scholarly journals Role of Santri Middle Class in Democratization Process in Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-124
Author(s):  
Agus Darmaji
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Relative Deprivation ◽  
Public Services ◽  
Democratic Institutions ◽  
Economic Information ◽  
Political Resources ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
The Relationship

Research on the Roleof Santri Middle Class in Democratization Process in Indonesia was conducted in three cities in Java, i.e. the Cities of East Jakarta, Yogyakarta, and Surabaya. The research was conducted by using quantitative approach and survey method. The data collection method used in this research is direct interview technique, by using questionnaire instrument that was asked to the respondents directly through face to face.There are two types of hypotheses to be proved through this survey research, they are associative and comparativehypotheses.The associative hypothesis verification aims to prove whether there is significant relationship between dependent variable (Y) and independent variable (X) as predictor or not. Inthis research context, the relationship between role in the democratization process as the dependent variable (Y) with predictor independent variables(X) will be tested, which are the literacy of political and economic information(X1), satisfaction to public services (X2), trust in democratic institutions (X3), access to political resources (X4), ideology (X5), and relative deprivation (X6).The comparative hypothesisverificationaims to prove whether there is significant difference between two or more different respondent groups or not. Based on this research purpose, the differences of two respondent groups will be proved comparatively related to their role in the democratization process; they are (1) santrimiddle-class group and (2) groups of santrinon-middle class.There are two types of hypotheses to be proved through this survey research, they are associative and comparative hypotheses. The associative hypothesis verification aims to prove whether there is significant relationship between dependent variable (Y) and independent variable (X) as predictor or not. In this research context, the relationship between role in the democratization process as the dependent variable (Y) with predictor independent variables (X) will be tested, which are the literacy of political and economic information (X1), satisfaction to public services (X2), trust in democratic institutions (X3), access to political resources (X4), ideology (X5), and relative deprivation (X6). The comparative hypothesis verification aims to prove whether there is significant difference between two or more different respondent groups or not. Based on this research purpose, the differences of two respondent groups will be proved comparatively related to their role in the democratization process; they are (1) santri middle-class group and (2) groups of santri non-middle class.From the result of hypothesis associative verification, it is proved that all variables X correlated positively and significantly to variable Y. With this result, then the literacy of political and economic information (X1), satisfaction to public services (X2), trust in democratic institutions (X3), access to political resources (X4), ideology (X5), and relative deprivation (X6) are proved to correlate positively and significantly to the role in democratization (Y).From the result of comparative hypothesis verification, the X2 value of 1363.44 is obtained. This value is greater than the X2 value of table at 88 degrees of freedom and significance level of 0.5. With this result, then the null hypothesis which stated that there is no significant difference between santri middle class and other class groups is rejected. This means the alternative hypothesis that stated otherwise is received. Conclusion based on this examination result is that there are significant differences between the role of santri middle class and other group samples in the democratization process.

The Role of Industrial Ecology in Maximizing the Value of the Organization

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 34-53
Author(s):  
Nazar Rasheed Nori ◽  
Sandeep Kumar Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Mineral Water ◽  
Industrial Ecology ◽  
Water Industry ◽  
Independent Research ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Primary Hypothesis ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

The research aims to show the role of industrial ecology in optimizing the value of mineral water industry organizations in the city of Dohuk through the adoption of a significant problem: What is the role of industrial ecology in optimizing the value of organizations? The researcher has adopted a primary hypothesis in studying the problem. The researcher also measured the reality of the problem and the validity of the hypothesis on the method of opinion questionnaire: a sample of organizations of mineral water industry consisting of 27 individuals using a questionnaire consisting of a set of questions related to the independent research variables (industrial ecology) and the approved variable (the value of the organization). The number of questions related to the independent variable was 10 questions, and 16 questions were related to the dependent variable. Then the researchers used some statistical methods in analyzing the questionnaire. The relationship and impact between industrial ecology and the value of the organization has been settled. The researchers have reached a significant conclusion that there is a positive correlation between the two research variables and that the industrial ecology affects the maximization of the value of mineral water industry organizations in the market of the city of Dohuk (0.114 once).

The effects of following celebrities’ lives via SNSs on life satisfaction: The palliative function of system justification and the moderating role of materialism

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 3479-3497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihye Seo ◽  
Ki Deuk Hyun
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Social Networking Sites ◽  
Relative Deprivation ◽  
System Justification ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Materialistic Values ◽  
The Relationship

Social media increases opportunities to glimpse celebrities’ glamorous lifestyles and to interact with celebrities. This study examines how the use of social networking sites (SNSs) for celebrity-related information and interactions influences users’ life satisfaction. Data analysis demonstrates that celebrity-related SNS activities decrease users’ life satisfaction by increasing relative deprivation through comparison with celebrities. However, the comparison also leads to system justification, serving a palliative function to cope with the potentially negative consequences of such comparisons, which in turn increases life satisfaction. Interestingly, materialism moderates the relationship such that the effects of comparison with celebrities on system justification are observed only among SNS users who hold high materialism values. Also, the direct positive effects of celebrity-related SNS use on life satisfaction are stronger for those with high materialistic values than for those with low materialistic values. The multifaceted functions of celebrity-related SNS activities for life satisfaction are discussed.

scholarly journals Standardized Flexibility: The Choreography of ICT in Standardization of Service Work

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 679-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Røhnebæk
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Information Systems ◽  
Public Services ◽  
Due Process ◽  
Local Level ◽  
The Public ◽  
Local Responses ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
The Relationship

This article is based on a research project that explores the proliferation of information and communication technology (ICT) in public services. Furthermore, the research explores how the enhanced presence of ICT relates to efforts to increas-ingly individualise the service delivery. It can be argued that enhanced individualisation requires increased levels of discretion and flexibility. At the same time, this flexibility needs to be implemented within a standardized framework to ensure due process and to meet demands for efficiency. As local-level work practices in the public services are increasingly being enabled through ICT, the information systems can thus be seen to offer ’standardized flexibility’. Hence, the information systems work as both enablers of flexibility and as controllers of the same. This research explores how this duality manifests empirically at the local-level of the Norwegian employment and welfare services (NAV). It focuses on the in-terface of the information systems and local-level employees. In this article, I portray the role of the information system, Arena, with regard to how the front-line employees structure and organize their work. This portrayal reveals that the information system reflects an ideal world which is out of tune with local working conditions. The employees are thus facing gaps between the ideals of the system and their actual work context. The main purpose of the paper is to illustrate how the employees deal with this gap; I identify three types of responses and strategies. Moreover, I suggest that the relationship between the information systems and different kinds of local responses may be fruitfully analysed by drawing an analogy with choreography and dancing. The second purpose of this article is thus to outline how the metaphor of choreography may provide a suitable theoretical lens for analysing ICT-enabled standardization of work.

Test the Moderating and Mediating role of organizational culture in the relationship between servant leadership and employees performance (an analytical research of the views of a sample of employees in Al Zawraa general company)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 16-32
Author(s):  
مصطفى حتوان رحيمة ◽  
محمد عبد احمد
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Culture ◽  
Servant Leadership ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Main Tool ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Public Company ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Deviation Coefficient ◽  
The Relationship

This research aims to study the expected role of organizational culture between the servant leadership in its dimensions (support and support of employees, forgiveness, and originality) and the performance of workers in whether it is a moderating role that modifies the strength and direction of the relationship between the independent variable and the dependent variable or just a mechanism to transfer the effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable this is called the mediating role. The targeted research sample was represented by the employees working in Al-Zawraa Public Company and the research sample reached (76) individuals of different job levels. For the purpose of collecting data for conducting statistical analyzes, the research relied on the questionnaire as a main tool, as (100) questionnaires were distributed to the employees of Al Zawraa Public Company, Al-Mansour site, Gas Department Medical and industrial. The number of retrieved questionnaires was (79), and valid for statistical analysis was (76). The data were analyzed using (AMOS) version 23 program. To achieve the research objectives, many statistical methods were used, represented by (the arithmetic mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple linear regression). This research reached a set of conclusions, perhaps the most important of which is inferring the fact that organizational culture plays an interactive role and an intermediate role in the relationship between servant leadership and the performance of employees.

5. Finding Answers: Theories and How to Apply Them

2020 ◽  
pp. 123-158
Author(s):  
Sandra Halperin ◽  
Oliver Heath
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Social Science Research ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Key Terms ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter shows how to develop an answer to a particular research question. It first considers the requirements and components of an answer to a research question before discussing the role of ‘theory’ in social science research, what a ‘theoretical framework’ is, and what a hypothesis is. It then explores the three components of a hypothesis: an independent variable, a dependent variable, and a proposition (a statement about the relationship between the variables). It also looks at the different types of hypotheses and how they guide various kinds of research. It also explains why conceptual and operational definitions of key terms are important and how they are formulated. Finally, it offers suggestions on how to answer normative questions.

The Effects of Social Class on the Uptake of Orthodontic Treatment

1989 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela Kenealy ◽  
Neil Frude ◽  
William Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Social Class ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Dental Care ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
Dental Services ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Middle Class People

The relationship between social class and uptake of orthodontic treatment was investigated in a longitudinal cohort study of 1018 children living in South Glamorgan, Wales. Previous studies have shown that working class people make less use of dental services and receive inferior dental care than middle class people. The present investigation examined the role of one factor which appears likely to contribute to this effect: namely, the uptake of orthodontic treatment by families from different social classes. If a significant association were shown then findings relating to the effectiveness of orthodontic treatment might be confounded by this social class factor.

Passive leadership and its relationship with organizational justice

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 212-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Majid Adeel ◽  
Hafiz Ghufran Ali Khan ◽  
Naveed Zafar ◽  
Syed Tahir Rizvi
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Justice ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Direct Relationship ◽  
Social Science Knowledge ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship among passive leadership, organizational justice and affect-based trust. In addition, the meditating role of affect-based trust between these relationships is also investigated. Design/methodology/approach The data have been collected using anonymously completed questionnaire that has questions regarding passive leadership as independent variable, affect-based trust as mediator and organizational justice as dependent variable. Findings It is noted that the passive leadership is negatively associated with the affect-based trust and perceptions of organizational justice and the mediating role of affect-based trust is also confirmed between these relationships. Originality/value This study provides a new insight for social science knowledge base by explaining the direct relationship of passive leadership with organizational justice and through affect-based trust.

The Relationship of Area Conservation to Area Measurement as Affected by Sequence of Presentation of Piagetian Area Tasks to Boys and Girls in Grades One through Three

1975 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 232-242
Author(s):  
Thalia Taloumis
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Area Measurement ◽  
Pearson Product Moment Correlation ◽  
Statistical Procedures ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Regression Correlation

Three area conservation tasks and two area measurement tasks, all representative models of area tasks reported by Piaget, were administered in one sitting to each of 168 middle-class children, ages six years five months to nine years four months. Statistical procedures included an analysis of variance, a Pearson product-moment correlation, and multiple-regression correlation for subgroups. The findings indicated (1) that whichever group of area tasks (area conservation tasks or area measurement tasks) was presented second, that group of tasks resulted in higher scores; (2) that there was a significant correlation between area conservation scores and area measurement scores; (3) that boys and girls did not score significantly differently on area conservation tasks and area measurement tasks; and (4) that scores in area conservation tasks and area measurement tasks showed no significant difference in amount of increase from grade to grade.

scholarly journals Comparison of Relationship between Quality of Public Life and Quality Dedicated to Working Life in the Presence of the Mediator role of Work Conflict: A Multi-Group Analysis

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohtaram Zabihi ◽  
Ghahraman Mahmoudi ◽  
Ghassem Abedi
Keyword(s):  
Public Life ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Working Life ◽  
Work Life ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mediator Role ◽  
Job Group ◽  
The Relationship

Background and purpose: The concepts of work and life have the strongest and most effective relationship with individuals and society, and making a balance between them can have a direct impact on the achievement of organizational goals. The purpose of this study was to compare the relationship between quality of public life and quality dedicated to working life in the presence of the mediator role of work conflict.Materials and Methods: This applied study was conducted by implementing a descriptive-analytical method in 2017. The study population consisted of 351 working women in the health sector of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, who were selected using stratified sampling method. The survey tool was a standard questionnaire which was used to collect the data, and then the collected data was analyzed by SPSS 24 and AMOS 22.Results: The relationship between quality of public life and quality dedicated to work life in the job groups of women’s healthcare providers (P=0.0009,t=3.592), nurses and midwives' job group (P=0.009,t=2.595), and women’s technician/health expert working in health sector was significant (P=0.002, t=3.104). Whereas, there was no significant difference between the average quality of public life (P=0.117, F=1.788) and the quality dedicated to working life among the employees with different job titles (P=0.592, F=0.742). At the same time, the average of work conflicts was significantly different among different occupations (p = 0.009, F=3.152).Conclusion: The results showed that the relationship between quality of public life and the quality dedicated to work life varies from one job group to another. As a result, with proper planning aiming at increasing the quality of public life, an increase in the quality dedicated to work life and a reduction in their work conflicts can be seen.

scholarly journals Role of Interleukin-6 and Interleukin-8 Cytokines as Early Diagnostic Markers of Sepsis

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-38
Author(s):  
Mohammad Moniruzzaman ◽  
Ashesh Kumar Chowdhury ◽  
ASM Areef Ahsan ◽  
Md Zakiur Rahman ◽  
Saimun Nahar Rumana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Clinicopathological Parameters ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Culture Positive ◽  
Control Study

Background: Rapid diagnosis is essential for effective therapy among the patients with sepsis. Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to determine the relationship of serum levels of IL-6, IL-8 in patients with various stages of sepsis. Methodology: This case control study was conducted in the Department of Immunology at Bangladesh Institute of Research and Rehabilitation in Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders (BIRDEM), Dhaka from January 2015 to December 2015 for a period of one (01) year. All patients had been selected from the ICU of BIRDEM General Hospital with known clinicopathological parameters of sepsis. Serum levels of IL-6 and IL-8 were assessed using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method. Results: In this study, a total of 80 subjects was enrolled of which 60 patients were with at least 2 SIRS criteria and 20 healthy age matched controls without SIRS. Significant difference was found in IL-6 and IL-8 values in the patients with bacteriological culture positive and negative group (p<0.05). AUC for IL-6 was 0.710 (95% CI 0.580-0.840), sensitivity 54.16%, specificity 59.09%, PPV 74.28% and NPV 52% with cutoff value >177pg/ml. Conclusion: Elevated levels of serum IL-6 and IL-8 is found in the patients with sepsis Bangladesh Journal of Infectious Diseases 2019;6(2):34-38

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