scholarly journals Diagnostic value of integrated immunohematological indices as markers of chronic stress in laying hens

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-25
Author(s):  
Yu. Osadcha ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Lymphocyte To Monocyte Ratio ◽  
General Index ◽  
High Level

The study of stress in the conditions of industrial technologies of keeping laying hens and determining the level of technological stressors influence on the physiological state of poultry is a necessary condition for the development of new methods of stress prevention in choosing the best ways to keep them. The aim of the study was to determine the informativeness of integrated immunohematological indices for the diagnosis of stress-induced disorders in laying hens under the influence of technological stressors of varying intensity. Chronic technological stress was modeled by long-term keeping of laying hens at high planting density. The intensity of the stressor was determined by increasing the density of laying hens. Integral immunohematological indices were determined on the basis of an extended general blood test. It has been found that in laying hens, which due to prolonged exposure to high density were in a state of chronic stress, there is a high level of endogenous intoxication and impaired immunological reactivity, as evidenced by increased Leukocyte shift index, Immunoreactivity index, Leukocyte to erythrocyte sedimentation rate ratio, lymphocyte to monocyte ratio, heterophil to monocyte ratio. It is shown that under chronic stress in laying hens there is activation of the cellular part of the immune system, active adaptive response of white blood, as well as the predominance of delayed-type reactions over immediate-type hypersensitivity, as indicated decrease in lymphocyte-granulocyte index, general index, lymphocytic index and lymphocyte to eosinophil ratio. Thus, integrated immunohematological indices are promising markers for the diagnosis of chronic stress in laying hens.

INFLUENCE OF HIGH-PROTEIN FEED ADDITIVE ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF THE MEAT BULL-CALVES

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (3) ◽  
pp. 6-11
Author(s):  
Батырхан Абилов ◽  
Batyrkhan Abilov ◽  
Лариса Пашкова ◽  
Larisa Pashkova
Keyword(s):  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Agricultural Enterprise ◽  
Bull Calves ◽  
Economic Indices ◽  
High Level

The article presents the data obtained as a result of carrying by employees of the Research Institute of sheep and goat breeding, a branch of the FSBSI "North Caucasus FARC", the scientific and economic experience to study the efficiency of a new fodder additive "Organic" on the productive and physiological indices of bull-calves during the completion of growing in the conditions of the farm "Pata" agricultural enterprise in the Karachay-Cherkessia Republic. The statement of the experience and all researches were carried out according to generally accepted methods. In the course of the experiment, the following indices were studied: the chemical compound of forages, the dynamics of a live weight gain in the experimental stock, hematological parameters, control slaughter data, economic indices. Completed researches have shown positive result from the use of the fodder additive "Organic" in bull-calves diets: an increase in the average daily gain of live weight by 25%, a slaughter yield by 1% and a high level of profitability – 27%. Thus, the additional introduction of "Organic" in a diet of young horned cattle in the 2nd experimental group promoted more intensive metabolism, stabilization of a physiological state, increase in productivity and, as a consequence, profitability of beef production. Researches in this direction reveal the latent fodder reserves promoting increase in the productivity of agricultural animals.

Association of the Individualizing and Binding Moral Foundations with Conceptions of Motherland in Russia

2021 ◽  
pp. 107-127
Author(s):  
O.A. Sychev ◽  
◽  
K.I. Belousov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Moral Foundations ◽  
Moral Norms ◽  
Positive Image ◽  
Russian Version ◽  
Moral Content ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
High Level

Patriotism and attitude to the motherland attract much interest of researchers in the field of social sciences, although psychological foundations of these phenomena have not been sufficiently studied. On the basis of Moral Foundations Theory (by J. Haidt) we hypothesized that the characteristics of the moral sphere may be associated with some ideas about the motherland. In particular, binding moral foundations (including loyalty, authority and purity) which are more typical for conservatives should support positive patriotic ideas about the homeland. The low level of binding moral foundations can be related with a critical attitude towards the motherland, the presence of negative assessments of their country. This assump-tion is supported by the results of past studies of patriotism among individuals with different ideological views. The individualizing moral foundations dominating among liberals can be associated with a less global and narrower view of the motherland, which is linked with con-cepts of “family” and “home” rather than “society” or “country”. The aim of this study was to analyze the association between the individualizing and binding moral foundations with the content of ideas about the motherland. The important task of the study was to develop the Russian version of the moral foundations dictionary, which is necessary for analyzing the moral content of ideas about the motherland. To test the hypotheses we conducted a paper-pencil and online survey, obtained data included the answers on Moral Foundations Question-naire and textual answers characterizing the image of the motherland. The sample comprised 831 people (72% women) from 11 regions of Russia. Text responses were processed via com-puter content analysis in the LIWC program (by J. Pennebaker) using the moral foundations dictionary (all categories) and the general dictionary (10 categories most relevant to the prob-lem). To analyze the relations between the results of content analysis and MFQ questionnaire we calculated correlations of the individualizing and binding moral foundations with the presence or absence of each category in the participants’ responses. The results of the correlation analysis indicate that the individualizing moral foundations supports relatively narrow ideas about the motherland, associated with family and home, while people with a high level of binding moral foundations associate the motherland mostly with society and religion. Binding moral founda-tions support a positive image of the motherland, which is manifested in the more frequent use of positive assessments and avoidance of negative evaluations. Persons with a high level of binding moral foundations tend to ignore negative phenomena in the country, reflecting a violation of the individualizing moral norms (care and fairness). In particular, they less often mention violations of human rights and the poverty of the country's inhabitants. The necessary condition analysis revealed the effect of binding moral foundations as a necessary but insuffi-cient condition for maintaining a positive image of the motherland and the absence of negative ideas about it.

scholarly journals Invertase and sucrose synthase activities in coffee plants sprayed with sucrose solution

2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Carlos da Silva ◽  
José Donizeti Alves ◽  
Amauri Alves de Alvarenga ◽  
Marcelo Murad Magalhães ◽  
Dárlan Einstein do Livramento ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sucrose Synthase ◽  
Sucrose Solution ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Total Soluble Sugar ◽  
Coffee Plants ◽  
Sugar Levels ◽  
High Level

One management practice of which the efficiency has not yet been scientifically tested is spraying coffee plants with diluted sucrose solutions as a source of carbon for the plant. This paper evaluates the effect of foliar spraying with sugar on the endogenous level of carbohydrates and on the activities of invertase and sucrose synthase in coffee (Coffea arabica L.) seedlings with reduced (low) and high (normal) levels of carbon reserve. The concentrations used were 0.5 and 1.0% sucrose, and water as a control. The use of sucrose at 1.0% caused an increase in the concentration of total soluble sugars in depauperate plants, as well as increased the activity of the following enzymes: cell wall and vacuole acid invertase, neutral cytosol invertase and sucrose synthase. In plants with high level of carbon reserve, no increments in total soluble sugar levels or in enzymatic activity were observed. Regardless of treatments or plants physiological state, no differences in transpiration or stomatal conductance were observed, demonstrating the stomatal control of transpiration. Photosynthesis was stimulated with the use of 0.5 and 1.0 % sucrose only in depauperate plants. Coffee seedling spraying with sucrose is only efficient for depauperate plants, at the concentration of 1.0%.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Chlorhexidine-Resistant Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus following Prolonged Exposure

2014 ◽  
Vol 58 (8) ◽  
pp. 4404-4410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carey D. Schlett ◽  
Eugene V. Millar ◽  
Katrina B. Crawford ◽  
Tianyuan Cui ◽  
Jeffrey B. Lanier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Molecular Analysis ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mupirocin Resistance ◽  
High Level ◽  
Study Participants

ABSTRACTChlorhexidine has been increasingly utilized in outpatient settings to control methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) outbreaks and as a component of programs for MRSA decolonization and prevention of skin and soft-tissue infections (SSTIs). The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of chlorhexidine resistance in clinical and colonizing MRSA isolates obtained in the context of a community-based cluster-randomized controlled trial for SSTI prevention, during which 10,030 soldiers were issued chlorhexidine for body washing. We obtained epidemiological data on study participants and performed molecular analysis of MRSA isolates, including PCR assays for determinants of chlorhexidine resistance and high-level mupirocin resistance and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). During the study period, May 2010 to January 2012, we identified 720 MRSA isolates, of which 615 (85.4%) were available for molecular analysis, i.e., 341 clinical and 274 colonizing isolates. Overall, only 10 (1.6%) of 615 isolates were chlorhexidine resistant, including three from the chlorhexidine group and seven from nonchlorhexidine groups (P> 0.99). Five (1.5%) of the 341 clinical isolates and five (1.8%) of the 274 colonizing isolates harbored chlorhexidine resistance genes, and four (40%) of the 10 possessed genetic determinants for mupirocin resistance. All chlorhexidine-resistant isolates were USA300. The overall prevalence of chlorhexidine resistance in MRSA isolates obtained from our study participants was low. We found no association between extended chlorhexidine use and the prevalence of chlorhexidine-resistant MRSA isolates; however, continued surveillance is warranted, as this agent continues to be utilized for infection control and prevention efforts.

scholarly journals The History of Science and the History of Knowledge

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-90
Keyword(s):  
History Of Science ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Manhattan Project ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Contemporary History ◽  
History Of Knowledge ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
History Of ◽  
High Level

The article examines the state of the history of science as a discipline and its objectives in the context of its origins and current transformations. The establishment of this discipline and its assumptions about the nature of science together with its goals and structure are briefly discussed. The history of science became a discipline only at the beginning of the second half of the 20th century, and its start is associated with the work of chemist James Conant, a high-level administrator in Manhattan project who was also president of Harvard University and a high-ranking bureaucrat. It was based also on the narrative developed by Alfred North Whitehead, Edwin Burtt, Alexandre Koyré and other historians of science, which claimed modern science was the creator of modernity and a necessary condition for the geopolitical domination of the West. In that understanding, modern science meant science since the time of Galileo and Newton. The author provides a critical analysis of this foundation narrative for the discipline and of its consequences while showing how contemporary history of science has overcome it. The contradiction between modernism and historicism has been resolved in favor of the latter. A key role in this was played by the book The Structure of Scientific Revolutions by Thomas Kuhn, which held the potential to undo the presumed monolithic unity of science by rejecting teleology and introducing incommensurability and discontinuities into the historical process. By rejecting explanation of the knowledge of other times and places in terms of modern science, the discipline faced a radical multiplication of independent types of knowledge. This was facilitated by the reorientation to the study of knowledge practices that took place in the 1980s. As a result, the subject matter of the history of science began to erode, and this launched discussion of the prospects for a transition to a history of knowledge based on the study of practices. The sweep of this change of vision is illustrated by the example of classifying sciences according to both their subject matter and the similarities in their research practices. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of the new discipline along with its prospects and the challenges it faces are discussed.

scholarly journals Chronic Stress Promotes the Progression of Pressure Overload-Induced Cardiac Dysfunction Through Inducing More Apoptosis and Fibrosis

2015 ◽  
pp. 325-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. LIU ◽  
X. WANG ◽  
Z. MEI ◽  
J. GONG ◽  
X. GAO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Cardiac Dysfunction ◽  
Cardiac Fibroblasts ◽  
Pressure Overload ◽  
Chronic Restraint Stress ◽  
Neonatal Rats ◽  
Aortic Constriction ◽  
Collagen Expression ◽  
Abdominal Aortic ◽  
High Level

Stress serves as a risk factor in the etiology of hypertension. The present study was designed to decipher the effect and mechanism of chronic stress on the progression of pressure overload-induced cardiac dysfunction. We used abdominal aortic constriction (AAC) to induce pressure overload with or without chronic restraint stress to establish the animal models. Echocardiographic analysis showed pressure overload-induced cardiac dysfunction was worsened by chronic stress. Compared with the AAC rats, there is a significant increase in cardiac hypertrophy, injury, apoptosis and fibrosis of the AAC + stress rats. Furthermore, we found the secretion of norepinephrine (NE) increased after the AAC operation, while the level of NE was higher in the AAC + stress group. Cardiomyocytes and cardiac fibroblasts isolated from neonatal rats were cultured and separately treated with 1, 10, 100 μM NE. The higher concentration NE induced more cardiomyocytes hypertrophy and apoptosis, cardiac fibroblasts proliferation and collagen expression. These results revealed that high level of NE-induced cardiomyocytes hypertrophy and apoptosis, cardiac fibroblasts proliferation and collagen expression further contributes to the effect of chronic stress on acceleration of pressure overload-induced cardiac dysfunction.

Productivity of laying hens when fed probiotic feed additive Amilocin

2021 ◽  
pp. 43-57
Author(s):  
P. P. Kornienko ◽  
E. G. Martynova
Keyword(s):  
Laying Hens ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Normal Microflora

The possibilities of increasing the productivity of different poultry species by increasing the absorption of feed nutrients can be realized through the use of new biologically active components that are usually added to traditional feed based on live cultures of microorganisms of the normal microflora of the gastrointestinal tract. The effectiveness of different probiotic drugs varies depending on the types and strains of microorganisms that are included in their composition, the dose of the drug, the scheme of its use, age, type, physiological state and productivity of animals. The research has been carried out to study the influence of the use of the probiotic feed additive Amilocin in the diets of laying hens of the cross Hisex Brown on their productivity. The positive influence of the studied feed additive on the live weight and livability of laying hens, egg productivity, quality and quantity of eggs obtained, morphological and biochemical parameters of the blood of experimental poultry, slaughter parameters and chemical composition of the meat of experimental laying hens has been established. The optimal rate of introduction of probiotic feed additive Amilocin into the diet of laying hens has been determined (0,5 g/head/day at the beginning of egg laying during 10 days, 1,0 g/head/day at the peak of egg laying during 10 days, followed by 1 g/head/day monthly for 10 days until the end of egg laying). The economics effectiveness of using the probiotic feed additive Amilocin per 1,0 ruble of costs was 1,24– 1,35 ruble. According to the research data recommendations for the use of the probiotic feed additive Amilocin have been proposed.

COMBINATION ABILITY OF SELECTIVE CARP GROUPS DURING TWO-LINE BREEDING

2021 ◽  
pp. 66-77
Author(s):  
G.I. PRONINA ◽  
◽  
A.G. MANNAPOV
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Immune Defense ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Cationic Protein ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Physiological Properties ◽  
Line Breeding ◽  
The Cross ◽  
High Level

This paper presents the results of studying the productive and physiological properties of carp crosses – interline or interbreed hybrids of the first generation. The resulting crosses have a high potential for growth, metabolism, and non-specific cellular immunity. It was found that the studied cross-breeding combinations produced a heterotic effect, which was manifested in different ways depending on the climate zone, planting density, and feeding. In the “Ergeninsky” cross, obtained from crossing the local scaly and Moldavian mirror lines, the true heterosis in relative growth rate amounted to 85–89%. As compared with the parent forms, it has a higher immune defense against pathogens, judging by the large proportion of Mature segmentonuclear neutrophils. The “Mirror” cross is the result of crossing males of the Moldavian mirror line and females of the Volga frame carp that has a scattered scale cover –100%, body weight significantly exceeds the Moldavian mirror parent form. The cross has a smaller proportion of monocytes and neutrophils in the leukogram, and the content of lysosomal cationic protein in the latter is lower, which suggests that these phagocytes are consumed in the process of immune defense. As compared with the parent forms, the cross has more intensive protein metabolism, which can be proved by the high content of total protein and albumins, ALT activity. The lipid metabolism can be determined by the content of cholesterol. The activity of creatine kinase in the “Volzhsky” cross is 2–3 times lower as compared to the initial groups. The “Volga” cross is a reciprocal interbreed hybrid of the Southern zonal type of the Chuvash scaly carp and the Volga frame carp that has a high level of lipid metabolism.

scholarly journals Actors in Social Agriculture Cooperatives Combating Organized Crime in Southern Italy: Cultivating the Ground

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 9257
Author(s):  
Luca Fazzi ◽  
Susanne Elsen
Keyword(s):  
Organized Crime ◽  
Coming Out ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Poverty Rate ◽  
Social Enterprises ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Small Organizations ◽  
Social Environmental ◽  
High Level

Southern Italy suffers from a high poverty rate, unemployment, emigration flows, and a strong presence of organized crime in the field of agriculture. This study seeks to investigate the potential of social enterprises as driving forces for the legal and eco-social development of fragile Southern Italian areas. To work in such challenging contexts requires the development of a high level of resilience, which implies the ability to adapt to difficulties and to overcome crises by coming out stronger than before. The initiatives we detected in Southern Italy are examples for the strength that can come from ideal motivations. In the case of social agriculture initiatives in Southern Italy counteracting organized crime, these motivations are an indispensable condition for their survival and growth. The accumulation of problems and difficulties, however, risks corroding motivations of the actors. This can lead to the withdrawal of members, which can have a serious impact on these small organizations. Thus, idealism is a necessary condition to face the challenges of legal and social environmental development, but it is not sufficient on its own, except in the short term, to allow social enterprises to emerge from extremely precarious conditions. Idealism can support resilience, but by itself, it cannot create a sustainable change. There is, therefore, the need to invest in these social enterprises, in the training of the actors involved, and in the selection and acquisition of the skills for strengthening the efficiency and sustainability of businesses and to foster horizontal structures of mutuality and solidarity to create a supportive environment for these social enterprises and their mission.

scholarly journals High Level of ADA in Pleural Effusion, Diagnostic Value of CEA, NSE, Amylase, Glucose, and Lactic Dehydrogenase for the Differential Diagnosis of Pleural Effusion

CHEST Journal ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 150 (4) ◽  
pp. 558A
Author(s):  
Je Hun Kim ◽  
Chul Ho Oak ◽  
Maan Hong Jung ◽  
Tae Won Jang ◽  
Hyunseung Je ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Pleural Effusion ◽  
Lactic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
High Level
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