Evaluation of hydraulic performance: a case study of etana small scale irrigation scheme: wolaita zone, Ethiopia

The conventional furrow irrigation system is inherently inefficient in wolaita zone, while the suboptimal management and operation (inflow discharge and cutoff time) are considered as one of the main reasons for satisfactory hydraulic performance. Addressing these issues, the furrow irrigation system which is only practiced in the study area was evaluated on three fields under routine farmer management in wolaita zone. The study consisted of field experiments and simulation modeling. Irrigation performance including application efficiency, Potential Application Efficiency, Adequacy and distribution uniformity, runoff ratio and deep percolation ratio of two irrigation events were evaluated using surface irrigation evaluation and simulation Model WinSRFR 4.1.3. The study revealed satisfactory irrigation efficiencies, with higher distribution uniformity and water losses. Therefore, hydraulic performance of the study area had a value of application efficiency (55% to 73%), low quarter adequacy (0.96 to 1.28) and low quarter distribution uniformity (0.89 to 0.96), runoff ratio (7% to 38%) and deep percolation ratio (1% to 25%) on farms. In addition, irrigation over irrigation status practiced was found in study area with the average low quarter adequacy of 1.14. The existing irrigation application efficiencies of irrigated fields at ETANA SSIS are poor having a mean value of AE and LQDU are 62% and 0.93.

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DESEMPENHO DA IRRIGAÇÃO POR SULCOS NA TOMATICULTURA-DE-MESA DA REGIÃO DE CAMPINAS-SP.

Irriga ◽

10.15809/irriga.2009v14n3p289-298 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 289-298 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Eder Pereira Gomes ◽

Roberto Testezlaf

Keyword(s):

Distribution Systems ◽

Irrigation System ◽

Irrigation Management ◽

Furrow Irrigation ◽

Irrigation Performance ◽

Deep Percolation ◽

Performance Parameters ◽

Storage Efficiency ◽

Fresh Market ◽

Application Efficiency

DESEMPENHO DA IRRIGAÇÃO POR SULCOS NA TOMATICULTURA-DE-MESA DA REGIÃO DE CAMPINAS-SP. Eder Pereira Gomes1; Roberto Testezlaf21Departamento de Agronomia. Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR,[email protected] de Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campus Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, SP 1 RESUMO A região de Campinas é uma das maiores produtoras de tomate-de-mesa do Brasil. O sistema de irrigação por sulcos adotado tradicionalmente pelos tomaticultores dessa região apresenta uso excessivo de água, principalmente pela forma como é conduzido, na qual a vazão total bombeada é distribuída em canais de solo nu aos talhões plantados e pela a falta de controle do manejo de irrigação. Procurando identificar as principais causas de perdas de água, avaliou-se durante cinco eventos consecutivos, um sistema de irrigação por sulcos implantado em um propriedade produtora de tomate de mesa da região, determinando-se em campo os parâmetros de desempenho: eficiência de aplicação, eficiência de armazenamento, grau de déficit, perdas por escoamento superficial e por percolação. Adicionalmente, avaliou-se, no final da safra, a eficiência de uso da água para a cultura. Baseado nos resultados observou-se que os valores de eficiência de aplicação estiveram compreendidos entre 25,3 e 32,2%, com perdas por percolação compreendidas entre 62,3 e 74,1%. Os valores dos parâmetros de desempenho encontrados demonstram que o manejo de irrigação adotado proporciona baixos valores de eficiência de aplicação, devido principalmente a elevada perda por percolação. Esses resultados mostram a necessidade dos produtores em adotar algum critério técnico de manejo de irrigação e de buscar mudanças tecnológicas no sistema de distribuição de água nos talhões. UNITERMOS: eficiência de aplicação, perdas de água, eficiência de armazenamento. GOMES, E. P; TESTEZLAF, R. FURROW IRRIGATION PERFORMANCE IN FRESH-MARKET-TOMATOES PRODUCTION IN THE REGION OF CAMPINAS, BRAZIL 2 ABSTRACT The region ofCampinasis one of the largest producer of fresh market tomatoes inBrazil. However, the furrow irrigation system usually adopted by the farmers is known by its high water consumption; due to lack of water management and to its distribution in bare soil open channels. In order to identify the major causes of water loss, a furrow irrigation system traditionally employed in the region was evaluated. The following irrigation performance parameters were determined under field conditions: water application efficiency, storage efficiency, deficit degree, runoff and deep percolation losses. Additionally, the water use efficiency was evaluated at the end of the crop cycle. Based on the obtained results, it was observed that the values of application efficiency were between 25.3 and 32.2%, with deep percolation losses between 62.3 and 74.1%. The values of the irrigation performance parameters demonstrated that the adopted irrigation management provides low values of application efficiency, mainly due to high losses by percolation. These results showed that farmers need to implement some technical criteria to manage the irrigation practices and search for technological changes in the water distribution systems. KEYWORDS: application efficiency, water losses, soil water storage efficiency.

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PELAKSANAAN PELAYANAN PUBLIK DI BIDANG PENGAIRAN IRIGASI PERTANIAN DI KABUPATEN LOMBOK TIMUR DI TINJAU DARI UNDANG¬-UNDANG NOMOR 17 TAHUN 2019 TENTANG SUMBER DAYA AIR

JURIDICA : Jurnal Fakultas Hukum Universitas Gunung Rinjani ◽

10.46601/juridica.v3i1.193 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 78-94

Author(s):

Zulhadi Lalu

Keyword(s):

Food Security ◽

Large Scale ◽

Agricultural Sector ◽

Irrigation System ◽

Irrigation Management ◽

Small Scale ◽

Irrigation Performance ◽

Irrigation Systems ◽

Irrigation Development ◽

Problems And Solutions

Irrigation facilities is one of the key factors in farming, especially for food crop farming, including rice. A smallscale irrigation system has an area of less than 500 hectares, and it is the backbone of family food security which in turn will lead to national food security. Damage irrigation system networks will threaten food production increase. In the future, irrigation infrastructure must be better managed so that agricultural sector can realize agricultural diversification, conserve wider irrigation system and maintain local wisdom and social capital in irrigation management. The objective of the paper is to analyze performance, problems and solutions of small irrigation systems in Indonesia, including small irrigation concepts and understanding, small irrigation performance and development, small irrigation development policies, factors affecting smallscale irrigation development, investments, and prospects. The paper also compares various performances, problems and solutions of small irrigation systems in other countries. Small scale irrigation performance is often better than large-scale irrigation, in the sense of water availability throughout the year and equitable water distribution for all service areas

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Effect of Pulse Drip Irrigation Duration on Water Distribution Uniformity

Water ◽

10.3390/w12082276 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (8) ◽

pp. 2276

Author(s):

David Lozano ◽

Natividad Ruiz ◽

Rafael Baeza ◽

Juana I. Contreras ◽

Pedro Gavilán

Keyword(s):

Drip Irrigation ◽

Water Distribution ◽

Crop Yields ◽

Irrigation System ◽

Irrigation Schedule ◽

Sandy Soils ◽

Field Evaluation ◽

Irrigation Performance ◽

Standard Procedures ◽

Distribution Uniformity

Developing an appropriate irrigation schedule is essential in order to save water while at the same time maintaining high crop yields. The standard procedures of the field evaluation of distribution uniformity do not take into account the effects of the filling and emptying phases of the irrigation system. We hypothesized that, in sloping sandy soils, when short drip irrigation pulses are applied it is important to take into account the total water applied from the beginning of irrigation until the emptying of the irrigation system. To compute distribution uniformity, we sought to characterize the filling, stable pressure, and emptying phases of a standard strawberry irrigation system. We found that the shorter the time of the irrigation pulse, the worse the distribution uniformity and the potential application efficiency or zero deficit are. This effect occurs because as the volume of water applied during filling and emptying phases increases, the values of the irrigation performance indicators decrease. Including filling and emptying phases as causes of non-uniformity has practical implications for the management of drip irrigation systems in sloping sandy soils.

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Feasibility study of gravity drip irrigation for small scale farmers

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING ◽

10.15740/has/ijae/13.2/179-187 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 179-187

Author(s):

Abhishek Mishra ◽

Arpan Sherring

Keyword(s):

Water Resources ◽

Feasibility Study ◽

Drip Irrigation ◽

Agricultural Production ◽

Irrigation System ◽

Small Scale ◽

Vegetable Crops ◽

Distribution Uniformity ◽

Small Scale Farmers ◽

Set Up

Gravity fed drip irrigation techniques have been used in the small agricultural production as an advanced water saving irrigation method in recent times. However advantageous this method, there are still some difficulties in projecting the efficiency of such systems. Most especially, feasibility study of gravity drip irrigation for small scale farmers is very important in order to set up an efficient irrigation system. This study is focused to test the feasibility of the drip irrigation the experiment was run and Uniformity co-efficient and Distribution uniformity. In the study, the discharge of emitters at 1.0 m and 0.5 m emitter spacing and 1.0 m lateral spacing and for four irrigation durations (15 minutes, 30 minutes, 60 minutes and 120 minutes) was measured. The results clearly indicates that the selected emitters of 4 LPH rated discharge and 2.0 kg/cm2 pressure when used under gravity drip irrigation and at about 0.5-0.8 kg/cm2 pressure, discharges between 1.8-2.5 LPH. 6. The gravity drip irrigation can meet the water requirement of vegetable crops with acceptable UC and DU and can be a better solution for small scale farmers of the region in order to save the scarce fresh water resources.

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Determination of optimum irrigation scheduling for sorghum in Benna-Tsemay Woreda, Southern Ethiopia

International Journal of Agricultural Research Innovation and Technology ◽

10.3329/ijarit.v11i2.57261 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 95-102

Author(s):

TM Lebiso ◽

MM Mada

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture ◽

Water Use Efficiency ◽

Water Use ◽

Irrigation System ◽

Water Productivity ◽

Irrigation Scheduling ◽

Furrow Irrigation ◽

Southern Ethiopia ◽

Small Scale ◽

Use Efficiency

Scarcity of water is the most severe constraint for sustainable development of agriculture in arid and semi-arid areas. Hence, novel irrigation water application systems need to be developed so that high crop yield and water productivity per unit of land can be increased. Thus, the field experiment was conducted with the objective of determining the effect of different soil moisture depletion levels on yield and water use efficiency of sorghum crop in Benna-Tsemay woreda at Enchete kebele, Southern Ethiopia. The experiment was conducted for two consecutive years (2019-2020). It was arranged in RCBD with three replications and treatment was rated for five levels of available soil moisture depletion (ASMD), where T1 = 60%, T2 = 80%, T3 = 100%, T4 = 120%, and T5 = 140% of ASMD. Analysis of variance has shown that yield and water use efficiency of sorghum crop was significantly (P < 0.05) affected by irrigation scheduling. As observed in this study, the most economically attractive and environmentally accepted for small scale farmers with tolerable cost of production and higher net benefit was obtained by application of T3 (100% ASMD) under conventional furrow irrigation system. Therefore, for this particular sorghum crop (teshale variety), it could be concluded that increased water saving and water productivity through irrigation at 100% ASMD under conventional furrow irrigation system can solve the problem of water shortage and would ensure the opportunity of further irrigation development in the study area and similar agro-ecology. Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 11(2): 95-102, Dec 2021

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INFLUÊNCIA DA LÂMINA REQUERIDA NO DESEMPENHO DA IRRIGAÇÃO POR SULCO

Irriga ◽

10.15809/irriga.2003v8n1p51-62 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 51-62

Author(s):

Carlos Alberto Vieira de Azevedo ◽

Roberto Vieira Pordeus ◽

Jonildo Irenildo Silveira ◽

Vera Lúcia Antunes de Lima ◽

José Dantas Neto

Keyword(s):

Simulation Model ◽

Water Depth ◽

Management Strategy ◽

Irrigation System ◽

Furrow Irrigation ◽

Soil Types ◽

Irrigation Performance ◽

Surface Irrigation ◽

Irrigation Condition ◽

E Mail

INFLUÊNCIA DA LÂMINA REQUERIDA NO DESEMPENHO DA IRRIGAÇÃO POR SULCO Carlos Alberto Vieira de Azevedo Roberto Vieira Pordeus Jonildo Irenildo SilveiraVera Lúcia Antunes de Lima José Dantas NetoDepartamento de Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Campina Grande, PB. CEP 58109-970. E-mail: [email protected] 1 RESUMO No Brasil, assim como na maioria dos outros países, o sistema de irrigação por sulcos é um dos mais utilizados. Dessa forma, esta pesquisa objetivou avaliar a influência da lâmina requerida no desempenho desse sistema, para diferentes tipos de solo e comprimento de sulco. A análise de sensibilidade do desempenho foi desenvolvida mediante simulações do processo da irrigação por sulco, feitas pelo procedimento matemático hidrodinâmico do modelo SIRMOD (Surface Irrigation Simulation Model). Em todos os estudos de caso adotou-se a estratégia de manejo com vazão constante e a condição de irrigação adequada. As simulações foram realizadas em quatro tipos de solo, seis lâminas d’água e quatro comprimentos de sulco. Para os tipos de solo estudados observa-se que, no comprimento de sulcos de 100m, a eficiência de aplicação decresce à medida que a lâmina requerida aumenta, mas no sulco com comprimento de 250m ela aumenta sempre que a lâmina requerida também aumenta. UNITERMOS: irrigação por sulcos, desempenho, lâmina requerida AZEVEDO, C.A.V.; PORDEUS, R.V.; SILVEIRA, J.I.; LIMA, V.L.A. DANTAS NETO, J. INFLUENCE OF THE REQUIRED WATER DEPTH ON THE FURROW IRRIGATION PERFORMANCE 2 ABSTRACT Considering the great using of the furrow irrigation system in Brazil as well as in most countries of the world, this research had the objective of evaluating the influence of the required water depth on the performance of that system, for different soil types and furrow lengths. The performance sensitivity analysis was developed through simulations of the furrow irrigation process performed by the hydrodynamic mathematical procedure of the SIRMOD model (Surface Irrigation Simulation Model). For all case studies, the continuous flow management strategy and the adequate irrigation condition were adopted. The studies were accomplished in four soil types, six required water depths and four furrow lengths. For the soil types studied, it is observed that in the 100m furrow length, theapplication efficiency decreases as the required water depth increases, but in the 250 m furrow length the application efficiency increases as the required water depth increases. KEYWORDS: furrow irrigation, performance, required water depth

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Hydraulic performance of new and used self-compensating micro-sprinklers

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2015v36n6p3517 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 36 (6) ◽

pp. 3517

Author(s):

Stocler Manoel de Andrade ◽

José Renato Zanini ◽

Cristiana Araujo Soares

Keyword(s):

Irrigation System ◽

Hydraulic Performance ◽

Uniformity Coefficient ◽

High Uniformity ◽

Pattern Distribution ◽

Distribution Uniformity ◽

Useful Life ◽

Economic Perspectives ◽

Pressure Compensation ◽

Manufacturing Variation

From the technical and economic perspectives, it is imperative that irrigation systems have extensive durability and high uniformity of application. The objective of this study was to compare the hydraulic performance of new and used (9 years of use with 4265 h of operation) self-compensating micro-sprinklers of the SuperNet LR model. The study was performed in a laboratory to evaluate flow in the range of pressure compensation, coefficient of manufacturing variation or discharge (CVF and CVQ), wetting pattern, distribution uniformity coefficient (DUC), and Christiansen uniformity coefficient (CUC).The new and used micro-sprinklers did not differ in CVF and CVQ, and were rated as excellent; they also did not differ in CUC or DUC. The coverage diameters of the new and used micro-sprinklers were the same as those given in the manufacturer’s catalog. There were no significant differences in the flow rates of the new and used micro-sprinklers when subjected to the same pressure, but significant differences in flow rate were observed within the range of pressure compensation. When installed in an irrigation system, the useful life of micro-sprinklers can be considered to be greater than 9 years with 4265 h of operation.

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Sustainable Water Resources Using Corner Pivot Lateral, A Novel Sprinkler Irrigation System Layout for Small Scale Farms

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app8122601 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (12) ◽

pp. 2601 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Saeed Rad ◽

Lei Gan ◽

Xiaobing Chen ◽

Shaohong You ◽

Liangliang Huang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Distribution ◽

Large Scale ◽

Irrigation System ◽

Sprinkler Irrigation ◽

Cost Effective ◽

System Component ◽

Small Scale ◽

Can Technique ◽

Distribution Uniformity ◽

And Control

Sprinkler irrigation systems are widely used in medium and large scale farms in different forms. However less types are available to apply in small farms due to their high costs. The current study was done according to a novel cost effective design for a semi-permanent sprinkler irrigation system for small farm owners. The new layout known as Corner Pivot Lateral (CPL) was examined in irrigation test center at Lijian Scientific and Technological Demonstration Park, at Nanning city, China. CPL was implemented without a main/sub mainline pipe, by applying a single pivoting lateral at the corner of the plot that directly connected to the resource to convey water from the pump. The lateral moves around the corner using a rotating elbow in a quadrant pattern manually to cover the entire farm. A conventional semi-permanent system was applied for the same farm as reference. A cost analysis on the required components as well as annual operational costs was carried out for comparison and control. Results showed that a lower system component would be needed for the CPL method. Overall, more than a 15% capital cost reduction with 7% annual cost decrement was achieved for CPL in this experiment comparatively. The Catch can technique was applied to examine the CPL system’s efficiency and 79% water distribution uniformity around the sprinkler was obtained. This new method can encourage small estate holders to switch from traditional to pressurized systems which optimizes water application costs.

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Irigasi Kecil: Kinerja, Masalah, dan Solusinya

Forum penelitian Agro Ekonomi ◽

10.21082/fae.v35n2.2017.91-105 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 35 (2) ◽

pp. 91

Author(s):

Tri Bastuti Purwantini ◽

Rita Nur Suhaeti

Keyword(s):

Food Security ◽

Large Scale ◽

Irrigation System ◽

Irrigation Management ◽

Small Scale ◽

Irrigation Performance ◽

Irrigation Systems ◽

Irrigation Development ◽

Problems And Solutions ◽

Small Scale Irrigation

Irrigation facilities is one of the key factors in farming, especially for food crop farming, including rice. A small-scale irrigation system has an area of less than 500 hectares, and it is the backbone of family food security which in turn will lead to national food security. Damage irrigation system networks will threaten food production increase. In the future, irrigation infrastructure must be better managed so that agricultural sector can realize agricultural diversification, conserve wider irrigation system and maintain local wisdom and social capital in irrigation management. The objective of the paper is to analyze performance, problems and solutions of small irrigation systems in Indonesia, including small irrigation concepts and understanding, small irrigation performance and development, small irrigation development policies, factors affecting smallscale irrigation development, investments, and prospects. The paper also compares various performances, problems and solutions of small irrigation systems in other countries. Small scale irrigation performance is often better than large-scale irrigation, in the sense of water availability throughout the year and equitable water distribution for all service areas. AbstrakSarana irigasi merupakan faktor penting dalam usaha tani khususnya tanaman pangan. Sistem irigasi kecil dengan luas oncoran kurang dari 500 ha merupakan tulang punggung ketahanan pangan keluarga yang pada gilirannya bermuara pada ketahanan pangan tingkat nasional. Kerusakan jaringan sistem irigasi akan mengancam peningkatan produksi pangan. Di masa yang akan datang, infrastruktur irigasi harus dikelola secara lebih baik agar sektor pertanian dapat mewujudkan diversifikasi pertanian, semakin luasnya konservasi sistem irigasi, serta kearifan lokal dan modal sosial dalam pengelolaan irigasi dapat terpelihara. Tulisan ini bertujuan menganalisis kinerja, masalah dan solusi sistem irigasi kecil di Indonesia, termasuk konsep dan pengertian irigasi kecil, kinerja dan perkembangan irigasi kecil, kebijakan pengembangan irigasi kecil, faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pengembangan investasi irigasi kecil, dan prospek pengembangan irigasi kecil. Dalam tulisan ini juga dibandingkan berbagai kinerja, masalah dan solusi dari sistem irigasi kecil di negera-negara lain. Kinerja irigasi kecil seringkali lebih baik dari irigasi skala besar, dalam arti ketersediaan air sepanjang tahun dan terdapat keadilan pembagian air untuk seluruh wilayah oncorannya.

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Estimation of Infiltration Parameters and Manning Roughness with SIPAR_ID Software

International Journal of Life Sciences ◽

10.3126/ijls.v9i5.12700 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 70-74 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Seyed Mahmoud Tabatabaei ◽

Rasoul Asadi

Keyword(s):

Field Experiments ◽

Measured Data ◽

Furrow Irrigation ◽

Irrigation Performance ◽

Surface Irrigation ◽

Proper Selection ◽

Manning Roughness ◽

Inflow Discharge ◽

Selection Of ◽

Infiltration Parameters

Estimation of infiltration parameters is very difficult in furrow irrigation while they have very important effect in design and evaluation of surface irrigation systems. There are different methods for estimating infiltration parameters based on mathematical models such as SIPAR_ID model. SIPAR_ID model uses inverse solution to estimation of infiltration parameters and manning roughness. The objective of this study is to evaluate these models to estimate infiltration parameters in furrow irrigation. The study consisted of field experiments and numerical simulation. Field experiments were conducted in Zarand district of Iran in April 2012. Infiltration parameters and Manning roughness values were estimated with SIPAR_ID software. The estimated values were put into the WinSRFR software, and then the advance trajectory, flow depths in the upstream, and irrigation performance were simulated on each test furrow. The results showed that the simulated values with the WinSRFR software were in excellent agreement with the measured data. Therefore, the infiltration parameters and manning roughness estimated with SIPAR_ID software were reliable. Also that adequate and efficient irrigation can be obtained using closed-end furrows through a proper selection of inflow discharge and cutoff time.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijls.v9i5.12700

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