scholarly journals Practices of Educational Volunteerism in History and Today

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-33
Author(s):  
К.А. Бочко
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Social Practices ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Educational Support ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Settlement Movement ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Implementation Methodology ◽  
Method Analysis

Статья посвящена анализу феномена педагогического волонтерства в историческом опыте и современном социокультурном контексте. Целью является изучение исторического развития практик и направлений педагогического волонтерства. Исследование обусловлено наличием трех противоречий, которые характерны для педагогического волонтерства: популярность и недостаточная изученность, большие возможности и отсутствие научно выверенных методов реализации, историческая преемственность и новизна. Основные методы исследования: теоретический и сопоставительный анализ, исторический метод, анализ публицистических материалов. C опорой на теоретические исследования и практические материалы было отслежено историческое развитие педагогического волонтерства, раскрыты его отличительные особенности от других видов социальных практик. Эти особенности иллюстрируют три критерия: волонтерский, педагогический, институциональный. На основе критериев делается вывод, что первые волонтерские педагогические практики получили распространение в деятельности движения «Сетлемент» в США. В статье дан обзор пяти основных направлений педагогического волонтерства в отечественном и зарубежном опыте: наставничество, репетиторство, духовно-просветительское направление, образовательное волонтерство, социально-развивающая деятельность с детьми, оказавшимися в трудной жизненной ситуации. Также были уточнены и обоснованы для использования понятия «педагогическое волонтерство», «волонтер-педагог». The article analyzes the phenomenon of educational volunteerism against the historical background and in the modern socio-cultural context. The aim of the article is to analyze the evolution of various practices and trends of educational volunteerism. The research focuses on three contradictions characteristic of educational volunteering: popularity vs. insufficient investigation, great opportunities vs. lack of developed implementation methodology, deep historical roots vs. novelty. The article employs the following methods of research: theoretical and comparative analysis, historical method, analysis of publicistic materials. The analysis of theoretical research and practical materials enables the author of the article to trace the historical development of educational volunteerism, to investigate its peculiar features that make it different form other social practices. These peculiarities illustrate three criteria: volunteering, educational and institutional. Relying on the criteria, the author concludes that the first practices of educational volunteerism were employed by the adherents of the Settlement movement in the USA. The article analyzes five major trends of pedagogical volunteerism in Russia and abroad: mentoring, guidance, tutorship, spiritual enlightenment, socio-educational support for children in difficult life situations. The article also substantiates such notions as educational volunteerism and teaching volunteers.

Conclusion

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan E. Hylen
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
New Testament ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Social Practices ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
The New Testament

This chapter briefly summarizes the book and its implications for interpreters of the New Testament. The book has argued that conventional virtues like modesty, industry, and loyalty did not negate women’s capacities to own property and act as patrons. Social norms were multiple and complex, and could be applied in different ways depending on the circumstances. Thus, social practices of the period made room for women to exert influence and become leaders and officeholders in their communities. A “modest” woman might be an acknowledged and widely sought leader of her city. This understanding of the cultural context may yield new interpretations of familiar New Testament material. The historical background does not force one single interpretation of any text; readers still face many exegetical decisions. However, the chapter identifies some of the broad implications of the study for New Testament interpretation.

Style as a Fragment of the Ancient World

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marian H. Feldman
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Art History ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Social Practices ◽  
Stylistic Analysis ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Social Contingency ◽  
Historical Past

Style in art history is often taken as a fragment or residue of a larger historical past and as such it plays a foundational role in the study of ancient societies. What actually causes style, however, remains vaguely theorized, if considered at all. This chapter reviews a range of theories that explore, to varying degrees, an explanation for style and then proposes an understanding of style as the product of human/social practices, drawing upon concepts such as Giddens’s structuration and Bourdieu’s habitus. It concludes by distinguishing the art historical method of stylistic analysis from that of stylistic interpretation, arguing that stylistic analysis can serve as a universal disciplinary approach, while at the same time acknowledging that what style meant to past viewers/users varied according to specific cultural context and thus must be interpreted from within this context. Because of its social contingency, style is therefore a potent fragment of past practices that survives for our analytic assessment/interpretation. This conclusion is explored through a case study of early Iron Age art from the Levant and Assyria.

Emigrant Psychoanalysts in the USA and the FBI Archives

2004 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Goggin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
National Socialism ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Due Process ◽  
The United States ◽  
External Threats ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Rich ◽  
New Nation

Interest in the fate of the German psychoanalysts who had to flee Hitler's Germany and find refuge in a new nation, such as the United States, has increased. The ‘émigré research’ shows that several themes recur: (1) the theme of ‘loss’ of one's culture, homeland, language, and family; and (2) the ambiva-lent welcome these émigrés received in their new country. We describe the political-social-cultural context that existed in the United States during the 1930s, 1940s and 1950s. Documentary evidence found in the FBI files of three émigré psychoanalysts, Clara Happel, Martin Grotjahn, and Otto Fenichel, are then presented in combination with other source material. This provides a provisional impression of how each of these three individuals experienced their emigration. As such, it gives us elements of a history. The FBI documents suggest that the American atmosphere of political insecurity and fear-based ethnocentric nationalism may have reinforced their old fears of National Socialism, and contributed to their inclination to inhibit or seal off parts of them-selves and their personal histories in order to adapt to their new home and become Americanized. They abandoned the rich social, cultural, political tradition that was part of European psychoanalysis. Finally, we look at these elements of a history in order to ask a larger question about the appropriate balance between a liberal democratic government's right to protect itself from internal and external threats on the one hand, or crossover into the blatant invasion of civil rights and due process on the other.

New understanding and old myths. On I. Esaulov’s Russian Classics: New Understanding [Russkaya klassika: novoe ponimanie]

2020 ◽  
pp. 178-191
Author(s):  
E. V. Abdullaev
Keyword(s):  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Russian Literature ◽  
Eastern Orthodox ◽  
Literary Canon ◽  
Eastern Orthodoxy ◽  
Russian Culture ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Russian Literary ◽  
Methodological Principles

The article examines methodological principles of studying the Russian literary canon in the cultural context of Eastern Orthodoxy, as demonstrated in I. Esaulov’s book. While acknowledging the importance of the book’s method, the article reviews and criticizes the concepts used by the scholar (the Eastern archetype, the Christmas archetype, the categories of Law and Grace, etc.). In particular, the author challenges the statement that a writer populates his works with archetypes prevailing in his culture (so Eastern Orthodox ones in the case of Russian culture), often against his own religious principles. Also subjected to critical analysis is the thesis about the Easter archetype being more specific to Russian literature, with the Christmas archetype being more typical of Western literature. On the whole, the paper argues that the transhistorical approach declared by the scholar as opposed to the rigorously historical method (M. Gasparov and others) may often lead to strained hypotheses and mythologizing; all in all, it may result in an ahistorical perception of both Eastern Orthodoxy and the literary canon.

scholarly journals CEO Turnover, Leadership Identity, and TMT Creativity in a Cross-Cultural Context

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengfei Rong ◽  
Chao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Ceo Turnover ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Top Management Teams ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Top Management ◽  
Leadership Identity ◽  
Positive Effects

Whether chief executive officer (CEO) turnover can improve top management team (TMT) creativity is an important issue that remains to be solved. Based on the theoretical background of CEO turnover, team creativity, and cross-cultural context, this study proposes a theoretical model to answer the question and introduces leadership identity as a moderator simultaneously. The multiple regression analysis of data obtained from 903 executives in 104 top management teams revealed CEO voluntary resignation/internal succession pattern, CEO voluntary resignation/external succession pattern, and CEO forced resignation/internal succession pattern separately had a significant positive impact on TMT creativity in a cross-cultural context; leadership identity partially moderated the relationship between CEO turnover and TMT creativity. According to these findings, only three patterns of CEO turnover could promote TMT creativity, and leadership identity enhanced the positive effects of CEO voluntary resignation/internal succession pattern, CEO voluntary resignation/external succession pattern, and CEO forced resignation/internal succession pattern on TMT creativity in a cross-cultural context. These made up for the lack of theoretical research on the relationships among CEO turnover, TMT creativity and leadership identity, which could provide the scientific guidance to conduct the CEO turnover practice and improve TMT creativity in a cross-cultural context.

scholarly journals On How to Live: Review of the Life and Death of Psychoanalysis by Jamieson Webster

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-120
Author(s):  
Joanna Elizabeth Thornton Kellond
Keyword(s):  
Historical Background ◽  
Life And Death ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Usa

This review provides a somewhat personal response to The Life and Death of Psychoanalysis by Jamieson Webster, whilst also supplying some historical background concerning the status of psychoanalysis within the USA.

The social and cultural context of well-being and physical activity in later life in the USA

2018 ◽  
pp. 9-18
Author(s):  
Jasmin Tahmaseb McConatha ◽  
Karin Volkwein-Caplan ◽  
Amarachi Akwarandu
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Usa

scholarly journals Newborn Screening for SCD in the USA and Canada

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nura El-Haj ◽  
Carolyn Hoppe
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Newborn Screening ◽  
The United States ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Current Status ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Abnormal Hemoglobin ◽  
Hb S ◽  
Laboratory Procedures ◽  
Canadian Provinces

Sickle cell disease (SCD) encompasses a group of inherited red cell disorders characterized by an abnormal hemoglobin, Hb S. The most common forms of SCD in the United States and Canada are identified through universal newborn screening (NBS) programs. Now carried out in all fifty U.S. states and 8 Canadian provinces, NBS for SCD represents one of the major public health advances in North America. The current status of NBS programs for hemoglobinopathies and the screening techniques employed in many regions worldwide reflect in large part the U.S. and Canadian experiences. Although the structure, screening algorithms and laboratory procedures, as well as reporting and follow up, vary between NBS programs, the overall workflow is similar. The current review summarized the historical background, current approaches, and methods used to screen newborns for SCD in the United States and Canada.

Resistance and Persistence: An Expectancy-Value Approach to Understanding Women’s Participation in a Male-Defined Sport

2005 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moira E. Stuart ◽  
Diane E. Whaley
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Significant Others ◽  
Gender Role Socialization ◽  
Expectancy Value ◽  
Role Socialization ◽  
Women's Participation ◽  
The Usa ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Individual

Achievement choices emanate from a variety of individual and contextual factors, including the influence of significant others and gender-role socialization. An understanding of these factors is important for promoting participation in sport, particularly for women engaged in masculine-typed sports. Five members of the USA women’s wrestling team were interviewed regarding the personal and contextual variables that influenced their choice to wrestle. Questions focused on the athletes’ expectations of success and value for wrestling, their identity as a wrestler, the role of significant others, and the cultural context of wrestling for women. Results revealed that each woman had a strong wrestling identity, had high perceptions of ability, and placed high value on achieving in wrestling. Parents and coaches were the main providers of wrestling opportunities; however, negative interpretations of their involvement from a variety of significant others outnumbered positive influences. While the individual factors confirm sources that would lead a person to select and persist at an achievement task, societal messages did not support these choices. Discussion centers on issues of resistance, persistence, and applied messages.

A Literature Review on the Publicness of Chinese Social Organizations

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-107
Author(s):  
Yina Geng
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Social Practices ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Chinese Society ◽  
Research Topics ◽  
Social Organizations ◽  
Political Discourses

Abstract In the transformation of the Chinese society, the production and continuity of the publicness of social organizations affect the process and direction of social publicness. It is found out in this article through the review of relevant literature at home abroad that about the concept formulation of the publicness of social organizations the academic community has two directions: “what is” and “what ought to be.” The concepts of the publicness of social organizations are mainly classified according to social practices and political discourses. The production modes of the publicness of social organization mainly include the endogenous type and the exogenous type. Scholars believe that the alienation, incompleteness and contradiction in the publicness of social organizations are the main current crises and challenges, which are mainly attributed to the internal and external environments of social organizations. Therefore, scholars have put forward paths for fostering the publicness reproduction of social organizations. Based on the perspectives of different disciplines such as politics and sociology, researchers have adopted different approaches and methods. In the future, more efforts should be made to study the publicness of social organizations in elaborating research topics, deepening theoretical research, promoting qualitative research, and strengthening quantitative research.

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