scholarly journals Theoretical Foundations and Methodological Problems of the Semiotics of History

2021 ◽  
pp. 225-242
Author(s):  
Andriy Martynov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Space ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
Linguistic Turn ◽  
General Line ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Methodological Problems ◽  
Images Of The Future ◽  
Theoretical Foundations

The article deals with the theoretical and methodological problems of the semiotics of history. Semiotics is the science that studies the sign system. This system is used by people to transfer knowledge and information. Modern governance is semiotic. A separate fact can turn into a sign-symbol. The sign lives its own life in the virtual space, leaving the information space. The modern world is governed by language. The revolution starts with the language. Semiotics changes the epistemological regime. The code provides a communication system. Any code requires decoding. Cultural space codes are ambiguous. The semiotics of history actively interacts with the history of ideologies. The question of the truth of the nationalism doctrine cannot be solved by science, because it belongs to ideology. The name is the essence. In psychiatry, there is the concept of semiotic dementia, when the patient does not understand the meaning of words. Information is distributed among people, therefore it acquires its social significance when it is perceived by people, only under this condition it becomes knowledge. Knowledge helps to act. A prerequisite for this is correct information. Concepts of the information society can be distinguished in the format of semiotics of history. Images have a stronger effect on people than texts. Negative information spreads faster than texts. Virtuality creates the image of the desired world. The images of the future are not neutral. A certain image of the future is set by the present. No one can escape the human prejudice. The semantics of history develops in the general line of the linguistic turn in historical science. In this sense, the methodological and theoretical problems of the semiotics of history are associated with the linguistic problems of consciousness, caused by the imperfection of any language and the ways of its public use

The development of biomedical gerontology in Ukraine – a historical priority

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (2b) ◽  
pp. 35-40
Author(s):  
I. Stambler ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Academic Discipline ◽  
National Development ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
International Growth ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Further Development

Celebrating the 30th anniversary of Ukraine's independence, it is important to remember the historical achievements of Ukrainian science, to honor the heroes of the science of the past and to draw inspiration from their achievements for the development of science of the future. In this regard, the history of medicine, as a special academic discipline, plays a vital role an important academic and civic role, as it helps to trace the medical scientific achievements of the past and draw conclusions about their strengths and priorities for future national and international growth and development. Analyzing the scientific strengths and priorities of science and medicine in Ukraine, it is safe to say that biomedical gerontology is one of the most important scientific and historical values and priorities of Ukraine on a global scale. There are good reasons to continue and develop this tradition, building on the strengths that exist, drawing inspiration from the past and looking to the future. Currently, the development of biomedical gerontology is becoming increasingly important for Ukraine, given the rapid aging of the country's population. The resulting economic and social problems are related to the aging population, which puts biomedical gerontology as a discipline that seeks solutions to achieve healthy and productive longevity, at the forefront of social significance, demanding further development and support of this field for the sake of internal national stability, and to preserve the country's international contribution. It is hoped that the outstanding history of biomedical gerontology in Ukraine, its honorable historical place in national development and international cooperation, will inspire further growing support and development of this field in Ukraine and abroad.

The Image of the Future in the Situation of the Decline of Culture: Contemporary Russia from the Perspective of O. Spengle

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. 323-334
Author(s):  
Inga V. Zheltikova
Keyword(s):  
Contemporary Society ◽  
Creative Activity ◽  
Russian Culture ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Post War ◽  
Conservative Values ◽  
Open Question ◽  
Images Of The Future

The concept of O. Spengler suggests that the history of any culture goes through certain stages of development, the last of which is civilization. During this period creative activity in culture is replaced by mechanical imitation and lost connection with the culture formed by the «pra-phenomenon». The author correlates Spengler’s postulates with the processes of actual social reality and comes to the conclusion that contemporary Russia is going through the stage of civilization. The article raises the question of how the future is seen in this situation. The author uses the term “image of the future”, introduced by F. Polak to understand the disinterest of modern post-war Europe in its future. Thus, the lack of interest in the future can be recognized as another characteristic of the state of civilization. The existence in contemporary Russia of distinct images of the future is an open question. Using the methods of content analysis, the author comes to the conclusion that in Russian contemporary society there exists a retrospective image of the future, focused on conservative values, hierarchy of society and its closed nature to the world. Thus, it is concluded that it is wrong to talk about complete absence of images of the future in contemporary Russia. But the nature and content of these images demonstrate the low level of interest in the future, which also indicates the transition of Russian culture to civilization.

The Future of the Past

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoine Borrut
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Eighth Century ◽  
Historical Writing ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Methodological Problems ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Early Islamic ◽  
Sacred History

Writing the history of the first centuries of Islam poses thorny methodological problems, because our knowledge rests upon narrative sources produced later in Abbasid Iraq. The creation of an “official” version of the early Islamic past (i.e., a vulgate), composed contemporarily with the consolidation of Abbasid authority in the Middle East, was not the first attempt by Muslims to write about their origins. This Abbasid-era version succeeded when previous efforts vanished, or were reshaped, in rewritings and enshrined as the “official” version of Islamic sacred history. Attempts to impose different historical orthodoxies affected the making of this version, as history was rewritten with available materials, partly determined by earlier generations of Islamic historians. This essay intends to discuss a robust culture of historical writing in eighth-century Syria and to suggest approaches to access these now-lost historiographical layers torn between memory and oblivion, through Muslim and non-Muslim sources.

The Oxford Handbook of Adaptation Studies

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Adaptation Studies ◽  
Original Essays ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
Theoretical Foundations ◽  
State Of The Field

This collection of forty original essays reflects on the history of adaptation studies, surveys the current state of the field, and maps out possible futures that mobilize its unparalleled ability to bring together theorists and practitioners in different modes of discourse. Grounding contemporary adaptation studies in a series of formative debates about what adaptation is, whether its orientation should be scientific or aesthetic, and whether it is most usefully approached inductively, through close analyses of specific adaptations, or deductively, through general theories of adaptation, the volume, not so much a museum as a laboratory or a provocation, aims to foster, rather than resolve, these debates. Its seven parts focus on the historical and theoretical foundations of adaptation study, the problems raised by adapting canonical classics and the aesthetic commons, the ways different genres and presentational modes illuminate and transform the nature of adaptation, the relations between adaptation and intertextuality, the interdisciplinary status of adaptation, and the issues involved in professing adaptation, now and in the future. Embracing an expansive view of adaptation and adaptation studies, it emphasizes the area’s status as a crossroads or network that fosters interactive exchange across many disciplines and advocates continued debate on its leading questions as the best defense against the possibilities of dilution, miscommunication, and chaos that this expansive view threatens to introduce to a burgeoning field uniquely responsive to the contemporary textual landscape.

scholarly journals Przyszłość nauk humanistycznych w perspektywie metafilozoficznej

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cyprian Gawlik Cyprian Gawlik
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Context ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Knowledge Development ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
Human Sciences ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Potential Remedy

The purpose of this paper is to ponder upon the future of the humanities from a metaphilosophical perspective inspired by G.W.F. Hegel’s philosophy of the history of philosophy. The need for this reflection follows from the crisis that the humanities are facing today due to global changes in higher education, caused by the domination of the capitalist economy and the dramatic development of technology. The author assumes that the essence of the humanities is determined by the formation of self-understanding (Bildung) and proposes to consider this issue from a broader historical point of view and apart from the institutional context of human sciences, namely in the light of the history of philosophy, understood according to the Hegelian approach as the development of selfknowledge. The paper extensively discusses Hegel’s philosophy of the history of philosophy, as well as subsequent metaphilosophical positions inspired by Hegel’s thought (especially that of August Cieszkowski and Martin Heidegger). As a result, the question about the future of the humanities is transformed into a postulate of reflection on the primacy of technoscientific thinking in the modern world. In line with the Hegelian view of knowledge development – attributing autoperformative function to self-cognition – this kind of reflection is a potential remedy for the crisis currently diagnosed in the humanities.

Is There No Democratic Left in America? Reflections on the Transformation of an Ideology

2003 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alonzo L. Hamby
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
American Exceptionalism ◽  
The United States ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Political Movement ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Interest Group Politics ◽  
Group Politics ◽  
The 1960S

Historians historicize. They attempt to understand the present and make educated guesses about the future by looking to the past. This attempt at prognosticating “the future of the democratic left” primarily in the United States begins with a broad-brush history of “the left” as equalitarian idea and political movement in the modern world, examines its development in the United States within a context of “American exceptionalism,” discusses its transformation in the 1960s, and assays its struggles in the “present day” of the last three decades. A once-revolutionary impulse, it suggests, has surrendered to the necessity of incremental entitlement politics. As a result, it has subjected itself to the hazards of the pragmatic test, the awkwardness of interest-group politics, and the distinct possibility that even success in the quest for universal social provision would fail to alter existing patterns of inequality.

scholarly journals Issues of International and Interchurch Relations in the Work of Holy Council 1917–1918 of the Orthodox Russian Church

2019 ◽  
pp. 176-201
Author(s):  
A. I. Mramornov
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Affairs ◽  
Modern World ◽  
World War ◽  
Russian Orthodoxy ◽  
Local Council ◽  
Ecumenical Movement ◽  
The Future ◽  
Church Relationships ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time

The convocation of the Local Council in 1917, the first Council in over two centuries, had a great significance for the internal life of the Orthodox Church of Russia. But in a period when the World War was still ongoing and there were pressing issues to resolve in the sphere of cooperation of Russian Orthodoxy with other orthodox and non-orthodox churches, the Local Council could not but touch upon the international and inter-church issues. For the first time in the history of Russian Church the official ecclesiastical forum was attended by official elected delegates who served abroad and who could bring the opinion of the foreign part of the Russian Church to its «maternal» part and to provide the mutually beneficial exchange of practices and opinions. Moreover, in a situation when the church was liberated from the tutelage of the state, it became possible to engage with foreign religious organizations not through social organizations or the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, but directly. This opened a way for creating the Church’s own structures which would be responsible for contacts with other confessions, including Old-Catholics and Anglicans, with whom there had already been lengthy unofficial dialogue. The efforts of some historians and publicists shaping contemporary discourse in Russia depict the restoration of the Patriarchate in the Russian Church as the only important act of the Council are challenged by the material presented in this article, which shows how the Council constructed the future position of Russian Orthodoxy in dialogue with the non-Orthodox churches, in its presence abroad and its missions in non-Christian countries. The word of the Council in this sphere was completely new and never before told. The Council was ahead of its time in the issues of international connections (like in many other spheres of its work). Many issues at the Council were expressed for the first time or in a completely new way. How to manage the missions abroad (in Japan, China, Korea, Urmia, and Palestine)? The Council, occupied with the internal problems in the situation of the beginning of persecution against it, could not abandon these missions. How was it possible to unite Russian emigrants abroad? The idea of Paris as a centre of their unification was expressed for the first time at the Council. The scholars who touched upon these issues before analyzed them through the concept of ecumenism (following the participation of the Russian Church in the ecumenical movement). But it seems more appropriate to research them in the context of the time of the Council itself, since it was a time that preceded the emergence of the Ecumenical Movement proper. The author of the article draws a conclusion that during the year of the Council (August 1917 – September 1918) the issues of international and inter-church relationships transformed in its agenda from being of secondary to primary importance. This conclusion allows us to challenge the dismissive perspective that the Moscow Council 1917-1918 was ineffective. Although it did not have time to complete its agenda, the Council was ahead of its time and contributed much for the future mission of the Russian Church in the modern world.

scholarly journals Digital Currencies from the Perspective of Jurisprudence and Law

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 88
Author(s):  
Morteza Chitsazian ◽  
Zahra Khorsandi
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Space ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
Payment Systems ◽  
Profound Change ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Digital Currency ◽  
The Future ◽  
Theoretical Foundations ◽  
Simple Nature

The emergence of digital currencies has drawn a great deal of attention in research projects. Digital currency is a type of money in virtual space that are born on the Internet ground. Along with the introduction of digital currencies in the economy, we have seen a profound change in payment systems that may change the future of money. Digital currencies are money in nature and considered as a property in jurisprudence. According to studies, emergence, extraction, and framework or digital currencies are free of any jurisprudence impediment. Based on theoretical foundations, digital currencies are property and money and given their ambiguities and shortages and the administrative jurisprudence approach, digital currencies may not be approved by the religion while the ambiguities are not solved. Jurisprudence rules namely no damage, destruction and the rule of negation of domination (the sovereignty of non-Muslims on Muslim is not acceptable) are the key rules that limit the extent to which digital currencies are acceptable. At the beginning, digital currencies appear as highly complicated and ambiguous, while, they actually have a simple nature. The essence of digital currencies is not clear despite different opinions stated about them and advantages and disadvantages. The present study is an attempt to introduce efficient strategies to use digital currencies and solve many of the disadvantages. 

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