scholarly journals Ivan Bobersky as the creator of the Ukrainian football terminology in Halychyna

2021 ◽  
pp. 75-90
Author(s):  
Iryna Protsyk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Native Language ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Text Book ◽  
Loan Words ◽  
European Languages ◽  
Football Game ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Verbal Definition

This article analyzes the football terms proposed for use in the Ukrainian football discourse by a well-known public figure, the founder of the national physical education and sports tradition Ivan Bobers’kyi. Emphasis is placed on the basic approach of Bobers’kyi to the development of the Ukrainian football terminology – the search for specific equivalents to foreign names (se-mantic derivation) and the creation of terms on national grounds (morphological and syntactic word formation), which would be clear to the general public, easily perceived and assimilated. The most important thematic groups of football vocabulary used by Bobers’kyi in his text-book Zabavy i Hry Rukhovi. Chast III. Kopanyi Miach (Entertainments and Moving Games) have been singled out. The content of these groups of names is demonstrated through a series of syno-nyms to outline a special concept at the initial stage of term formation. Also, modern analogues to the football terms of the early 20th century, unknown today to both football fans and profes-sionals and linguists, are presented. It is argued that the football terminology suggested by Bo-bers’kyi in the first Ukrainian football textbook Kopanyi Miach (Football) proved successful in the creation of the names of football concepts on a national basis. In fact, there are more Ukrai-nian names in all the thematic groups of football vocabulary used by the author in this manual than borrowings, barbarisms, and hybrid names found in the text. Bobers’kyi did not copy foot-ball terminology used in other European languages but searched for a verbal definition for foot-ball concepts trying to preserve the spirit of the native language. In an effort to demonstrate the richness of his native language and its word-formation potential, Bobers’kyi coined the Ukrai-nian term for football kopanyi miach (a kicked ball) – a term that most accurately conveys the dy-namics of the football game itself. It is emphasized that Ukrainians owe to Bobers’kyi not only the dissemination of informa-tion about football but also the beginning of the Ukrainian football discourse in the native lan-guage and the creation of football terminology on a national basis. Keywords: football discourse, Ukrainian football terminology, Ivan Bobers’kyi, native terms, loan-words.

The Interaction of Borrowing and Word Formation

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Source Language ◽  
New Name ◽  
European Languages ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Creation

When a new name is necessary for a concept, word formation and borrowing are possible ways to produce one. As such, they are in competition for the creation of neologisms. However, borrowings can also interact with existing word formation rules. The reanalysis of a borrowing can result in its attribution to an existing word formation rule. The reanalysis of a number of formally similar borrowings can even result in a new word formation rule. Word formation and borrowing both have an inherently diachronic component to them. Historically, Latin was an important source language for borrowing. The effects are found in neoclassical word formation and in many internationalisms. Nowadays, anglicisms have become the most frequent kind of borrowings. Word formation rules may be activated to counter the prevalence of borrowing by creating alternative designations, but they may also be used to integrate borrowings into the lexical and grammatical system of the borrowing language. After an introduction with some theoretical background, twelve case studies present particular situations illustrating different types of interaction of word formation and borrowing in a range of European languages. The concluding chapter describes some general trends that emerge from these case studies.

scholarly journals Word Forming Models of Everyday Talish Vocabulary

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Alexandr Umnyashkin ◽  
Rustamkhon A. Shodiev
Keyword(s):  
Historical Development ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Close Attention ◽  
New Words ◽  
European Languages ◽  
Major Interest ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation

To trace the genesis and historical development of Talish affixes, we have conducted an analysis of different mechanisms of the creation of new words. The lexicological basis that we selected for our research was Talish everyday vocabulary, which contains, for historical reasons, the largest number of archaisms and includes the most ancient layers of the lexicon. We have also conducted an etymological analysis and cited examples from ancient, middle, and modern Iranian languages and several other Indo-European languages. Therefore, as our research has shown, semantic and formal changes of word-forming and form-forming affixes in Talish that take part in the formation of everyday lexicon primarily deserve close attention. The material above is a major interest in studying the history of the development of the Talish language.  It also testifies to the need for a detailed and more in-depth analysis of mechanisms of word-formation in lexis linked to the names of different household items.

scholarly journals Morphological Adaptation of Anglicisms in the Albanian Press

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 143
Author(s):  
Irena Pata Kapo
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Paper Analysis ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Morphological Adaptation ◽  
Life Study ◽  
Loan Words ◽  
European Languages ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
High Level ◽  
Level Resistance

The flux of Anglicisms in Albanian language is a phenomenon of the last two decades. Similarly to many other European languages Albanian has been under the influence of English language for some time now and in a wide range of areas of life, study, etc. This paper, which is only a part of the author’s research study of Anglicisms’ ‘behavior’ in Albanian, aims at analyzing the morphological adaptation of English loan words in Albanian; their grammatical categories, how they adapt to Albanian grammatical system and the changes they go through in order to ‘survive’ permanently, stay and be used temporarily by Albanian speakers or leave the Albanian lexis, due to their equivalents already existing in Albanian or to the high level resistance Albanian language poses to them. This analysis is performed referring to the counterpart categories of these loans in Albanian, thus adaptation of nouns and how does their declension, gender and number fit within the noun category in Albanian, adaptation of adjectives, verbs, adverbs, etc.; a part of this paper analysis are also the acronyms borrowed directly from English, compounds as well as some forms of word formation under the influence of English language.

Norns and Norms

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haun Saussy
Keyword(s):  
Native Language ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
European Languages ◽  
Western European ◽  
Foreign Text

We often hear that certain words or texts are “untranslatable.” At the root of this judgment lies an exaggerated respect for the native language, which must not be altered by contact with other languages. Against this superstition, it is here argued that translation is one of the great movers of change in language, and accomplishes this precisely through the rendering of difficult and unidiomatic texts. At another level, a purported ethics of translation urges that translations should be “foreignizing” rather than domesticating: this too evidences a normative idea of the integrity of the language and culture of the foreign text. Against such defences of purity, a sense of both language and translation as inherently hybrid, and literary language in particular as macaronic, should open to examination the historical individuality of encounters that every translation records. Examples from Western European languages indicate how this hybridity is to be understood.

Coining Compounds and Derivations - A Crosslinguistic Elicitation Study of Word-Formation Abilities of Preschool Children and Adults in Polish and English

2009 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 176-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Haman ◽  
Andrea Zevenbergen ◽  
Melissa Andrus ◽  
Marta Chmielewska
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Picture Naming ◽  
Native Language ◽  
General Pattern ◽  
Naming Task ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Elicitation Study ◽  
American Children ◽  
To Come

Coining Compounds and Derivations - A Crosslinguistic Elicitation Study of Word-Formation Abilities of Preschool Children and Adults in Polish and English This paper examines word-formation abilities in coining compounds and derivatives in preschool children and adult speakers of two languages (English and Polish) differing in overall word-formation productivity and in favoring of particular word-formation patterns (compounding vs. derivation). An elicitation picture naming task was designed to assess these abilities across a range of word-formation categories. Adult speakers demonstrated well-developed word-formation skills in patterns both typical and non-typical for their native language. In contrast with adult results, preschool children predominantly coined innovations conforming to the general pattern of their language: Polish children favoring derivation and American children favoring compounding. The results show that although children are improving their wordformation skills during the preschool years, they need much more experience to come to the mature proficiency in using the variety of word-formation patterns available in their language.

No Sabras in the Fields?

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-143
Author(s):  
Leah Gilula
Keyword(s):  
Native Language ◽  
Actual Number ◽  
Successful Performance ◽  
Tel Aviv ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Hebrew Culture

The Cameri Theatre of Tel Aviv has always presented itself as the first repertory theater in the Yishuv that represented the sabras, creating the impression that its actors and artists were themselves mainly sabras and Hebrew their native language. However, this image, based chiefly on the successful performance of the play He Walked through the Fields, does not reflect reality. The article questions the myth by exploring the actual number of sabra theater artists and actors in the troupe, their place and measure of influence. Exposing this image sheds light on The Cameri Theatre at its beginning as well as on the creation of the image of the sabra, as presented by the character of Uri, and embraced by Hebrew culture.

scholarly journals Samorząd terytorialny w Federacji Rosyjskiej

2016 ◽  
pp. 111-137
Author(s):  
Jacek Zieliński
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Government Formation ◽  
Administrative Reforms ◽  
Direct Participation ◽  
Material Basis ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Creation

The paper is a contribution to the in-depth research on the Russian local selfgovernment. The Author describes the process of formation and constitutional position of local self-government in the Russian Federation. He emphasizes that the process, at its initial stage at present, is related to the ongoing administrative reforms of the country and the creation of a single and effectively enforced nationwide legal area. He indicates the dilemmas both in the area of the material basis of existence of local self-government and its competences. The Author determines stages of self-government formation. Basing on normative solutions, he presents tasks of the Russian local self-government, its structure and authorities. He pays particular attention to the forms of citizens' direct participation in the management of local affairs.

scholarly journals New Phenomena in the Sphere of Derivation Formants as Reflection of the Dynamics of the Russian Language Word-Formation System

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-19
Author(s):  
Natalia Nikolina ◽  
Larisa Ratsiburskaya ◽  
Venera Fatkhutdinova
Keyword(s):  
Word Formation ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Higher Educational Institutions ◽  
Functional Characteristics ◽  
The Creation ◽  
New Phenomena ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Formation System ◽  
Modern Russian

The article considers both new functional characteristics of known word-forming formants and new derivational formants. In modern Russian speech, there has been discovered such a new phenomenon, as the mobility of borrowed elements which can be qualified as affixes (ап, аут, ин, овер). Well-known formants of Greek and Latin origin have proved to perform new pragmatic-stylistic functions: prefixoids нано-, кибер-, крипто-; suffix -оид. These formants are mostly characteristic of terms, but, as the study showed, they can participate in the creation of expressive derivatives. The article uses the material of neologisms in fiction and media texts to identify new formants: prefixes мега-, нон-, он-, оф-; suffixes -инг, -раст; suffixoids -гейт, -оголик; movable formants ап, аут, ин, овер. The appearance of new formants and new semantic and pragmatic characteristics of the known formants reflects the dynamics of the word-formation system of the Russian language, due to the processes of internationalization, "ameroglobalization" in different languages at the turn of the 20 th – 21 th centuries. Neo-derivatives testify to the specifics of knowledge and experience acquisition with the help of word-formation methods and means relevant for a certain period of time. The results of the study contribute to derivatology, neology, pragmalinguistics and can be useful for lecturers and students of higher educational institutions majoring in "Philology" and "Journalism".

scholarly journals A Needs Assessment for Indigenous African Language-Based Programming Languages

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Ezekiel K. Olatunji ◽  
John B. Oladosu ◽  
Odetunji A. Odejobi ◽  
Stephen O. Olabiyisi
Keyword(s):  
Needs Assessment ◽  
Programming Languages ◽  
Programming Language ◽  
Native Language ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
African Languages ◽  
European Languages ◽  
To Come ◽  
High Degree

AbstractThe development of an African native language-based programming language, using Yoruba as a case study, is envisioned. Programming languages based on the lexicons of indigenous African languages are rare to come by unlike those based on Asian and / or European languages. Availability of programming languages based on lexicons of African indigenous language would facilitate comprehension of problem-solving processes using computer by indigenous learners and teachers as confirmed by research results. In order to further assess the relevance, usefulness and needfulness of such a programming language, a preliminary needs assessment survey was carried out. The needs assessment was carried out through design of a structured questionnaire which was administered to 130 stakeholders in computer profession and computer education; including some staffers and learners of some primary, secondary and tertiary educational institutions in Oyo and Osun states of Nigeria, Africa. The responses to the questionnaire were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The analysis of the responses to the questionnaire shows that 89% of the respondents to the questionnaire expressed excitement and willingness to program or learn programming in their mother tongue-based programming language, if such a programming language is developed. This result shows the high degree of relevance, usefulness and needfulness of a native language-based programming language as well as the worthwhileness of embarking on development of such a programming language.

Adjectival Suffixes: From Latin to Romance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franz Rainer
Keyword(s):  
Language Contact ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Romance Languages ◽  
Change Processes ◽  
Semantic Change ◽  
Semantic Categories ◽  
European Languages

All languages seem to have nouns and verbs, while the dimension of the class of adjectives varies considerably cross-linguistically. In some languages, verbs or, to a lesser extent, nouns take over the functions that adjectives fulfill in Indo-European languages. Like other such languages, Latin and the Romance languages have a rich category of adjectives, with a well-developed inventory of patterns of word formation that can be used to enrich it. There are about 100 patterns in Romance standard languages. The semantic categories expressed by adjectival derivation in Latin have remained remarkably stable in Romance, despite important changes at the level of single patterns. To some extent, this stability is certainly due to the profound process of relatinization that especially the Romance standard languages have undergone over the last 1,000 years; however, we may assume that it also reflects the cognitive importance of the semantic categories involved. Losses were mainly due to phonological attrition (Latin unstressed suffixes were generally doomed) and to the fact that many derived adjectives became nouns via ellipsis, thereby often reducing the stock of adjectives. At the same time, new adjectival patterns arose as a consequence of language contact and through semantic change, processes of noun–adjective conversion, and the transformation of evaluative suffixes into ethnic suffixes. Overall, the inventory of adjectival patterns of word formation is richer in present-day Romance languages than it was in Latin.

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