Acute Sinusitis—Principles of Judicious Use of Antimicrobial Agents

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 101 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 174-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine L. O'Brien ◽  
Scott F. Dowell ◽  
Benjamin Schwartz ◽  
S. Michael Marcy ◽  
William R. Phillips ◽  
...  

Establishing an accurate diagnosis of bacterial sinusitis is challenging but critical, because viral rhinosinusitis is at least 20 to 200 times more common than bacterial infection of the sinuses. Strict criteria for clinical diagnosis that require either prolonged and persistent symptoms or an acute severe presentation are supported with published evidence.

1996 ◽  
Vol 37 (3P2) ◽  
pp. 708-713 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Lindbæk ◽  
U. L.-H. Johnsen ◽  
E. Kaastad ◽  
S. Dølvik ◽  
P. Møll ◽  
...  

Purpose: To study CT findings in general practice patients with a clinical diagnosis of acute sinusitis, and to examine the interobserver variation between 2 radiologists with regard to their CT evaluation. Material and Methods: Two hundred and one patients were examined with coronal CT images of the paranasal sinuses within 2 days of the clinical diagnosis. Patients with chronic sinusitis were excluded. Fluid level or total opacification of any sinus were used as evidence of sinusitis. Results: One hundred and twenty-seven (63%) patients had fluid level or total opacification in a sinus region, most in more than one region. One hundred and fifteen had CT signs of sinusitis in the ethmoid region, 84 in the maxillary, 18 in the frontal, and 10 in the sphenoid. Forty-nine patients had a negative CT. In the evaluation of interobserver agreement, the overall assessment of the CT yielded a kappa value of 0.70. Conclusion: The study demonstrated great variation in the CT findings in general practice patients with suspected acute sinusitis. More than one sinus region was affected in most patients in whom sinusitis was confirmed by CT imaging; the most common combination was ethmoid and maxillary sinuses. The interobserver agreement was substantial.


RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (24) ◽  
pp. 19676-19685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongneng Jiang ◽  
Liqun Zhang ◽  
Fei Liu ◽  
Chang Liu ◽  
Linlin Liu ◽  
...  

Gas gangrene is a bacterial infection that produces gas in tissues in gangrene.C. perfringenswith alpha-toxin plays a key role in gas gangrene. Detection ofC. perfringensis highly important in clinical diagnosis of gas gangrene.


2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (87) ◽  
pp. 89-93
Author(s):  
N. Slobodyuk

Antibacterial agents are one of the most important groups of medical preparations  in the treatment of bacterial infection of different localization in humane and in veterinary medicine. The consequence of their rational use (the establishment of sensitivity of the pathogenic microflora, compliance with the course of treatment, etc.) have a high therapeutic effect and the minimum development of resistant strains of microorganisms. The widely used  group of antimicrobial agents in veterinary medicine are second-generation fluorohinolone antibiotics that have good pharmacokinetic properties, a broad spectrum of bactericidal activity, and relatively low toxicity, although they have their own warnings and restrictions on the use of small animals during the formation of bone tissue. To achieve high therapeutic efficacy and minimizing of side effects, it is described the compatibility of some fluoroquinolones with other pharmacological groups. They found their application in the treatment of both productive animals, poultry, fur animals and petty domestic (dogs and cats) with a bacterial infection of the urinary tract, digestive and respiratory systems, infected wounds, etc. The article describes the detailed mechanism of action of the antibiotics of the fluoroquinolone group, which provides an opportunity for a deeper understanding of the manifestation of the bactericidal effect, as well as their classification by generation or generation. Particular attention deserves attention to the time of carrenia of fluoroquinolones in the context of their application to productive animals, because high quality livestock products minimize the development of resistant strains in humans and provide them with health. There is also a list of all registered medicinal products registered in Ukraine containing: ofloxacin, enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, marbofloxacin, denofloxacin, which carries important informative information for practicing doctors, pharmacists, etc.


2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-205
Author(s):  
Xiao-Xin Shi ◽  
Meng-Ying Liao ◽  
Li-Li Tao ◽  
Xin-Gen Wang ◽  
Wei-Hua Yin

Dedifferentiated liposarcoma rarely occurs in the esophagus. It always has atypical clinical manifestations and different pathologic features, which usually lead to misdiagnosis and mistreatment. Given its poor prognosis, early and accurate diagnosis is of the utmost importance. The accumulation of similar cases is critical for surgeons and pathologists to raise awareness of such tumors. This report aims to discuss the diagnosis and provide a reference for the clinical diagnosis and treatment for pathologists and clinicians.


Diagnosis ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 6-23
Author(s):  
Ashley Graham Kennedy

This chapter demonstrates how the process of clinical diagnosis requires first establishing a therapeutic alliance between the patient and the physician and then drawing on, and evaluating, both qualitative and quantitative forms of evidence. Although clinical diagnosis is a technical process that requires an understanding of scientific study design, probability theory, and statistical analysis, it is also relational because it starts with the relationship between the patient and the physician. In fact, very often, getting to a correct diagnosis directly depends on the way in which the physician navigates this relationship: If a physician is dismissive of the patient’s concerns, the physician risks cutting the patient off too quickly and possibly missing important pieces of evidence that could lead to a timely and accurate diagnosis.


2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Mary Mathew ◽  
Bhavna Nayal ◽  
Bhawna Nagel ◽  
Joseph Thomas

Botryomycosis is a unique form of bacterial infection, closely mimicking actinomycosis. The usual site of occurrence is the skin and renal botryomycosis is very rare. The most common organism isStaphylococcus aureuswhich can be identified using Gram stain and confirmed by culture. Early and accurate diagnosis can ensure appropriate antibiotic therapy. We present a young lady diagnosed to have incidental botryomycosis of the kidney, following nephrectomy.


2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 1023-1038 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roswitha Dorsch ◽  
Svenja Teichmann-Knorrn ◽  
Heidi Sjetne Lund

Practical relevance: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is an important cause of feline lower urinary tract disease (FLUTD), particularly in female cats older than 10 years of age. In addition to cats with typical clinical signs of FLUTD or upper UTI, many cats have subclinical bacteriuria, but the clinical relevance of this is currently uncertain. UTIs are one of the most important indications for antimicrobial use in veterinary medicine and contribute to the development of antimicrobial resistance. Adherence to treatment guidelines and confinement to a few first-line antimicrobial agents is imperative to avoid further deterioration of the antimicrobial resistance situation. The decision to treat with antimicrobials should be based on the presence of clinical signs, and/or concurrent diseases, and the results of urine culture and susceptibility testing. Clinical challenges: Distinguishing between cats with bacterial cystitis, and those with idiopathic cystitis and concurrent clinical or subclinical bacteriuria, is challenging, as clinical signs and urinalysis results may be identical. Optimal treatment of subclinical bacteriuria requires clarification as there is currently no evidence that demonstrates a beneficial effect of routine treatment. Management of recurrent UTIs remains a challenge as evidence for most alternatives used for prevention in cats is mainly anecdotal, and no preventive treatment modality is currently recommended. Evidence base: This review draws on an extensive literature base in veterinary and human medicine, including the recently updated guidelines of the International Society for Companion Animal Infectious Diseases for the diagnosis and management of bacterial urinary tract infections in dogs and cats. Where published evidence is lacking, the authors describe their own approach; notably, for the bacteriuric cat with chronic kidney disease.


Author(s):  
Nicholas M Brown ◽  
Erwin M Brown ◽  
Nicholas M Brown ◽  
Anna L Goodman ◽  
Carolyne Horner ◽  
...  

Abstract The UK guidelines for the treatment of infections caused by MRSA have been updated and are published in JAC-Antimicrobial Resistance. The update reviews new evidence published since the previous UK guidelines were published over 10 years ago. It includes evidence relating to antimicrobial agents that have been licensed since then for the treatment of Gram-positive bacterial infections including MRSA. It also considers the impact on treatment of the changing epidemiology of MRSA in the UK, especially relating to circulating community strains. A striking finding from the current literature review was the paucity of good quality evidence. The current guidelines therefore represent a hybrid of varying degrees of evidence and expert opinion. Where there was no new published evidence, we have retained some of the existing recommendations. We were unable to find strong evidence of the superior efficacy of newer agents compared with that of vancomycin.


2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Zhou ◽  
Meng Du ◽  
Shuai Chang ◽  
Zhiyi Chen

AbstractUltrasound is one of the most important examinations for clinical diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases. The speed of image movements driven by the frequency of the beating heart is faster than that of other organs. This particularity of echocardiography poses a challenge for sonographers to diagnose accurately. However, artificial intelligence for detection, functional evaluation, and disease diagnosis has gradually become an alternative for accurate diagnosis and treatment using echocardiography. This work discusses the current application of artificial intelligence in echocardiography technology, its limitations, and future development directions.


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