scholarly journals Mythoanalytical conceptualization of leadership in the sociology of the imagination of G. Durand

2021 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-59
Author(s):  
O. M. Kozhemiakina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Political Leadership ◽  
Social Practices ◽  
Historical Time ◽  
Eternal Return ◽  
Moral Influence ◽  
Basic Ideas ◽  
Gender Archetypes ◽  
Value Changes

Paper dwells upon the theoretical and methodological foundations of leadership, considering key approaches and archetypal theories in modern value changes. The author notes the basis of the classical typology of leadership by M. Weber as manifestations of prereflective, emotional and rationalized trust in the leader. The typological foundations of archetypal leadership patterns based on dominant charisma, context and basic needs are identified. The possibilities of applying the basic ideas of the sociology of the depths of G. Durand in modern concepts of leadership are revealed, drawing attention to the problems of interpreting gender archetypes and their synergistic effects as stabilizing attractors. The main provisions of the philosophy of G. Durand are investigated, emphasizing the possibility of overcoming the logocentric worldview prevailing in Western culture and opening the horizons of visualizing living semantic complexes of archetypes and myths. These categories are proposed to be considered as the primary cognitive and emotional assets of leadership to substantiate the sources of the innovative and self-realization potential of modern leaders. The article analyses the peculiarities of applying mythoanalysis in political leadership, which is undergoing modifications under the diurnal and nocturne regimes in heroic, dramatic and mystical narratives. Paper investigates the features of the mythocritical and mythoanalytic method of G. Durand. It is noted that mythoanalysis expands the mythological narrative to the socio-cultural context of an epoch, country, period, universal social practices, building an ideal myth-model even outside of historical time in the eternal return of myth. The conceptual reformatting of the archetypes of gender leadership discourse in the communicative foundations of moral influence is considered. The communicative aspects of leadership in masculine and feminine motives of hunting and caring archetypes are determined.

Conclusion

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan E. Hylen
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
New Testament ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Social Practices ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
The New Testament

This chapter briefly summarizes the book and its implications for interpreters of the New Testament. The book has argued that conventional virtues like modesty, industry, and loyalty did not negate women’s capacities to own property and act as patrons. Social norms were multiple and complex, and could be applied in different ways depending on the circumstances. Thus, social practices of the period made room for women to exert influence and become leaders and officeholders in their communities. A “modest” woman might be an acknowledged and widely sought leader of her city. This understanding of the cultural context may yield new interpretations of familiar New Testament material. The historical background does not force one single interpretation of any text; readers still face many exegetical decisions. However, the chapter identifies some of the broad implications of the study for New Testament interpretation.

The Poetics of Ruins in Renaissance Literature

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Hui
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Classical Tradition ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Renaissance Literature ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cultural Phenomenon ◽  
The World ◽  
Architectural Decay ◽  
Basic Ideas ◽  
The Aesthetic

When we think of ruins and literature, we usually think of Romanticism. The Poetics of Ruins in Renaissance Literature dislodges this critical commonplace by locating European literature’s fascination with architectural decay in the aesthetic culture from Petrarch to Spenser. The Renaissance was the Ruin-naissance, the birth of the ruin as category of discourse, one that inspired voluminous poetic production. The ruin thus became the material sign—the broken cipher—that marked the rupture between the world of the humanists and their idealized classical past. In the first full-length book to document this cultural phenomenon, Hui explains how the invention of the ruin propelled poets into creating works that were self-aware of their absorption of the past as well as their own survival in the future. To make this case, Hui embraces a philological method, a venerable tradition that has recently undergone a resurgence of interest. Philology is particularly appropriate to the study of ruins, since philology and ruins are both fundamentally about imagining the whole through its parts. Specifically, the book traces three words in three authors as semantic case studies: vestigia in Petrarch, cendre in Du Bellay, and moniment in Spenser. By starting from the smallest unit of linguistic speech—the word—and enlarging our view to its larger cultural context, The Poetics of Ruins in Renaissance Literature not only revises some of our most basic ideas about early modern texts and how they came to be, but also offers a new way for understanding the fundamental theme of survival in the classical tradition at large.

scholarly journals Literacy Practices of Children and Their Mothers in a Specific Social and Cultural Context: Generating New Social Practices

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-64
Author(s):  
J.M. Méndez
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Literacy Practices ◽  
First Graders ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Social Practices ◽  
Intercultural Relations ◽  
Reading And Writing ◽  
Work Analysis ◽  
Cultural Approach ◽  
The Social

This qualitative research is focused on understanding the literacy practices of children and their mothers in a social and cultural context of the state of San Luis Potosí, central Mexico. I will address the results of field work analysis based on the historical cultural approach. I will show how a mother’s participation in literacy practices with a group of elementary school first graders detonated their process of empowerment and generated new social practices that arose from the actors in the educational community, through symmetrical relationships between children, mothers and teachers. The main results addressed are the acceptance of a mother’s participation in literacy practices in her context; intercultural relations identified in social practices through orality, reading, and writing, with reflection on the social and cultural context of their reality and with the performance of a play; and finally, the generation of new social practices in the classroom and in the context.

The Nature of Psychiatric Classification: Issues Beyond ICD-10 and DSM-IV

1999 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Assen Jablensky
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Major Step ◽  
Psychiatric Classification ◽  
Economic Forces ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
The Impact

Objective: The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the methodological underpinnings of current classification systems in psychiatry, their impact on clinical and social practices, and likely scenarios for future development, as an introduction to a series of related articles in this issue. Method: The method involved a selective literature review. Results: The role and significance of psychiatric classifications is placed in a broader social and cultural context; the ‘goodness of fit’ between ICD-10 and DSMIV on one hand, and clinical reality on the other hand, is examined; the nature of psy chiatric classification, compared to biological classifications, is discussed; and questions related to the impact of advances in neuroscience and genetics on psychiatric classification are raised for further discussion. Conclusions: The introduction of explicit diagnostic criteria and rule-based classification, a major step for psychiatry, took place concurrently with the ascent to dominance of a biomedical paradigm and the synergistic effects of social and economic forces. This creates certain risks of conceptual closure of clinical psychiatry if phenomenology, intersubjectivity and the inherent historicism of key concepts about mental illness are ignored in practice, education and research.

Who Are the Rohingya?

The Rohingya ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 27-57
Author(s):  
Nasir Uddin
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Human Geography ◽  
Social Practices ◽  
Eighth Century ◽  
The State ◽  
Demographic Composition ◽  
Historical Trajectory

Chapter 2 places the Rohingyas in the historical, political, and cultural context of Burma/Myanmar. Who they are, where did they come from, and how did they appear in the demographic composition of Burma, now Myanmar; and the human geography of Arakan or what is now called the Rakhine State. It brings in the historical trajectory of Muslim settlements in this region dating back to the eighth century when Arab traders first anchored in the northern Arakan state and settled down there. Among other things, it also critically engages in the debate on whether the emergence of Muslims in Arakan laid down the foundation of Rohingya ethnicity or whether becoming Rohingya was tied to their distinctive social practices, cultural heritage, and continuity of a particular ethnicity. Towards this objective, this chapter explores the historical chronology of different political upheavals that have gradually pushed them to the margin of the state.

The Changing Nature of Childhood and Boyhood

2007 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bertha Mook
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Western Society ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Historical Time ◽  
Central Question ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
The Past ◽  
Phenomenological Studies ◽  
Society Today

Although there is a realization in Western society today that childhood is changing, the topic remains clouded in confusion and contradictory viewpoints. The central question, if and how the nature of childhood itself has changed, has led the author to conduct a metabletic inquiry. Metabletics or the science of change is a human science research approach that incorporates phenomenological methods and seeks to understand a phenomenon by taking its historical development, its social cultural context and relevant synchronistic developments into account. In exploring the changing nature of childhood, historical, metabletic, and phenomenological studies were consulted as well as some selected sources from literature, art, and entertainment that portray the lives of children and, in particular, of boys in the past and in the present. First, a brief historical perspective on the changing nature of childhood from traditional to modern times is presented. This is followed by the concept of modern childhood and its transition to a postmodern childhood. The author aims to describe the essential characteristics of childhood with a focus on boyhood as lived in different historical time periods in order to contribute to a clearer understanding of its changing nature. The present study is exploratory and opens a vast domain that awaits further detailed investigations.

scholarly journals Practices of Educational Volunteerism in History and Today

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-33
Author(s):  
К.А. Бочко
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Social Practices ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Educational Support ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Settlement Movement ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Implementation Methodology ◽  
Method Analysis

Статья посвящена анализу феномена педагогического волонтерства в историческом опыте и современном социокультурном контексте. Целью является изучение исторического развития практик и направлений педагогического волонтерства. Исследование обусловлено наличием трех противоречий, которые характерны для педагогического волонтерства: популярность и недостаточная изученность, большие возможности и отсутствие научно выверенных методов реализации, историческая преемственность и новизна. Основные методы исследования: теоретический и сопоставительный анализ, исторический метод, анализ публицистических материалов. C опорой на теоретические исследования и практические материалы было отслежено историческое развитие педагогического волонтерства, раскрыты его отличительные особенности от других видов социальных практик. Эти особенности иллюстрируют три критерия: волонтерский, педагогический, институциональный. На основе критериев делается вывод, что первые волонтерские педагогические практики получили распространение в деятельности движения «Сетлемент» в США. В статье дан обзор пяти основных направлений педагогического волонтерства в отечественном и зарубежном опыте: наставничество, репетиторство, духовно-просветительское направление, образовательное волонтерство, социально-развивающая деятельность с детьми, оказавшимися в трудной жизненной ситуации. Также были уточнены и обоснованы для использования понятия «педагогическое волонтерство», «волонтер-педагог». The article analyzes the phenomenon of educational volunteerism against the historical background and in the modern socio-cultural context. The aim of the article is to analyze the evolution of various practices and trends of educational volunteerism. The research focuses on three contradictions characteristic of educational volunteering: popularity vs. insufficient investigation, great opportunities vs. lack of developed implementation methodology, deep historical roots vs. novelty. The article employs the following methods of research: theoretical and comparative analysis, historical method, analysis of publicistic materials. The analysis of theoretical research and practical materials enables the author of the article to trace the historical development of educational volunteerism, to investigate its peculiar features that make it different form other social practices. These peculiarities illustrate three criteria: volunteering, educational and institutional. Relying on the criteria, the author concludes that the first practices of educational volunteerism were employed by the adherents of the Settlement movement in the USA. The article analyzes five major trends of pedagogical volunteerism in Russia and abroad: mentoring, guidance, tutorship, spiritual enlightenment, socio-educational support for children in difficult life situations. The article also substantiates such notions as educational volunteerism and teaching volunteers.

scholarly journals Motoric Cognitive Risk Syndrome Using 3-Items Recall Test and Its Association With Falls

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 236-236
Author(s):  
Hayoung Shim ◽  
Miji Kim ◽  
Heeeun Jung ◽  
Yuri Seo ◽  
Seoyoon Jane Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Recall Test ◽  
Fear Of Falling ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Balance Confidence ◽  
Adverse Health Outcomes ◽  
Cognitive Risk ◽  
Sectional Analysis

Abstract Motoric cognitive risk (MCR) syndrome is defined by the presence of subjective cognitive complaints (SCCs) and slow gait. Its components have synergistic effects to predict various adverse health outcomes. However, some studies reported SCCs might be influenced by cultural differences. Therefore, we devised another criterion to assess the cognitive aspect of MCR to enhance its utility irrespective of the cultural background of the subject by examining the association of MCR and its components with fall-related outcomes. This cross-sectional analysis included 2,641 community-dwelling older adults aged 70-84 years from the Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study. These participants did not have dementia and had no difficulties in performing activities of daily living. The newly devised criterion for cognitive aspects of MCR is based on three items recall test on Mini-Mental State Examination. One-hundred-ninety participants (7.2%) met the criteria of MCR using three items recall test. Unlike MCR using SCCs, newly defined MCR showed synergistic effects with fall-related outcomes. Participants with MCR using three items recall test showed a higher risk for falls in the past 1-year (odds ratio [OR] 1.59, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.08-2.34), recurrent falls (OR 1.86, 95% CI 1.10-3.13), fall with injury (OR 1.60, 95% CI 1.10-2.34), fear of falling (OR 2.77, 95% CI 1.90-4.03), and low activities-specific balance confidence (OR 2.86, 95% CI 1.78-4.60) compared to each component, except for fall with fracture. We found MCR with three items recall test helped predict fall-related outcomes in clinical settings regardless of the cultural context.

Institutional-driven dimensions and the capacity to start a business

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 787-813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Carlos M. Pinho ◽  
Douglas Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Latent Variables ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Structural Relationships ◽  
Sample Data ◽  
National Expert ◽  
Framework Conditions

Purpose Drawing insights from institutional theory, the purpose of this paper is to analyse the synergistic effects of a range of entrepreneurial framework conditions (EFCs) on the capacity to start a business within different types of economies. Design/methodology/approach This is a preliminary study that uses data from the National Expert Survey-Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (NES-GEM). Specifically, the data were gathered through the application of a questionnaire to National Entrepreneurship Experts in a cross-cultural context. Two countries – Portugal and Angola – are analysed. Findings Among the five structural relationships involving institutional drivers analysed, four are found to be statistically significant in the Portuguese sample. Three are found to be statistically significant in the Angolan sample. The results from the multigroup analysis did not support most of the proposed relationship between the two countries. Research limitations/implications This study is limited by the number and type of countries selected and by the fact that each sub-sample covers several years. It also relies on the perceptions of national experts on entrepreneurship covering several areas. Another limitation is based on the fact that this study emphasises mainly a macro perspective. Therefore, interpretation of these findings and their generalisation should be made with caution. Originality/value First, this study addresses an area of the GEM model that is believed to be under-researched (NES). Second, the model presented is based on latent variables and analysed through a variance-based method, PLS-structural equation modelling. Third, this study compares the proposed relationships between two sub-sample data sets that represent a factor-driven economy and an innovation-driven economy. Fourth, and most importantly, this study responds to the call for the need to use a new procedure for measurement invariance assessment for composite modelling.

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