scholarly journals The Architecture of Airport Terminals: Gateway To A City

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-18
Author(s):  
Dakshayini R Patil ◽  
Mamatha P Raj
Keyword(s):  
Airport Management ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
The Social ◽  
World Class ◽  
Operational Activities ◽  
Airport Terminals ◽  
And Function ◽  
The City ◽  
Two Sides ◽  
Indian Cities

This paper looks at Airport Terminals as icons in a city and the design aspects for the Terminal building which is the interface between ground & air transport. The architecture of Terminal building involves diverse perspectives of analysis and understanding. As glamorous gateways to a city, Airports are representative and first impressions of the city. Hence, form and function of Terminal buildings are both equally prime aspects of planning & design. Cities vie for world class airports- domestic or international, as they are a city’s pride like any other monument or landmark, catering to visitors across cities and nations. Airports are generally planned for a longer life term functioning at least for half a century with intent of good possibility of future expansion. A Terminal has two sides to it; land-side and air-side. While passenger comfort and safety are of utmost importance, on air-side the operational activities of the aircrafts require critical planning and management. They are large establishments involving architecture and technical design detailing at various scales. Apart from the primary objectives of passenger needs, airline operational needs, airport management- safety & security, there is a community objective as well; which involves a facility for citizens; airport building itself being an aesthetic and integral part of the city. Indian cities are witnessing unprecedented growth in air travel and expectations of a good experience at the Airport is deemed prerogative. ‘Green Airports’ are the current theme in India going the social & environmental way of design & conceptualization.

The Revitalisation of Historical Buildings as a Factor Shaping the Development of Sustainable Cities

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Rzasa ◽  
Marek Ogryzek
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
North East ◽  
The Social ◽  
Military Facilities ◽  
Polish Law ◽  
And Function ◽  
Post Industrial ◽  
The City

Many Polish cities have objects in them that have ceased to function in accordance with their intended use, for one reason or another. These are often post-industrial objects and former military facilities. As a result of the social, political and economic transformations that have taken place in Poland over the years after the Second World War, these objects have lost the meaning of their existence and functioning. Quite often such objects also have a historical character, which may, under Polish law, serve to hinder the possibility of them being reused. A well prepared revitalisation is often the only way for such objects to regain their earlier functionality, or gain a new one. Selected examples of the revitalisation of historic buildings located in Olsztyn (the capital of Warmia and Mazury, the Voivodeship in North-East Poland) were analysed by the authors in this article, and the effects of such actions, connected to the development of the city, were presented. The study included examples of the revitalisation of post-industrial objects and former military facilities. The analysis was performed in the years 2010–2016. The history and previous functional status of the tested objects were presented, as well as their present form and function. The authors have performed a comprehensive analysis of the compliance of new functions of objects with the idea of the sustainable development of the city. The results show the extent to which the analysed activities comply with the principles of sustainable development, in social, economic and environmental terms.

scholarly journals Film Intervention in Public Space. A Phylogenetic Spatial Change

2020 ◽  
pp. 107-122
Author(s):  
Taher Abdel-Ghani
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Social Agent ◽  
The Public ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Right ◽  
And Function ◽  
The City

Cinema has taken up the role of a social agent that introduced a variety of images and events to the public during critical times. This paper proposes the idea of using films as a tool to reclaim public space where a sense of belonging and dialogue restore to a meaningful place. During the January 2011 protests in Egypt, Tahrir Cinema, an independent revolutionary project composed of filmmakers and other artists, offered a space in Downtown Cairo and screened archival footage of the ongoing events to the protestors igniting civic debate and discussions. The traditional public space has undergone what Karl Kropf refers to as the phylogenetic change, i.e. form and function that is agreed upon by society and represents a common conception of certain spatial elements. Hence, the framework that this research will follow is a two-layer discourse, the existence of cinema in public spaces, and the existence of public spaces in cinema. Eventually, the paper seeks to enhance the social relationship between society, spaces, and cinematic narration – a vital tool to raise awareness about the right to the city.

Cities-Before-Cities

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel W. Berman
Keyword(s):  
Crucial Role ◽  
The West ◽  
Central Greece ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
South Italy ◽  
Crucial Component ◽  
And Function ◽  
The City

Foundation myths are a crucial component of many Greek cities’ identities. But the mythic tradition also represents many cities and their spaces before they were cities at all. This study examines three of these ‘prefoundational’ narratives: stories of cities-before-cities that prepare, configure, or reconfigure, in a conceptual sense, the mythic ground for foundation. ‘Prefoundational’ myths vary in both form and function. Thebes, before it was Thebes, is represented as a trackless and unfortified backwater. Croton, like many Greek cities in south Italy, credited Heracles with a kind of ‘prefounding’, accomplished on his journey from the West back to central Greece. And the Athenian acropolis was the object of a quarrel between Athena and Poseidon, the results of which gave the city its name and permanently marked its topography. In each case, ‘prefoundational’ myth plays a crucial role in representing ideology, identity, and civic topography.

scholarly journals The City is a Stage: Innovation beyond the Theatre Space

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Sarah Courtney
Keyword(s):  
Urban Spaces ◽  
Public Realm ◽  
Adaptive Performance ◽  
Live Performance ◽  
Central Cities ◽  
Theatre Design ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Performance Space ◽  
And Function ◽  
The City

<p>"[The] product of architecture can at least partly be understood as an endless live performance" (Van Berkel & Bos, 2008 , p. 135). As central cities such as Wellington become more event orientated, there is a greater need for a network of innovative performance venues (temporary or permanent) to meet public demand. The existing theatre spaces within Wellington are currently limited in size and the spaces are difficult to adapt to meet the needs of different performances. The thesis investigates this problem. The thesis proposes to develop a network of multifunctional performance spaces outside traditional theatre spaces in areas which are generally used as high activity public spaces and thoroughfares. This will result in not only new opportunities for theatre design and new types of adaptive performance, but, as performance is removed from a traditionally controlled environment, it will create urban spaces that are multi-functional and a better fit for a variety of experiences and uses. Several precedents are analysed with regard to the creation of new boundaries and multiple functionalities in a more contemporary setting. Public realm typologies are also explored for their capacity to be blended in form and function to create hybrid, multi-functional spaces. The resulting design strategy is applied in a series of design experiments to the selected subject site on Wellington’s waterfront. The experiments are then evaluated to aid in the development of an appropriate outdoor theatre network that will enliven the city and encourage performers to create a new style of theatre. The proposed design is developed from and through the research, and will benefit Wellington for many reasons. Firstly, the design will produce greater adaptability and permeability of the performance space in Wellington. Secondly, because theatres in Wellington are currently disengaged from their surrounding context, the proposed building will have a strong indoor/outdoor connection that encourages the use of diverse performance in and around the building. Thirdly, by placing the building in or near circulation paths, it will provide an interactive and engaging space for audiences.</p>

scholarly journals Os Dois Lados da Mesma Moeda: Urbicídio e Juvenicídio na Realidade Brasileira

ILUMINURAS ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (47) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovane Antonio Scherer ◽  
Marco Pereira Dilligenti ◽  
Ricardo Souza Araujo
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Right To The City ◽  
The Public ◽  
Resistance Movements ◽  
The Social ◽  
The City ◽  
Two Sides

O  presente artigo articula dois fenômenos aparentemente  distintos, o Urbicídio e o Juvenicídio, enquanto expressões da crise estrutural do capital., que se agrava no Brasil e nos demais países dependentes no atual quadro. A cidade é palco de um modelo neoliberal que segrega a classe trabalhadora dos direitos acessados nos grandes centros urbanos, sendo as periferias desprovidas de equipamentos públicos. As juventudes, mesmo que legalmente reconhecidas comosujeito de direitos, são vítimas da  ausência  de políticas sociais, principalmente nas periferias, territórios violados pelo Estado Penal. As políticas públicas até então constituídas promovem ações limitadas focadas no recrutamento de jovens no mercado de trabalho desassociadas de políticas públicas de proteção social básica, cada vez mais precarizadas. No entanto, as juventudes, plenas de potencialidades, podem protagonizar movimentos de resistência a este projeto societário, que exclui, encarcera e mata.Palavras-Chave: Juventudes, Território, Juvenicídio, Urbicídio THE TWO SIDES OF THE SAME COIN: Urbicide and Youthicide in Brasilian Reality.Abstract: The present article discuss two apparently distinct phenomena, Urbicide and Youthicide, as expressions of the structural crisis of capital, which is aggravated in Brazil and in the other dependent countries in the present conjuncture. The city is the stage of a neoliberal model that segregates the  working class, without right to the city  and  the social services.The youth, even if legally recognized as subject of rights, are victims of the absence of social policies, mainly in the peripheries, territories violated by the Criminal State. The public policies e promote limited actions focused on the recruitment of young people in the labor market disassociated with public policies of basic social protection, increasingly precarized. However, youths, full of potentialities, can carry out resistance movements to this project which excludes, imprisons and kills.Keywords: Youth,Territory,Youthcide, Urbicide

scholarly journals Defining Urban Science

2021 ◽  
pp. 15-28
Author(s):  
Michael Batty
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Spatial Interaction ◽  
Urban Informatics ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Urban Science ◽  
Operational Models ◽  
And Function ◽  
The City ◽  
Different Levels

AbstractThis introductory chapter provides a brief overview of the theories and models that constitute what has come to be called urban science. Explaining and measuring the spatial structure of the city in terms of its form and function is one of the main goals of this science. It provides links between the way various theories about how the city is formed, in terms of its economy and social structure, and how these theories might be transformed into models that constitute the operational tools of urban informatics. First the idea of the city as a system is introduced, and then various models pertaining to the forces that determine what is located where in the city are presented. How these activities are linked to one another through flows and networks are then introduced. These models relate to formal models of spatial interaction, the distribution of the sizes of different cities, and the qualitative changes that take place as cities grow and evolve to different levels. Scaling is one of the major themes uniting these different elements grounding this science within the emerging field of complexity. We then illustrate how we might translate these ideas into operational models which are at the cutting edge of the new tools that are being developed in urban informatics, and which are elaborated in various chapters dealing with modeling and mobility throughout this book.

The Rise of Sovereign Wealth Funds

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon L. Clark ◽  
Adam D. Dixon ◽  
Ashby H. B. Monk
Keyword(s):  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Financial System ◽  
Institutional Innovation ◽  
Sovereign Wealth Funds ◽  
Volatility Risk ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Nation States ◽  
The Social ◽  
And Function ◽  
Global Financial System

This chapter provides an introduction to the formation and development of sovereign wealth funds (SWFs) around the world. Its argument is largely about form and function, emphasizing the functions that SWFs provide for nation-states in the context of the global financial system. The purpose here is to classify and explain the rise of SWFs, making links to the relevant literature in the social sciences on institutional innovation and change. It also emphasizes the importance of SWFs as an institutional innovation consistent with and drawing legitimacy from fundamental changes in the global financial system that have prompted governments to seek ways of managing their “place” in a system subject to considerable volatility, risk, and uncertainty.

Functional morphology with particular reference to hinge and ligament in Spondylus and Plicatula and a discussion on relations within the superfamily Pertinacea (Mollusca: Bivalvia)

1973 ◽  
Vol 267 (883) ◽  
pp. 173-208 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mantle Cavity ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Catch Muscle ◽  
Hinge Plate ◽  
Predatory Attack ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right ◽  
Posterior Ligament ◽  
And Function ◽  
Two Sides

Excluding the isomyarian family Dimyidae, the Pectinacea comprise the families Propeamussidae, Pectinidae, Spondylidae and Plicatulidae. Present investigations are primarily concerned with species of the last two, both of which are cemented by the right valve, with secondary teeth and sockets which form ball and socket joints between the valves. Neither has previously been examined in life or the hinge and ligament critically studied. Comparing throughout with conditions in the Pectinidae, the ctenidia in Plicatula are simpler (like those of Propeamussium ) but both here and in Spondylus the ciliary pattern (type B (1a)) is more primitive. Spondylus resembles the Pectinidae in that it has elaborate arborescent lips and pallial eyes; Plicatula (and Propeamussium ) has neither, and the inner mantle folds (velum) are reduced (though enlarged in Propeamussium ). The foot is lost in Plicatula and in Spondylus has solely to do with cleansing; the Pectinidae display a range of pedal form and function - from locomotion to byssal attachment and to cleansing. The ratio of ‘quick’ to ‘catch’ muscle in the adductor is associated with habit, being greatest where need for rapid adduction is greatest, primarily in connexion with cleansing, a matter of particular urgency in horizontally disposed bivalves. Pallial eyes - as well developed in permanently attached as in swimming species - are most probably concerned with immediate response to predatory attack on pallial tissues widely exposed when the valves gape. The ligament in both Spondylus and Plicatula is surprisingly different from that in the Pectinidae (and Propeamussidae). The long anterior and posterior outer ligament layers found in the two last which unite the valves at either end of the condensed rounded inner ligament layer are replaced in Spondylus by fused periostracum . The outer ligament layers have migrated inwards and, after dividing on either side of the unchanged inner ligament layer, unite (topographically) above and below it, forming morphologically left and right areas composed equally of anterior and posterior outer ligament layers. The inward extensions of the fused periostracal grooves which form the secondary extensions to the primary ligament may well be associated with the change in nature of the hinge plate (and thus of teeth and sockets) to crossed-lamellar aragonite instead of the foliated calcite present in the Pectinidae. The combined inner and outer ligament layers produce the more powerful ligament demanded by the more massive valves; the secondary periostracal extensions serve only to unite the valves which are maintained in alinement by way of the secondary teeth and sockets. The conspicuous bilateral asymmetry in the hinge and ligament is a result of cementation; similar conditions exist in the cemented pectinid, Hinnites . In Plicatula differences are much greater. Inward growth of the mantle margins results in union above the now submarginal ligament. This is extremely compressed in the transverse plane becoming hoop-like with the right limb the longer. Basally it fractures, although the two halves remain in contact and function is unaffected. As in Spondylus, the halves of the anterior and posterior ligament layers unite on the two sides of the inner ligament layer. Owing to dorsal overgrowth by the hinge plate, the epithelia secreting the outer ligament layers form the two sides and roof of a chamber the base of which is the mantle isthmus (forming the inner ligament layer). Contact with the valves is exclusively by way of the outer ligament layers. The periostracum fuses in the mid-line dorsally and does not contribute to the ligament from which it is separated. Owing to the division of the inner ligament layer into right and left halves, union of the valves is effectively by way of the secondary teeth, here more dorsally extended than in Spondylus but, as there, composed of crossed-lamellar aragonite. Evolution of these four families starts in Palaeozoic stocks with modifications of organs in the mantle cavity - ctenidia, lips, pallial eyes, etc. - proceeding along lines distinct from those involving modifications in the ligament. The former particularly concern the primitive Propeamussidae, largely confined to deep water, and the universally distributed Pectinidae, the latter the Spondylidae and the Plicatulidae. Modifications of the foot have to do with final habit which is invariable freedom in the Propeamussidae, byssal attachment, freedom or cementation in the Pectinidae, and invariable cementation in the Spondylidae and Plicatulidae, the process occurring earlier in the latter and involving loss of the foot. Separation of the Spondylidae from the Pectinidae is more fully established with the present demonstration of the totally different ligamental structure; the difference is so profound in the Plicatulidae as to raise the question of elevating this to superfamily status.

Towards a pragmatic approach to the study of languages in contact

Pragmatics ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 465-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan A. Argente ◽  
Lluís Payrató
Keyword(s):  
Language Contact ◽  
Communicative Competence ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Languages In Contact ◽  
The Social ◽  
Interactive Strategies ◽  
And Function ◽  
Adaptation Processes ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
New Distribution

The study of language contact has been traditionally carried out from a structural perspective (synchronic or diachronic), from a sociolinguistic perspective and/or from a rather psychological perspective, centered on the linguistic and communicative competence of the multilingual individual. However, a great number of linguistic and sociolinguistic topics that appear in language contact situations may be productively tackled from a pragmatic viewpoint. This pragmatic perspective takes into account linguistic use in communication contexts and raises, at a different level, questions that deal with the structures and the evolution of the codes in contact. The main aim of this presentation is the analysis of some of the specific problems that arise in given language contact situations from a pragmatic perspective, considering the adaptation processes of the speakers, their particular interactive strategies and the social meaning generated. Understanding pragmatics in its original sense, i.e. as the study of the relationship between linguistic signs and speakers (users of certain resources), these phenomena should be understood as the result of speakers’ adaptation to changing sociocultural circumstances. This adaptation creates a new distribution of the verbal resources (or linguistic economy) of the community and, consequently, modifies its varieties as far as form and function are concerned.

scholarly journals Apoteoza starości. Funkcjonalność motywu w średniowiecznej literaturze serbskiej

2017 ◽  
Vol 163 ◽  
pp. 677-688
Author(s):  
Izabela Lis-Wielgosz
Keyword(s):  
Social Integration ◽  
Old Age ◽  
General Public ◽  
World View ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
The Social ◽  
Latin West ◽  
Theological Perspective ◽  
And Function ◽  
Point Of Departure

An apotheosis of old age.The motif’s functionality in the medieval Serbian literatureIn the paper, atheme of the old age is undertaken in order to present it as abroad plane of meanings, representing forms and imaginative constructions, which, inscribed in the concrete context that is, the realm of the medieval culture and literature of Serbia, establishes aspecific point of departure for considerations on the perception of the human age from the historical, ideological, theological perspective, etc. The principal problem of the reflection is aproblem regarding the form and function of the old age motif, its permanence and changeability in the sphere of the phenomenon’s examination, perceiving determined by many factors concerning above all the civilization type of culture, sum of its historical experiences, and the social integration level resulted from the whole of the general public and its world view comportments. There are many cultural and literary examples of realization and functionality of the old age motif in the medieval era, accompanied by their basic monographs, however, they mainly refer to the Latin, West Christian circle. In this accurate context, the output of the Eastern Christian world together with the Old Church Slavonic domain is rarely invoked and disputed. Undertaking the problems conjoined with the old age, it is therefore worth using the old writing of the Old Church Slavs, of which part is the Old Serbian literature. This literature may be interpreted as the motif’s representation, its widely usage and significant illustration.Апотеоза старости. Функционалност мотивау средњовековној српској књижевностиУ реферату се представља тема старости на примеру средњовековне српске књижевности. На темељу изабраних текстова, углавном житијних, указује се мотив позних година, његова адаптација, реализација и функција у књижевном и идејном простору. Овај мотив разматра се пре свега у односу на библијску традицију, али такође он се овде анализира у широм културном аспекту. Дакле, у раду пропитује се начин функционисања мотива, објашњава се његово присуство у конкретним књижевним сценама – у казивању о смрти или опису јуначког одласка у монашки живот. Преглед неких од најчешћих икарактеристичних остварења теме старости у српским кнјижевним текстовима средњега века, доноси закључак да се она појављује као разнолика и чврсто повезана са многим другим културним топосима, да је она снажно обележена библијским узором, и коначно да укњижевности њено присуство и реализација су одраз једног, у великој мери позитивног/апотеозног, менталног става средњовековног – религиозног човека према људској судбини у овом и оном свету.

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