scholarly journals Prototype of a Biogas Anaerobic Digester from the Hostel Mess Kitchen Wastes

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-39
Author(s):  
Shivam Modi ◽  
Pooja Mahajan
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Anaerobic Fermentation ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Kitchen Waste ◽  
Biodegradable Waste

Biogas is a non-exhaustible of energy which can be formed from anaerobic fermentation of different types of biodegradable waste such as food waste, plant waste, animal waste sewage and other organic waste. The typical composition of Biogas includes CH4 (50–70%) which is responsible for maximum energy content along with CO2 (25–50%) that can be collected, stored and supplied. Biogas acts as a multipurpose and an eco- friendly sustainable resource of energy which can be utilized for cooking, electricity generation, lightning, heating etc. Biodegradable waste specifically produced in large amounts as a kitchen waste. In modern society, the solid waste per capita has been consistently increasing as of increase in population and change in socio-economic-cultural habits. The biogas production through the kitchen waste thereof provides a solution of disposal of solid waste. The bio gas production through anaerobic degradation pathways can be controlled and enhanced with the help of certain microorganisms and advancements of new technologies. In this research work, an attempt is being made to produce the biogas from kitchen and food waste collected from hostel mess of Chitkara University, Punjab and a novel method of production of microorganism has been also proposed for fast degradation of waste. Under this project, a survey for the estimation of daily production of organic waste from hostel mess has also been done for fifteen day. 

scholarly journals Performance Evaluation of Biogas Yields Potential from Co-Digestion of Water Hyacinth and Kitchen Waste

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Ukwuaba Samuel Ifeanyi
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Kitchen Waste ◽  
Dump Site ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Mesophilic Temperature

Solid wastes are generated and dump indiscriminately in Nigeria due to poor implementation of standards, thus causing environmental and public health hazards. Nigeria generates more than 32 million tons of solid waste annually, out of which only 20-30% is collected and disposed in an open dump site. Different researchers have reported that organic waste fraction of solid waste generated in Nigeria has the highest percentage which is over 50%. However, this fraction of organic waste is yet to be properly utilized for biogas production. This research work is focused on the performance evaluation of biogas potential yields from co-digestion of kitchen wastes and water hyacinth. A 0.030m3 anaerobic mild steel digester was fabricated and used to digest the composition of water hyacinth and kitchen wastes. The experiment was conducted under mesophilic temperature range and a pH range of 6.0-7.4. The results obtained show that a cumulative biogas yield of 0.0499m3 was obtained from 30kg of substrates composition of kitchen waste and water hyacinth. Besides, optimum biogas yields were obtained at optimum mesophilic temperature.

An Overview on Rural Domestic Waste Pollution and Treatment Technologies in China

2014 ◽  
Vol 955-959 ◽  
pp. 2731-2735
Author(s):  
Xiao Feng Hu
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Anaerobic Fermentation ◽  
Kitchen Waste ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Domestic Waste ◽  
Organic Matters ◽  
Rural Solid Waste ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Pollution Area

With the improvement of people's living standards in China, rural solid waste emissions increase sharply. In rural areas where most people live, domestic waste mainly deposited in the open air as one of the most important culprit of rural ecological pollution. Domestic waste is piled up randomly in rural area of China, which enter into river and lake and float on the water, and expand the pollution area. According to data research, The composition of rural domestic waste is mainly kitchen waste, waste plastics, waste paper, broken glass, broken pottery, waste fiber, used batteries and other articles for daily use and other things. There are some differences in component between different areas, while kitchen waste still takes a relatively large proportion. Thus organic matters are one of the most important components of domestic waste, which needs to be considered in devising treatment technology. Landfill, compositing and incineration is three basic methods to treat solid waste. Some featured technology such as biomass gasification, worm composting and anaerobic fermentation is developed to treat rural domestic waste considering its specialties. The treatment of rural solid waste of China is faced with many difficulties like environmental consciousness deficiency. Some technology corresponding to the reality of China needs to be developed and popularized . For the rich organic matters in rural domestic waste and specialties of rural economic situation, technologies need to concentrate on recycling biogas and fertilizers..

scholarly journals Potentials for commercial production of biogas from domestic food waste generated in Benin Metropolis, Nigeria

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 369-373
Author(s):  
E.P. Akhator ◽  
D.I. Igbinomwanhia ◽  
A.I. Obanor
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Biodegradable Waste ◽  
Daily Food ◽  
Two Phases

The work reported in this paper investigated the potentials of commercial biogas production from biodegradable waste in Benin metropolis. The study was carried out in two phases. The first phase involved characterization of solid waste generated and determination of the quantity of potential feed stock for biogas production in Benin metropolis and the second phase was determination of the amount of biogas obtainable from biodegradable waste. The results from the study showed that an average daily generation rate of 0.358kg per person per day (ppd.) of solid waste is generated in study area. Food waste accounted for about 78.49% of the generated solid waste representing 0.281kg per person per day (ppd.) and a total daily food waste generation of 305.075tonnes. Based on this value for food waste the obtainable biogas was estimated to be 28,836.91m3 of biogas in Benin metropolis per day. This volume of biogas can provide cooking gas for about 24,076.91 families per month in Benin metropolis or alternatively can be utilised to generate about 49.023MW of electricity per day.Keywords: Solid waste management, food waste, anaerobic digestion, biogas

scholarly journals Potential of Sustainable Concept for Handling Organic Waste in Tunisia

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 8167
Author(s):  
Nour El Houda Chaher ◽  
Safwat Hemidat ◽  
Qahtan Thabit ◽  
Mehrez Chakchouk ◽  
Abdallah Nassour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Waste ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Aerobic Digestion ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Sustainable Solutions ◽  
Technical Requirements ◽  
Biological Treatments

Nowadays, Tunisia is seeking to implement cost-efficient and sustainable solutions in relation to the treatment of organic waste which, at up to 65%, makes up the largest proportion of total waste generated in the country. Therefore, an efficient tool for decision makers is needed to provide a clear approach about the potential of organic waste as well as the treatment concept, which can be adapted based on technical requirements and local conditions. Results revealed that there is a high variation in terms of the nature of the collected biowaste, which affects the selection of the adopted bioprocess for each geographical zone of the study area. Three main categories of biowaste are produced along the coastline of Tunisia: food waste (FW) (102.543 t/a); green waste (GW) (1.326.930 t/a); and cattle manure (CM) (1.548.350 t/a). Based on the results of similar projects and laboratory-scale research work, anaerobic and aerobic digestion were examined. Regarding aerobic digestion, the monitoring of several physicochemical parameters ascertained that the co-composting of FW and GW at different ratios (GW: FW = 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, and 25:75) allowed the production of a stable and mature compost. A highly qualified end-product was generated from each trial categorized as a finished compost of class V with reference to German Standards of compost. Regarding the anaerobic process, different feedstock mixtures (FW:CM = 0:1, 1:1, 2:1, and 3:1) were prepared to feed semi-continuous anaerobic reactors. However, a significant improvement in the process development was recorded for digesters including a higher fraction of FW, which produced 0.846 LN/kg VSin as the maximum biogas production. Therefore, biological treatments of food waste and different co-substrates seems to be a suitable technique for Tunisia in terms of waste management, environmental, and energy aspects. However, the evaluation of the efficiency of the proposed biological treatments was also verified by a draw-up of a technical and economic feasibility analysis. Although the cost–benefit estimations proved that the profits from both the compost and biogas plants would be very modest, the feasibility of such sustainable projects should not only be evaluated on an economic basis, but also by taking into account socio-environmental considerations including decreasing environmental threats, providing work opportunities, increasing incomes, stimulating public awareness as well as reducing the operating costs linked to landfilling.

scholarly journals Kinetic study and optimization of total solids for anaerobic digestion of kitchen waste: Bangladesh perspective

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thamina Nasrin ◽  
Chayan Kumer Saha ◽  
Rajesh Nandi ◽  
Md. Sanaul Huda ◽  
Md. Monjurul Alam
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Logistic Model ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Rural Environment ◽  
Kitchen Waste ◽  
Total Solids ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Methane Potential ◽  
Set Up

Abstract Kitchen waste from hotels and homes is one of the major problems for urban and rural environment and could be one of the best sources of renewable energy by producing biogas through anaerobic digestion. A research work was undertaken to assess the methane potential of kitchen waste at different total solids (TS) content. Kitchen wastes such as spoiled rice, brinjal, potato, papaya, tomato, fish and poultry parts etc., which are easily decomposed were selected for this study. Batch experiments were set up under ambient temperature. Kitchen waste was added in the batch digester at different TS content (5, 7, 10, 12 and 15%) and sealed for 146 days until the gas production stopped. Substrate characteristics were analyzed before and after the anaerobic digestion. The highest methane yield was 78.12 L/kg VS at 15% TS content followed by 12, 10, 7 and 5%. Different kinetic parameters were determined using logistic model and the model showed a good fit with the experimental results. After modelling using Minitab®, the optimum TS content for kitchen waste was found to be 14.90%.

scholarly journals Solid State Anaerobic Fermentation of Sorted Municipal Solid Waste under Thermophilic Condition

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Anaerobic Fermentation ◽  
Batch Process ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Thermophilic Condition

This study investigate the Solid state anaerobic digestion of Municipal Solid waste from Chidambaram Municipality with high solid content (20%) by using Solid state Anaerobic fermenter under thermophilic condition (550c). This study describes the digestion of the reactor which was conducted over a period of 40 days in a batch process. The fresh organic fraction of municipal solid waste is feeded (which is equal to 80% of the total reactor volume) with 20% TS and it was mixed with 30% of two different inoculums such as cow dung and anaerobic sludge with mixing proportion of 2:1 ratio. During the start up phase, the reactor was run under mesophilic condition (370c) and then it was shifted to thermophilic condition (550c) by gradually increasing the temperature rate by 20c per day. During the stat up phase, the gas production was fluctuated initially and gradually increased from 9th Day to 19th Day and the highest gas production of 225 L/d and the methane composition of 66% were achieved at the 20th Day.

scholarly journals An Innovative Green Process for the Stabilization and Valorization of Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste (OFMSW) I Part

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carola Esposito Corcione ◽  
Francesca Ferrari ◽  
RAFFAELLA STRIANI ◽  
Stefania Minosi ◽  
Mauro Pollini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Complete Removal ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Organic Fraction ◽  
Stabilization Phase

This work is aimed at the development of innovative, easy and cheap methods for the stabilization, inertization and valorisation of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW). For the first time, two original processes for transforming the organic waste into an inert, odorless and sanitized material were here proposed. The first one, called dual step, starts with grinding of the OFMSW, by means of an industrial shredder. After being finely ground, the organic waste was exposed to a sterilization process by means of UV/ozone radiations or thermal treatment (stabilization phase) in order to obtain a complete removal of the OFMSW’s bacterial activity. By means of several microbiological analyses, the best sterilization method was chosen. The incorporation in a thermosetting matrix was, then, carried out through mixing the sterilized and finely ground organic waste into a water soluble urea formaldehyde (UF) based resin, with a formaldehyde content less than 1% wt, followed by a thermal treatment for UF-resin crosslinking (inertization phase). An alternative cheaper and easier process, called one step, was also proposed and investigated, by combining the sterilization with the curing thermal process (at higher temperature) of the thermosetting matrix. The preliminary experimental results reported in this paper suggest that both the proposed methods could be considered suitable for the production of high valorized innovative OFMSW-derived panels or bricks, that could find application in several fields, such as building or constructions materials. Finally a brief description of the prototype machinery is reported properly designed for implementing OFMSW stabilization and valorisation processes developed in this research work.

scholarly journals Municipal Solid Waste Thermal Analysis—Pyrolysis Kinetics and Decomposition Reactions

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 4510
Author(s):  
Ewa Syguła ◽  
Kacper Świechowski ◽  
Małgorzata Hejna ◽  
Ines Kunaszyk ◽  
Andrzej Białowiec
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Chicken Meat ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Pyrolysis Kinetics ◽  
Biodegradable Waste ◽  
Degradation Rates ◽  
Positive Balance

In this study, 12 organic waste materials were subjected to TG/DTG thermogravimetric analysis and DSC calorimetric analysis. These analyses provided basic information about thermochemical transformations and degradation rates during organic waste pyrolysis. Organic waste materials were divided into six basic groups as follows: paper, cardboard, textiles, plastics, hygiene waste, and biodegradable waste. For each group, two waste materials were selected to be studied. Research materials were (i) paper (receipts, cotton wool); (ii) cardboard (cardboard, egg carton); (iii) textiles (cotton, leather); (iv) plastics (polyethylene (PET), polyurethane (PU)); (v) hygiene waste (diapers, leno); and (vi) biodegradable waste (chicken meat, potato peel). Waste materials were chosen to represent the most abundant waste that can be found in the municipal solid waste stream. Based on TG results, kinetic parameters according to the Coats–Redfern method were determined. The pyrolysis activation energy was the highest for cotton, 134.5 kJ × (mol∙K)−1, and the lowest for leather, 25.2 kJ × (mol∙K)−1. The DSC analysis showed that a number of transformations occurred during pyrolysis for each material. For each transformation, the normalized energy required for transformation, or released during transformation, was determined, and then summarized to present the energy balance. The study found that the energy balance was negative for only three waste materials—PET (−220.1 J × g−1), leather (−66.8 J × g−1), and chicken meat (−130.3 J × g−1)—whereas the highest positive balance value was found for potato peelings (367.8 J × g−1). The obtained results may be applied for the modelling of energy and mass balance of municipal solid waste pyrolysis.

scholarly journals Studi Pembuatan Biohidrogen dari Limbah Padat Blotong dan Limbah Cair Industri Gula Secara Fermentasi Anaerob

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismail Marzuki ◽  
Darmin ◽  
A. Sry Iryani
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Anaerobic Fermentation ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Sugar Industry ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Strong Acids

Study of the manufacture of biohydrogenBiohydrogen from Blotong Solid Waste and Sewer Liquid Waste by Anaerob Fermentation. Hydrogen is a clean and efficient energy source. The gas has the highest energy content per unit and is a fuel that is not chemically bonded with carbon. Hydrogen is an alternative energy source that can be produced from renewable energy sources such as biomass known as biohydrogen. Biohydrogen production can be done by fermentation technique. This method is a combination of chemical and biological approaches. Biological waste that became the raw material for the manufacture of hydrocarbons is degraded using various types of fungi. While chemically using strong acids from a strong start to a diluted. The specialty that exists in biohydrogen is that biohydrogen is easily converted to fuel or electricity without leaving pollutants. This research was conducted with the aim to utilize the industrial waste of sugar by using anaerobic fermentation hydrogenation bacteria to produce biohydrogen as renewable and environmentally friendly fuel and can identify good ratio to produce biohidrogen between solid waste with liquid waste. This research was conducted with 3 comparasion of variation between solid blotongwaste and sugar industry liquid waste that is: 1:1, 1:2, 2:1. From the results of this study it is concluded that the best ratio of the ratio of biohydrogen is the ratio ratio 2:1 which identifies the formation of visible gas in the balloon.

scholarly journals Application of the Initial Rate Method in Anaerobic Digestion of Kitchen Waste

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Feng ◽  
Yuan Gao ◽  
Wei Kou ◽  
Xianming Lang ◽  
Yiwei Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Initial Rate ◽  
Anaerobic Fermentation ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Kitchen Waste ◽  
First Order ◽  
Hydrolysis Constants ◽  
Reaction Orders ◽  
Rate Method ◽  
Kinetics Of

This article proposes a methane production approach through sequenced anaerobic digestion of kitchen waste, determines the hydrolysis constants and reaction orders at both low total solid (TS) concentrations and high TS concentrations using the initial rate method, and examines the population growth model and first-order hydrolysis model. The findings indicate that the first-order hydrolysis model better reflects the kinetic process of gas production. During the experiment, all the influential factors of anaerobic fermentation retained their optimal values. The hydrolysis constants and reaction orders at low TS concentrations are then employed to demonstrate that the first-order gas production model can describe the kinetics of the gas production process. At low TS concentrations, the hydrolysis constants and reaction orders demonstrated opposite trends, with both stabilizing after 24 days at 0.99 and 1.1252, respectively. At high TS concentrations, the hydrolysis constants and the reaction orders stabilized at 0.98 (after 18 days) and 0.3507 (after 14 days), respectively. Given sufficient reaction time, the hydrolysis involved in anaerobic fermentation of kitchen waste can be regarded as a first-order reaction in terms of reaction kinetics. This study serves as a good reference for future studies regarding the kinetics of anaerobic digestion of kitchen waste.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document