaining ties with it are also very important for language maintenance.

Defeating the Minotaur: The Construction of CEO Charisma on the US Stock Market

2006 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 811-832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelo Fanelli ◽  
Nora Ilona Grasselli
Keyword(s):  
Stock Market ◽  
Charismatic Leadership ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Active Involvement ◽  
Securities Analysts ◽  
The Us ◽  
Organizational Symbolism ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Ceo Successions ◽  
Securities Analyst

This paper illustrates the construction of CEO charisma within the US stock market. By metaphorically employing the myth of the Minotaur, we discuss three forces underlying the rise of heroic CEO images in the USA: Ariadne, or charismatic leadership theory and its formulation of charisma; Theseus, or the CEOs struggling to obtain power over stock market actors; and the Minotaur, or the stock market itself and the securities analyst profession. Building on the literature on organizational symbolism, we present a qualitative study of two CEO successions, focusing on the form and content of the persona and the vision projected by CEOs and elaborated by securities analysts. The results suggest that jointly constructing charisma through discourse, CEOs and analysts enact a form of power that does not lie in top-down coercion, but rather on the emergent, active involvement and contribution of its very subjects.

A Comparative Study on the Curriculum in the Community-Based Chinese Heritage Language (CHL) Schools and Dual Language Immersion (DLI) Program

2021 ◽  
pp. 1170-1227
Author(s):  
Shizhan Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Social Studies ◽  
Extracurricular Activities ◽  
Heritage Language ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Language Immersion ◽  
Cultural Learning ◽  
Community Based ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Us ◽  
Chinese Heritage Language

This chapter compares and contrasts the curriculum, pedagogy, instructional materials, and extracurricular activities in a community-based CHL school and a Chinese-English DLI program in a southeast state of the US to discern how each is promoting Chinese immigrant children's heritage language and cultural learning. The author also explored how each school was supported by the local community. The result of this study indicates that the curriculum of the community-based CHL school was more focusing on teaching heritage culture as well as the reading and writing of Chinese words. In the Chinese-English DLI program, its cultural study curriculum in the social studies classes was more focused on the US citizenship education. However, in the social studies classes, teachers in the DLI program were able to integrate more Chinese literacy learning activities into the subject content instruction.

US Social Welfare Policy: The Reagan Record and Legacy

1998 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN O'CONNOR
Keyword(s):  
Family Support ◽  
Bill Clinton ◽  
Social Welfare Policy ◽  
George Bush ◽  
Social Provision ◽  
The Social ◽  
Family Support Act ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Right

This paper reviews the Reagan administration's attack on the US welfare system during the 1980s. The paper considers the origins, provisions and impact of Reagan's three major pieces of retrenchment legislation: the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1981, the Social Security Amendments of 1983, and the Family Support Act of 1988. It is argued that Reagan's record in retrenching welfare was limited in budgetary terms, but was successful in making welfare programmes more restrictive. Reagan's welfare legacy is assessed in terms of his attempts at restructuring social provision and shifting the welfare debate to the right. The paper concludes by asserting that Reagan's critique of, and attack on, social provision was accepted by his presidential successors, George Bush and Bill Clinton.

Notes on the New Epidemiology of Alcoholism in the USA

1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 321-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul M. Roman ◽  
Terry Christine Blum
Keyword(s):  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
Health Insurance Coverage ◽  
Alcohol Problems ◽  
American Health Care System ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Us ◽  
American Health Care ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Effective Development

The definition of alcohol problem intervention in the US has undergone a major transformation over the past 15 years. The structure of this transformation has been based on the promulgation and diffusion of the notion that alcohol problems are distributed throughout the social class structure rather than concentrated among the disaffiliated on Skid Row. The effective development of this new epidemiology as “fact” required several other elements vital to the mainstreaming of alcoholism intervention into the American health care system: health insurance coverage, private systems for care and a source of clients from the population of employed persons. The interdependence among these events is analyzed, indicating the success of each has been dependent on the social accomplishment of the others.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF CHANGE IN SOCIAL STUDIES CURRICULUM PROGRAMS ON FAMILY SUBJECT IN TEXTBOOKS

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (50) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Studies ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Document Analysis ◽  
Educational Programs ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
Social Studies Textbooks ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Historical Issues

Social studies education emerged in the USA in the 18th century and has come to life in different geographies for about three centuries. Four different programs in the years 1968, 1998, 2005 and 2018 were prepared for the aforementioned subject which has taken part in the curriculum as social studies and has been implemented as an independent course in Turkey since 1968. In this study, four 7th grade social studies textbooks prepared according to different curriculum programs were examined (Akşit and Asal 1973, Şahin and Göze 2000, MEB Commission 2015, Gültekin, Akpınar, Nohutcu, Özerdoğan and Aygün 2019). The books were subjected to content analysis by document analysis method regarding the family. The findings were compared and examined. In general, it was found that the 2019 edition social studies textbook was different from the 1973, 2000 and 2015 edition social studies textbooks in terms of addressing the family. Subjects of History and Geography were predominantly included in the social studies textbooks published in 1973 and 2000. Therefore, the concept of family has mostly been reflected through the context of historical issues. Among the four published textbooks, the 2015 social studies textbook stands out as having the most coverage on democracy and human rights. This book also mentions the concept of domestic democracy. Alongside the shortcomings, many positive aspects have been identified in the 2019 edition 7th grade social studies textbook that is currently being taught in schools. Keywords: Turkey, educational programs, social studies, 7th grade social studies textbook, family, content exchange

scholarly journals Transformation of the Latino image in Western culture (based on the analysis of American mass media)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 28-42
Author(s):  
E. S. Golousova
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Real Life ◽  
New York Times ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Active Involvement ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Media

With rapid development of Latino communities and their members’s active involvement in the US social and political life the attitudes toward Latinos (Hispanics) have changed, both from the outside and the inside. The Latino people themselves came to realize their self-identification and, consecutively, the portrayal of Latinos in the media has been altered. In this paper the author argues, that the range of Latino stereotypes has become wider today and that the model that used to work decades ago in picturing Latino migrants is no longer relevant. Thus, the main goal of the study is to mark out and describe the changes that have occurred in the US media regarding the images of ‘Latinos’ (/Latinas). Comparative analysis is the key method in addition to the content analysis of media publications. The empirical basis consists of 80 publications, including digital media footage, published in 2016-2020 (both in English and Spanish languages) – such as the New York Times, The Time, The Washington Post, El Opinion, etc. These newspapers and magazines are considered to be highly influential as they set the agenda, shape the opinion and affect public consciousness. The material of the study also comprises 20 TV episodes related to the coverage of Hispanic issues in the USA. Having analyzed the media content related to the Latino issue (mainstream media, online sources, TV footage), the author comes to a conclusion that the number of roles that are attributed to the Latinos/Latinas has increased significantly and the today’s narrative to a larger degree is aligned with the changes occurring in real life of the Latino community.

The State, the Family, and Education: Ideology, Reproduction, and Resistance in Western Australia 1900–1929

1983 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paige H. Porter
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Education System ◽  
Social Reproduction ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Division Of Labour ◽  
The State ◽  
The Political ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family

This paper argues that gender-related inequalities in education (and other areas) are most crucially understood as embedded in ideology about the family, and that that ideology is at least partially reproduced through the education system itself. The prevalent ideology about the family corresponds to the nature of the political economy and works to maintain and reproduce the social and sexual division of labour both within the family and in the society at large. This study describes one period of educational reform, 1900–1929 in Western Australia, and examines the ideology about the family that was perpetuated by the state through the formal education system at this time. However, social reproduction is seen as a complex process and subject to human mediation Consequently resistance to the state ideology is described, as are contradictions within the ideology itself. It is hoped that, by looking not only at reproduction but also at resistance and contradiction, the entire process will be seen as a more dynamic one.

Formation des classes, luttes populaires et discours religieux au Nicaragua

1983 ◽  
Vol 30 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 211-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Guzman Garcia ◽  
Maria Puente de Guzman
Keyword(s):  
Social Classes ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
International Importance ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Nomic Structure

The article describes in the first part the constitution of the social classes in Nicaragua. In the first periode, after Indepen dence till the 1850ies, the major groups were constituted by a class of owners of cattle (ganaderos) and another one of peasants. Cof fee plantation introduced Nicaragua into the world capitalist eco nomic structure, but this became more acute still after the intro duction of cotton in the 1950ies. The international importance of the region has been underlined by the frequent interventions of the USA in the country, considered as a part of its zone of secu rity. The US marines left Nicaragua only after the organization of the Guarda Nacional, headed by Somoza. After 45 years of dicta torship, the regime was overthrown by a coalition of popular for ces, organized by the Sandinist Front and a part of the bourgeoisie (conservative and liberal).

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