scholarly journals Word Forming Models of Everyday Talish Vocabulary

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Alexandr Umnyashkin ◽  
Rustamkhon A. Shodiev
Keyword(s):  
Historical Development ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Close Attention ◽  
New Words ◽  
European Languages ◽  
Major Interest ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation

To trace the genesis and historical development of Talish affixes, we have conducted an analysis of different mechanisms of the creation of new words. The lexicological basis that we selected for our research was Talish everyday vocabulary, which contains, for historical reasons, the largest number of archaisms and includes the most ancient layers of the lexicon. We have also conducted an etymological analysis and cited examples from ancient, middle, and modern Iranian languages and several other Indo-European languages. Therefore, as our research has shown, semantic and formal changes of word-forming and form-forming affixes in Talish that take part in the formation of everyday lexicon primarily deserve close attention. The material above is a major interest in studying the history of the development of the Talish language.  It also testifies to the need for a detailed and more in-depth analysis of mechanisms of word-formation in lexis linked to the names of different household items.

scholarly journals History of the Study of Imitative in General Linguistics

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 338-344
Author(s):  
D. Akmatova
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Expressiveness ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Close Attention ◽  
New Words ◽  
Part Of Speech ◽  
Special Part ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Linguistic Functions ◽  
General Linguistics

The history of the origin of imitative has ancient roots. People have been interested in imitations since ancient times. Not only linguists, but also even philosophers, psychologists, to one degree or another at different times, have addressed the problem of sound visualization. Imitative vocabulary helps to increase the imagery and emotional expressiveness of the word. However, due to its complex nature, for some time, linguists of various languages did not conduct serious research on the linguistic functions of imitative words. However, they are often found in oral folk art and fiction, giving these texts artistic and poetic meaning, expressiveness, imagery, artistic power and accessibility, liveliness and dynamism, all this has led, now, to the fact that linguists began to pay close attention the study of this unusual group of words. Тhey are divided into types, separated into a special part of speech, they are used in the formation of new words, they act as members of a sentence.

scholarly journals POLISH-LITHUANIAN HERITAGE IN TVER DIALECTS: STAGES OF SEMANTIC EVOLUTION

2021 ◽  
pp. 104-109
Author(s):  
Ирина Михайловна Ганжина
Keyword(s):  
New Words ◽  
Single Root ◽  
European Languages ◽  
History Of ◽  
Tver Region ◽  
Semantic Evolution

Статья посвящена исследованию этимологической истории некоторых лексических диалектизмов с затемненной внутренней формой в говорах Тверской области. Сделана попытка выявить мотивационные характеристики слов, связанных с польско-литовским влиянием, путем проникновения во внутреннюю форму слов, проследить их семантические связи с однокоренными лексемами в других славянских и индоевропейских языках. Анализируются историко-семантические преобразования, которые имели место при возникновении производных значений, в результате которых возникли новые слова, конкретизирующие в диалектах признаки, явления, действия и предметы. The article deals with the etymological history of some lexical dialecticisms with an implicit inner form in the dialects of the Tver region. An attempt is made to identify the motivational characteristics of the words, related to the Polish-Lithuanian influence, by penetrating into their inner forms, to trace their semantic connections with the single-root lexemes in other Slavic and Indo-European languages. The author analyzes the historical and semantic transformations that took place in the process of emergence of derived meanings, which resulted in the appearance of new words that concretize different features, phenomena, actions and objects in dialects.

scholarly journals ON EFIK PREFIXING MORPHOLOGY

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 187-204
Author(s):  
Eyo Offiong Mensah
Keyword(s):  
Noun Phrase ◽  
Basic Assumption ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Vowel Harmony ◽  
Past Tense ◽  
Root Element ◽  
New Words ◽  
Semantic Value ◽  
The Creation

Prefixation is a grammatical devise that involves the attachment of a bound morpheme to the left of a root element or stem. It functions to signal certain grammatical relationships involving categories like tense, negation, person, number, and aspect. It can also trigger off the creation of new words from existing ones. The focus of this paper is to analyse the forms and structure of Efik prefixes in relation to the different phonological and morphosyntactic operations they can signal in the language. The paper also examines the various word formation strategies involving prefixation in the language. The basic assumption, however, is that the structure of Efik prefixes vary according to agreement, and is determined by the principle of vowel harmony. The study discovers that Efik prefixes have systematic and rule-governed structures and that certain conditions, such as the phonology of the stem, the stem’s lexical category and the semantic value of prefixes stipulate their position. We wish to interpret the following abbreviations in order to facilitate our analyses: Adv(erb), Asp(ect), Aux(illiary), Conj(unction), Fut(ure tense), Mod(ality), Neg(ation), N(oun), NP (Noun Phrase), Pres(ent tense), PT(Past tense), Pro(noun), Pfx (Prefix) SC (Subject Concord), Spec(ifier), Tn (tense) and V(erb). 

scholarly journals HISTORICAL CHANGES OF PREFIXES IN ENGLISH WORD FORMATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4(68)) ◽  
pp. 44-46
Author(s):  
A. Ibrahimova
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
English Language ◽  
Development Process ◽  
English Word ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
New Words ◽  
History Of

The vocabulary of literary language of modern English that becomes rich these days we can see from the development process of its word formation. The role of history of prefixes in forming of new words in the word building is extensive. The article was explored the charachteristics of the history of the English language prefixes. During the Ancient and Middle Ages, prefixes were commonly used less in word formation than before. The decrease in prefixes, of course, is due to certain reasons. Some English prefixes, on the other hand, are derived from OE adverbs and prepositions, and ME and NE are more advanced in number in the creation of new words.

The Interaction of Borrowing and Word Formation

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Source Language ◽  
New Name ◽  
European Languages ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Creation

When a new name is necessary for a concept, word formation and borrowing are possible ways to produce one. As such, they are in competition for the creation of neologisms. However, borrowings can also interact with existing word formation rules. The reanalysis of a borrowing can result in its attribution to an existing word formation rule. The reanalysis of a number of formally similar borrowings can even result in a new word formation rule. Word formation and borrowing both have an inherently diachronic component to them. Historically, Latin was an important source language for borrowing. The effects are found in neoclassical word formation and in many internationalisms. Nowadays, anglicisms have become the most frequent kind of borrowings. Word formation rules may be activated to counter the prevalence of borrowing by creating alternative designations, but they may also be used to integrate borrowings into the lexical and grammatical system of the borrowing language. After an introduction with some theoretical background, twelve case studies present particular situations illustrating different types of interaction of word formation and borrowing in a range of European languages. The concluding chapter describes some general trends that emerge from these case studies.

KAIS M. FIRRO, The Druzes in the Jewish State: A Brief History (Leiden, Boston, and Cologne: E. J. Brill, 1999). Pp. 274.

2000 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 432-434
Author(s):  
Hussam S. Timani
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
Jewish State ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Israeli Government ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The University

This well-researched book is a welcome contribution to the study of the Druzes, one of the most under-studied religious groups in the Middle East. The main objective of this book is to trace the historical development of the Druzes in Israel since the creation of the Jewish state in 1948 to the present, and to show that Druze ethnicity was and still is an instrument in the hands of the Israeli government officials and the Druze elite. This book also attempts to show how the Zionists used Druze ethnicity and ethnic issues to pursue their policy aims of alienating the Druzes from other Arabs. In this work, the author, a professor at the University of Haifa, revisits an area he knows well and has already presented in a previous book, A History of the Druzes.

scholarly journals Ivan Bobersky as the creator of the Ukrainian football terminology in Halychyna

2021 ◽  
pp. 75-90
Author(s):  
Iryna Protsyk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Native Language ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Text Book ◽  
Loan Words ◽  
European Languages ◽  
Football Game ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Verbal Definition

This article analyzes the football terms proposed for use in the Ukrainian football discourse by a well-known public figure, the founder of the national physical education and sports tradition Ivan Bobers’kyi. Emphasis is placed on the basic approach of Bobers’kyi to the development of the Ukrainian football terminology – the search for specific equivalents to foreign names (se-mantic derivation) and the creation of terms on national grounds (morphological and syntactic word formation), which would be clear to the general public, easily perceived and assimilated. The most important thematic groups of football vocabulary used by Bobers’kyi in his text-book Zabavy i Hry Rukhovi. Chast III. Kopanyi Miach (Entertainments and Moving Games) have been singled out. The content of these groups of names is demonstrated through a series of syno-nyms to outline a special concept at the initial stage of term formation. Also, modern analogues to the football terms of the early 20th century, unknown today to both football fans and profes-sionals and linguists, are presented. It is argued that the football terminology suggested by Bo-bers’kyi in the first Ukrainian football textbook Kopanyi Miach (Football) proved successful in the creation of the names of football concepts on a national basis. In fact, there are more Ukrai-nian names in all the thematic groups of football vocabulary used by the author in this manual than borrowings, barbarisms, and hybrid names found in the text. Bobers’kyi did not copy foot-ball terminology used in other European languages but searched for a verbal definition for foot-ball concepts trying to preserve the spirit of the native language. In an effort to demonstrate the richness of his native language and its word-formation potential, Bobers’kyi coined the Ukrai-nian term for football kopanyi miach (a kicked ball) – a term that most accurately conveys the dy-namics of the football game itself. It is emphasized that Ukrainians owe to Bobers’kyi not only the dissemination of informa-tion about football but also the beginning of the Ukrainian football discourse in the native lan-guage and the creation of football terminology on a national basis. Keywords: football discourse, Ukrainian football terminology, Ivan Bobers’kyi, native terms, loan-words.

scholarly journals Word formative structure of words with the root lěp- in Old Russian written records

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Galochkina
Keyword(s):  
Word Formation ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Slavic Language ◽  
Derivational Morphology ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
Compound Words ◽  
Old Russian ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation

System of derivational morphology of the Old Russian language has its own characteristics based on the origin of the book vocabulary, which consisted mainly of Proto-Slavic words and calques from Greek words. The main morphological way of word formation was the heritage of the Proto-Slavic language, which developed together with the formation of morphemes as a language unit. Active derivation took place during the formation of the Old Russian book vocabulary. During this period an uninterrupted process began the creation of book translations from the Greek into Church Slavonic. The ancient scribes made extensive use of Greek words calquing, which especially intensified the creation of compound words. Compound words were formed according to the models of Greek composites, but using Russian morphemes. As a result of this process, the lexical fund of the literary language was created, which included words with the root *lěp-. Such words are contained in ancient Russian written records (“Life of St. Sava the Sanctified”, composed by St. Cyril Skifopolsky, “The Life of St. Andrew the Fool”, “The Chronicle” by John Malalas, “The Chronicle” by George Amartol, “History of the Jewish War” by Josephus Flavius, Christianopolis (Acts and Epistles of the Apostles), Uspensky Сollection of XII–XIII centuries etc.). In the article will be considered the word formative structure of words with the root lěp-.

scholarly journals Twitterverse: The birth of new words

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Olga Klymenko
Keyword(s):  
Word Formation ◽  
Related Word ◽  
Social Connection ◽  
Breeding Ground ◽  
New Words ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Labelling Function ◽  
Powerful Mechanism ◽  
The Way

New words are continuously being coined on Twitter, which is regarded as a means of creating and distributing new words, concepts and ideas. Our research focuses on the way Twitter’s apt naming has become one of the richest sources of brand-related word-formation. The current study has identified various productive patterns of new Twitter word-formation, such as affixation, compounding, blending, abbreviation and the powerful mechanism of lexical analogy. We have also identified the most common models used in coining new units of each type. The creation of new Twitter words has various functions and effects: establishing a closer social connection; jocular/mocking function; novelty and originality; desire to follow fashion; and denominative/labelling function. We conclude that in the era of an ever-growing amount of data, the popularity of Twitter has become a breeding ground for new brand-related words that have enriched the modern English vocabulary.

scholarly journals Enriching Learners’ Vocabulary by Means of Derivative Word-Building Patterns

2007 ◽  
Vol 3 (1 (3)) ◽  
pp. 92-95
Author(s):  
Lili Karapetyan
Keyword(s):  
Word Formation ◽  
New Words ◽  
The World ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Creative Abilities ◽  
Communicative Strategy

The English vocabulary has increased greatly in more than 1500 years of development. It is more extensive than that of any other language in the world. Certain processes have led to the creation of many new words as well as to the establishment of patterns for further expansion. Among these processes are affixation, compounding and conversion, which are the three main types of word-formation characteristic of the English language.Since there are few practical rules of compounding and conversion, it would be reasonable to focus on affixation, derivative word-building patterns in particular. Derivative word-building patterns are likely to develop the learners’ receptive and reproductive skills. With the receptive skills the learners make informed guesses about the meaning of unknown items, thus enriching their potential vocabulary. In terms of reproductive skills knowledge of some productive word-building patterns serve to widen the learners’ creative abilities. This can also be viewed as a communicative strategy.

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