Pap smear test Promotion among Women: An Educational Intervention Based on Theory of Planned Behavior

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Mirzaei-Alavijeh ◽  
B. Karami-Matin ◽  
F. Jalilian ◽  
F. Rakhshan ◽  
M. Mahboubi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of Planned Behavior ◽  
Planned Behavior ◽  
Educational Intervention ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Pap Smear Test ◽  
Smear Test

scholarly journals The Effect of Educational Intervention Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior on The Performance on Pap Smear Test Screening in Iranian Women

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Heidari Sarvestani ◽  
zahra moradi ◽  
Ali Khani Jeihooni ◽  
Azizollah Dehghan
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of Planned Behavior ◽  
Planned Behavior ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Perceived Behavioral Control ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pap Smear Test ◽  
Smear Test

Abstract Background: Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer and the fifth deadly cancer among women in Iran. Educational interventions based on proper behavior promoting models can lead to early diagnosis of cervical cancer. The theory of planned behavior pays attention to social factors and motivation for following the significant others. The aim of this study was to determine the factors related to performing regular Pap smear test based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) among the females living in Fasa, Iran.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 700 participants. Then the educational intervention based on the results of cross-sectional study was conducted in form of a workshop for 50 women as the intervention group, and 50 women were considered as the control group. After all, the data were entered into the SPSS statistical software and were analyzed via logistic regressions analysis, paired t-test, independent t-test, chi-square test, and McNemar test.Result: According to the results, 45.7% of the patients had a history of undergoing a Pap smear test, and 20.7% of them performed this test regularly. The knowledge, attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control were the predictors of intention and behavior of Pap smear test among the women (P<0.05). These components accounted for 57.4% and 31.6% of the intention and behavior variance, respectively. After the intervention, a significant increase was observed in the mean scores of attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control in the intervention group compared to the control group. The results revealed no significant difference between the two groups concerning the behavioral intention (p=0.41) and performance of the Pap smear test (p=0.583). The number of the participants who had undergone the Pap smear test increased from 10 to 26 in the intervention group three months after the intervention. The results of McNemar test indicated that this difference was statistically significant.Conclusion: The results indicated an increase in the women’s performance of the Pap smear screening test by appropriate planning, provision of educational packages based on the women’s needs, and using effective subjective norms.This clinical trial is registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT20160830029608N3).

scholarly journals Educational intervention on knowledge of cervical cancer and uptake of Pap smear test among market women in Niger State, Nigeria

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Godwin Jiya Gana ◽  
Mansur O. Oche ◽  
Jessica Timane Ango ◽  
Aminu Umar Kaoje ◽  
Kehinde Joseph Awosan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Educational Intervention ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Pap Smear Test ◽  
Smear Test ◽  
Market Women

Cervical cancer is the most common female genital tract carcinoma worldwide. It is increasingly becoming the leading carcinoma seen among women in the developing world. The aim of our study was to showcase the effect of educational intervention on the knowledge of cervical cancer and subsequently the uptake of Pap smear test amongst market women in Niger state, Nigeria. The state has a rich network of markets in all the local government areas because of the fishing activities, bountiful agricultural produce yearly and its situation to the North of the national capital, Abuja. This was a quasi-experimental study conducted in two groups with pre and post intervention data collection. Sample size was determined based on a previous similar study done in Nigeria. Multi stage sampling technique was used for recruiting the study participants. SPSS statistical software was used for data entry, editing and analysis. Respondents’ knowledge of cervical cancer were comparable at pre-intervention but were statistically significantly better (P<0.0001) at post-intervention in the intervention group compared to the control group for every variable measured. However, there was only a (Fisher’s exact, P=0.621) compared to the control group. This study showed an increase in knowledge about cervical cancer and Pap smear test however the uptake of Pap smear test remained low even after intervention. This underscores the need for sustained intervention programs to eventually translate knowledge acquired to habitual practice.

scholarly journals The effect of educational program based on beliefs, subjective norms and perceived behavior control on doing pap-smear test in sample of Iranian women

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Khani Jeihooni ◽  
Hanieh Jormand ◽  
Pooyan Afzali Harsini
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of Planned Behavior ◽  
Health Belief Model ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Health Belief ◽  
Subjective Norms ◽  
Behavior Control ◽  
Pap Smear Test ◽  
Smear Test ◽  
Perceived Behavior Control ◽  
Belief Model

Abstract Objective Cervical cancer is considered treatable as long as it is detected early and managed effectively. Pap smear test is a screening tool that plays an important role in the early detection, prevention and can prevent any early cervical cell changes from becoming cancer. This study aims to survey the effect of educational programs based on beliefs, subjective norms, and perceived behavior control on doing the pap-smear test in a sample of Iranian women. Materials and methods This experimental interventional study was performed on 300 women admitted to Fasa City, Fars Province, Iran health centers in 2018–2019. A questionnaire consisting of demographic information, knowledge, Health Belief Model, and Theory of Planned Behavior constructs were used to measure on doing of Pap smear test in women before and after 6 months’ educational intervention. Results The results revealed that 6 months after the intervention, 108 women (72%) in the experimental group and only 9 women (6%) in the control group received the Pap smear test. Conclusions The current research results revealed that education based on the combination of the health Belief model and theory of planned behavior might be promoting participation and an increasing rate of receiving Pap smear tests in women.

scholarly journals The Impact of Video-Based Educational Interventions on Cervical Cancer, Pap Smear and HPV Vaccines

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Kwateng Drokow ◽  
Clement Yaw Effah ◽  
Clement Agboyibor ◽  
Evans Sasu ◽  
Cecilia Amponsem-Boateng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cervical Carcinoma ◽  
Educational Intervention ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
Pap Smear Test ◽  
Smear Test ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Impact

Background: Video-based interventions have the potential to contribute to long-lasting improvements in health-seeking behaviours. Ghana's upsurge rate of information and communication technology usage presents an opportunity to improve the awareness of HPV vaccination and screening rates of cervical cancer among women in Ghana. This research aimed to assess the impact of video-based educational intervention centred on the Health Belief and Transtheoretical Models of behavioural changes in promoting HPV vaccination, cervical carcinoma awareness and willingness to have Pap smear test (PST) among women in Ghana.Methods: To achieve the intended sample size, convenient, purposive and stratified random sampling techniques were used. SPSS v. 23.0 was used in the data analysis. Percentages and frequencies were used to represent participants' demographic characteristics, knowledge of (1) cervical carcinoma, (2) human papillomavirus vaccine, and (3) Pap smear test. The chi-square test by McNemar was employed to evaluate variations in the post- and pre-intervention responses. A p-value &lt; 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The level of significance was adjusted owing to multiple comparisons by using the Bonferroni's correction.Results: Before the intervention, 84.2% of the participant had some knowledge or information about cervical cancer, but after the intervention, 100% of the participant became aware of cervical cancer which represents 15.8% increment at a P &lt; .001. The willingness to have a pap smear test increased from 35.8% to 94.2% (df = 58.4%, P &lt; .001) after the educational intervention. The willingness to be vaccinated increased from 47.5% to 81.7% (df = 34.2%, P &lt; .001) after the educational intervention. Six months after the intervention, participants were followed-up. 253 (42.2%) participants had gone for cervical cancer screening (Pap smear test) while 347 (57.8%) participants had not been screened. In terms of HPV vaccination, 192 participants (32.0%) had begun their HPV vaccination cycle.Conclusion: The study results show that health education, using videos, may be influential in perception changing, self-efficacy improvement and the understanding of cervical carcinoma screening and HPV vaccination.

scholarly journals Factors associated with the intention to undergo Pap smear testing in the rural areas of Indonesia: a health belief model

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumarmi Sumarmi ◽  
Yu-Yun Hsu ◽  
Ya-Min Cheng ◽  
Shu-Hsin Lee
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Health Beliefs ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Health Belief ◽  
Pap Smear Test ◽  
Smear Test ◽  
Smear Testing

Abstract Purposes This study aimed to understand the influence of health beliefs, demographic factors, and health characteristics on the intention to undergo Pap smear testing among women in rural areas of Indonesia. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted and 687 married women participated in the study. A convenience sampling was applied to recruit the participants from community health centres in a rural region in Indonesia. Self-reported data using the Health Beliefs Model Scale for Cervical Cancer and Pap Smear Test was collected to assess the health beliefs. Independent t-tests, simple logistic regressions, and a hierarchical logistic regression with 3 steps were run. Statistical significance for analysis was set at p < 0.05. Results The mean age of the participants was 42 years (SD = 8.4). Among the participants, 81% of the women had never undergone a Pap smear test, and 61% (n = 422) of the women reported a high intention of receiving a Pap smear test. Income and education Health beliefs regarding Pap smear testing were different between women who had low and high intentions to undergo Pap smear testing. Health beliefs, such as perceived benefits, severity, barriers to Pap smear testing, and health motivation for a Pap smear test were associated with the intention to undergo Pap smear testing among rural Indonesian women. Overall, the hierarchical multiple regression with 3 steps containing demographic, health characteristics, and health belief variables accounted for 31% variance of the intention to undergo Pap smear test among the Indonesian rural women. Conclusions Low screening rates of cervical cancer and high intentions to do the screening exist among rural Indonesian women. Health beliefs significantly affect the rural women’s intention of Pap smear testing in Indonesia.

The Pap smear test value in dysplasia and cervical cancer diagnosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (69) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Gheorghe Cruciat ◽  
Iulia Popa ◽  
Suzana Mariam Chaikh-Sulaiman
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Pap Smear Test ◽  
Smear Test

scholarly journals The Effect of Educational Intervention based on the theory of planned behavior on Nutritional Behavior with Regard to Cardiovascular Diseases among Health Volunteers

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esmat Rezabeigi Davarani ◽  
Mohammad Reza Mahmoodi ◽  
Narges Khanjani ◽  
Mohammad Mehdi Fadakar
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of Planned Behavior ◽  
Planned Behavior ◽  
Educational Intervention ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Nutritional Behavior ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

Background: We sought to evaluate the effect of educational intervention based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB) on nutritional behaviors in relation to the cardiovascular disease (CVD) among health volunteers. Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, the participants included 128 active health volunteers. To conduct the study, 65 and 63 participants were randomly assigned into the intervention and control groups, respectively. Data were collected before and six weeks after the intervention using a validated researcher-made questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of demographic variables, knowledge questions, and TPB constructs. Data were analyzed by Chi-square, t-test, Mann-Whitney U, and Wilcoxon test. Results: No significant difference was observed between the intervention and control groups with regard to the demographic characteristics, knowledge mean scores, and TPB constructs at the beginning of the study. However, the mean scores of knowledge, attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control (PBC), and nutritional behavior increased significantly (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P = 0.018, P = 0.007, and P < 0.001, respectively) in the intervention group six weeks after the beginning of study. Significant differences were observed in nutritional performance of the intervention group, in other words the nutritional behavior of the intervention group members changed during the intervention. Conclusion: The PBC was the strongest construct in attitude. To optimize nutritional interventions in preventing the CVD, TPB should be implemented in educational interventions.

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