Growth and Normal Puberty

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 102 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 507-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Val Abbassi
Keyword(s):  
Adult Height ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Final Height ◽  
Peak Height ◽  
Height Velocity ◽  
Peak Height Velocity ◽  
Pubertal Stage ◽  
Pubertal Growth ◽  
Velocity Peak ◽  
The Mean

We reviewed the growth characteristics of American boys and girls from published studies, including age at takeoff, age at peak height velocity, peak height velocity, duration of puberty, and the magnitude of the pubertal contribution to adult height. Age at takeoff is highly variable and sex-dependent. The mean takeoff age in children growing at an average rate is ∼11 years in boys and 9 years in girls, and peak height velocity occurs at a mean age of 13.5 years and 11.5 years, respectively, in these children. Whole-year peak height velocity is 9.5 cm/y in boys and 8.3 cm/y in girls, with slight variations in the different studies. The contribution of pubertal growth to final height is ∼30 to 31 cm in boys, accounting for 17% to 18% of the final height, and 27.5 to 29 cm in girls, accounting for 17% of the final height. The magnitude of pubertal growth has a negative correlation with age at takeoff, but no correlation with final height. Age at takeoff, however, correlates highly with pubertal stage, but correlates negatively with duration of puberty.

Somatomedin A in male puberty. Variation with age, maturity, growth and androgens

1984 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 312-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Søren Krabbe ◽  
Knud William Kastrup ◽  
Lotte Hummer
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Peak Height ◽  
Pubic Hair ◽  
Height Velocity ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Peak Height Velocity ◽  
Pubertal Growth ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Hair Development ◽  
Mean Trend

Abstract. Bioassayable somatomedin-A (SM-A) and serum concentrations of testosterone (T) and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) were determined longitudinally in 26 normal boys during puberty. The mean trend of SM-A increased in relation to age, pubic hair development and peak height velocity (PHV) and significant correlations were observed with testicular volume, height velocity and T (all P < 0.001) but not with DHEA. In relation to growth SM-A increased mainly during 12 to 6 months prior to PHV but no further increase was seen in the 6 months thereafter. Thus pubertal growth and development have to be taken into account in the evaluation of changes in bioassayable SM-A concentrations in boys.

scholarly journals Estimation of Pubertal Growth Spurt Parameters in Children and Adolescents Living at Moderate Altitude in Colombia

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Antonio Cossio-Bolaños ◽  
Ruben Vidal-Espinoza ◽  
Juan Minango-Negrete ◽  
Pedro R. Olivares ◽  
Luis Urzua-Alul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Final Height ◽  
Peak Height ◽  
Height Velocity ◽  
Growth Spurt ◽  
Moderate Altitude ◽  
Biological Parameters ◽  
Pubertal Growth Spurt ◽  
Peak Height Velocity ◽  
Pubertal Growth

ObjectiveKnowledge of the biological parameters of pubertal growth spurt allows verification of secular changes and exploration of the timing of puberty. The aim of the study was to estimate final height, age at peak height velocity (APHV), and peak height velocity PHV (cm/y) in children and adolescents living at moderate altitude in Colombia.MethodsA cross-sectional study was designed in 2.295 schoolchildren from Bogotá (Colombia) with an age range from 5.0 to 18.9 years. Height (cm) was assessed. Preece–Baines model 1 (1PB) was used to make inferences about mathematical and biological parameters.ResultsThe five mathematical parameters estimated in general have reflected quality in the fit to the model, reflecting a small residual error. Final height was reached in boys at 170.8 ± 0.4 cm and in girls at 157.9 ± 0.2 cm. APHV was estimated at 12.71 ± 0.1 years in boys and 10.4 ± 0.2 years in girls. Girls reached APHV 2.2 years earlier than boys. In relation to PHV (cm/y), boys reached higher growth speed in height (7.4 ± 0.4 cm/y), and in girls it was (7.0 ± 0.2 cm/y).ConclusionIt was determined that final height was reached at 170.8 ± 0.4 cm in boys and 157.9 ± 0.2 cm in girls, and APHV (years) and PHV (cm/ye) were reached relatively early and with average peak velocity similar to Asian and Western populations. A large-scale longitudinal study is needed to confirm these findings.

scholarly journals Growth in achondroplasia, from birth to adulthood, analysed by the JPA-2 model

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (12) ◽  
pp. 1589-1595
Author(s):  
Mariana del Pino ◽  
Virginia Fano ◽  
Paula Adamo
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Growth Curve ◽  
Growth Velocity ◽  
Adult Height ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Peak Height ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Individual Growth ◽  
Height Velocity ◽  
Peak Height Velocity

AbstractObjectivesIn general population, there are three phases in the human growth curve: infancy, childhood and puberty, with different main factors involved in their regulation and mathematical models to fit them. Achondroplasia children experience a fast decreasing growth during infancy and an “adolescent growth spurt”; however, there are no longitudinal studies that cover the analysis of the whole post-natal growth. Here we analyse the whole growth curve from infancy to adulthood applying the JPA-2 mathematical model.MethodsTwenty-seven patients, 17 girls and 10 boys with achondroplasia, who reached adult size, were included. Height growth data was collected from birth until adulthood. Individual growth curves were estimated by fitting the JPA-2 model to each individual’s height for age data.ResultsHeight growth velocity curves show that after a period of fast decreasing growth velocity since birth, with a mean of 9.7 cm/year at 1 year old, the growth velocity is stable in late preschool years, with a mean of 4.2 cm/year. In boys, age and peak height velocity in puberty were 13.75 years and 5.08 cm/year and reach a mean adult height of 130.52 cm. In girls, the age and peak height velocity in puberty were 11.1 years and 4.32 cm/year and reach a mean adult height of 119.2 cm.ConclusionsThe study of individual growth curves in achondroplasia children by the JPA-2 model shows the three periods, infancy, childhood and puberty, with a similar shape but lesser in magnitude than general population.

scholarly journals Injury Risk and Injury Burden Are Related to Age Group and Peak Height Velocity Among Talented Male Youth Soccer Players

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 232596711881104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Jan Bult ◽  
Maarten Barendrecht ◽  
Igor Joeri Ramon Tak
Keyword(s):  
Injury Risk ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Peak Height ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Height Velocity ◽  
Incidence Density ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Peak Height Velocity ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Injury Burden

Background: The relationship between injury risk (IR) in age groups and periods around peak height velocity (PHV) remains unclear. PHV is defined as the moment of the largest increase in body height. Purpose: To investigate injury risk and injury burden as functions of growth velocity (periods around PHV) and chronological age groupings (under 12 years [U12] to U19) in talented youth male soccer players. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: A total of 170 players from the youth academy of a Dutch soccer club (highest professional league: Eredivisie) were observed for 1 to 3 seasons. Injuries, exposure, PHV age, and chronological age were registered. The injury incidence density (IID) and injury burden per 1000 hours of soccer participation, with 95% CIs, were calculated for 5 PHV periods and 7 age groups. These were compared with the overall cohort results using incidence ratios (IRs) and burden ratios (BRs) with 95% CIs. Results: The mean age at PHV was 14.4 ± 0.65 years (range, 12.8-16.5 years). The mean IID for the total cohort was 8.34 injuries per 1000 hours (95% CI, 7.71-9.02). Compared with the overall mean, a significantly higher IID was found for PHV period 4+5 (IR, 1.31 [95% CI, 1.00-1.71]; P = .049) and for the U15 group (IR, 1.49 [95% CI, 1.24-1.79]; P < .001). The overall injury burden was 58.37 injury days per 1000 hours (95% CI, 56.66-60.13). In PHV period 4+5, the injury burden was significantly higher (BR, 1.53 [95% CI, 1.39-1.68]; P < .001) when compared with the overall mean. Also, compared with the overall mean, the injury burden was higher in the U16 (BR, 1.48 [95% CI, 1.39-1.58]; P < .001), U15 (BR, 1.28 [95% CI, 1.19-1.38]; P < .001), and U17 groups (BR, 1.21 [95% CI, 1.13-1.31]; P < .001). Conclusion: Talented young soccer players were more prone to injuries during the 6 months after PHV (31% above overall mean) as well as in the U15 group (49% above overall mean). Based on the higher injury burden in the U16 (48%), U15 (28%), and U17 (21%) groups, we suggest that research on injury risk factors and preventive measures should primarily target these age groups. Additional interventions based on PHV may be of limited value from a screening perspective. Further research is needed on the interaction between age groups and PHV periods.

IMPACT OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES ON PUBERTAL TIMING IN UKRAINIAN GIRLS: RESULTS A MULTICENTER STUDY

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (10) ◽  
pp. 2392-2399
Author(s):  
Aidyn G. Salmanov ◽  
Orusia A. Kovalyshyn ◽  
Roman S. Scoreiko ◽  
Victor M. Zinchenko ◽  
Serhiy M. Baksheev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Final Height ◽  
Pubertal Development ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Peak Height ◽  
Height Velocity ◽  
Peak Height Velocity

The aim: To determine current age at the initiation of puberty for Ukrainian school-aged girls and infections impact to puberty. Materias and methods: We performed a multicentre cohort study. The analyses are based on data that were collected and evaluated biannually on Ukrainian school girls aged 6-17 years from 5 regions of Ukraine. Pubertal development was classified according to the Marshall and Tanner criteria. Results: Overall, 2,784 girls have been included in the study. Mean age of onset of puberty in Ukrainian girls was 10.1±1.0 yrs. Age of onset of pubic hair was 11.0±1.0 yrs and that of axillary hair was 11.6±1.0 yrs. Mean age in girls of menarche was 12.2±0.9 yrs. There were no significant correlations between age at onset of puberty and body mass index, final height, total peak height velocity, duration of puberty, and peak height velocity. A total of 2,420 infectious diseases were diagnosted. Of these, 64.8% were viral and 35.2% bacterial infections, respectively. Ukrainian girls with infectious diseases (especially viral infections) had older age at pubertal onset and positive association of infections in childhood with late age of menarche. Conclusions: Infectious morbidity (especially viral infections) in girls may be associated with later puberty. The lowering of the number of infections in childhood could be an additional factor that contributes to earlier puberty. To reduce infectious diseases, more attention should be paid to the vaccination of children.

scholarly journals Understanding the Mismatch Between Coaches’ and Players’ Perceptions of Exertion

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 562-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel S. Brink ◽  
Anna W. Kersten ◽  
Wouter G.P. Frencken
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Peak Height ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Height Velocity ◽  
Endurance Capacity ◽  
Peak Height Velocity ◽  
Heart Rate Monitors ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Run Test ◽  
Shuttle Run

A mismatch between the training exertion intended by a coach and the exertion perceived by players is well established in sports. However, it is unknown whether coaches can accurately observe exertion of individual players during training. Furthermore, the discrepancy in coaches’ and players’ perceptions has not been explained.Purpose:To determine the relation between intended and observed training exertion by the coach and perceived training exertion by the players and establish whether on-field training characteristics, intermittent endurance capacity, and maturity status explain the mismatch.Methods:During 2 mesocycles of 4 wk (in November and March), rating of intended exertion (RIE), rating of observed exertion (ROE), and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were monitored in 31 elite young soccer players. External and internal training loads were objectively quantified with accelerometers (PlayerLoad) and heart-rate monitors (TRIMPmod). Results of an interval shuttle-run test (ISRT) and age at peak height velocity (APHV) were determined for all players.Results:RIE, ROE, and RPE were monitored in 977 training sessions. The correlations between RIE and RPE (r = .58; P < .01) and between ROE and RPE (r = .64; P < .01) were moderate. The mean difference between RIE and RPE was –0.31 ± 1.99 and between ROE and RPE was –0.37 ± 1.87. Multilevel analyses showed that PlayerLoad and ISRT predicted RIE and ROE.Conclusion:Coaches base their intended and observed exertion on what they expect players will do and what they actually did on the field. When doing this, they consider the intermittent endurance capacity of individual players.

Maturity-Related Variation in Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity Among 9–14 Year Olds

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 597-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric E. Wickel ◽  
Joey C. Eisenmann ◽  
Gregory J. Welk
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Peak Height ◽  
Height Velocity ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Peak Height Velocity ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Biological Maturity

Background:This study compared physical activity levels among early, average, and late maturing boys and girls.Methods:Physical activity was assessed with an Actigraph accelerometer in 161 (76 boys, 85 girls) 9 to 14 year olds over 7 consecutive days. Anthropometric variables were measured and the maturity offset (ie, years from peak height velocity) was predicted. Biological maturity groups (early, average, and late) were created based on the mean estimated age at peak height velocity for boys and girls separately.Results:Levels of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) were similar between early, average, and late maturing boys and girls after adjusting for differences in chronological age. Levels of MVPA progressively declined across chronological age in boys and girls (P < .001) and gender differences existed at 10-, 12-, and 13-years, with boys having higher levels than girls (P < .05). When aligned according to biological age, gender-related differences in MVPA did not exist.Conclusions:Within this sample of 9 to 14 year old boys and girls, there were no significant differences in MVPA among early, average, and late maturing individuals.

Height Growth Impairment in Children With Neurofibromatosis Type 1 Is Characterized by Decreased Pubertal Growth Velocity in Both Sexes

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (12) ◽  
pp. 762-766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas R. Zessis ◽  
Feng Gao ◽  
Gayathri Vadlamudi ◽  
David H. Gutmann ◽  
Abby S. Hollander
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Neurofibromatosis Type 1 ◽  
Growth Velocity ◽  
Neurofibromatosis Type ◽  
Peak Height ◽  
Height Velocity ◽  
Peak Height Velocity ◽  
Pubertal Growth ◽  
Nf1 Gene

Previous studies have suggested that children with neurofibromatosis type 1 are shorter than their unaffected counterparts as an effect of a germline NF1 gene mutation. The pathophysiology of this effect is still uncertain. The purpose of this study was to characterize longitudinal growth in children with neurofibromatosis type 1 in order to assess growth velocity and its influence on stature. Longitudinal height data were collected for 188 patients with a confirmed clinical diagnosis of neurofibromatosis type 1. Children with neurofibromatosis type 1 had population mean heights statistically different from the general population, with a reduced peak height velocity during pubertal growth. In addition, there were no significant differences in the timing of peak height velocity during puberty between the general population and those with neurofibromatosis type 1. These data demonstrate that short stature in neurofibromatosis type 1 is due in part to subnormal height acquisition during puberty.

scholarly journals Evaluation of near final height in boys with constitutional delay in growth and puberty

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 456-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farzaneh Rohani ◽  
Mohammad Reza Alai ◽  
Sedighe Moradi ◽  
Davoud Amirkashani
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Adult Height ◽  
Final Height ◽  
Bone Age ◽  
Target Height ◽  
Pubertal Stage ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Constitutional Delay ◽  
Parental Height ◽  
The Mean

Background This study was conducted to find out whether boys with constitutional delay in growth and puberty (CDGP) could attain their target height and predicted adult height (PAH) in adulthood or not. Methods After measuring the height, weight, pubertal stage, parental height and bone age data of the patients at their first presentation were extracted from the files and their height and weight were measured at the end of the study, wrist X-Ray was performed in order to determine the bone age. PAH was calculated using Bayley–Pinneau method and target height was estimated by mid parental height. Final or near final heights of the patients were measured and compared with the target height and PAH. Results The mean age at presentation and the end of study was 15.2 ± 0.95, 20 ± 0.75 years respectively. Mean of bone age at the beginning of study was 12.97 ± 1 years and at the end of study were 17.6 ± 0.58 years. Mean of delayed bone age was 2.2 ± 0.82 years. Mean of the primary measured heights was 150.16 ± 7 cm (138–160 cm). Mean of final or near final heights was 165.7 ± 2.89 cm (161–170.5 cm). Final or near final heights in our subjects were smaller than either their PAH (165.7 ± 2.89 vs 170.7 ± 5.17) (P value <0.005) or target height (165.7 ± 2.89 vs 171.8 ± 4.65) (P value <0.0001). Conclusion Most patients with CDGP do not reach their target height or predicted adult height; they are usually shorter than their parents and general population. Such patients need to be followed up until they reach their final height and, in some cases, adjunctive medical treatment might be indicated.

scholarly journals Growth and Maturity Status of Female Soccer Players: A Narrative Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Malina ◽  
Diogo V. Martinho ◽  
João Valente-dos-Santos ◽  
Manuel J. Coelho-e-Silva ◽  
Sławomir M. Kozieł
Keyword(s):  
Adult Height ◽  
Reference Data ◽  
Peak Velocity ◽  
Peak Height ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Height Velocity ◽  
Age At Menarche ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Peak Height Velocity ◽  
Selection Of

Reported mean ages, heights and weights of female soccer players aged <19 years in 161 studies spanning the years 1992–2020 were extracted from the literature or calculated from data available to the authors; 35 studies spanning the years 1981–2020 also included an indicator of biological maturation. Heights and weights were plotted relative to U.S. reference data. Preece–Baines Model 1 was fitted to moving averages to estimate ages at peak velocity. Maturity indicators included skeletal age, pubertal status, age at menarche, percentage of predicted adult height and predicted maturity offset. Heights and weights showed negligible secular variation across the time interval. Heights were slightly above or approximated the reference medians through 14 years old and then varied between the medians and 75th percentiles through 18 years old. Weights were above the reference medians from 9 to 18 years old. Mean ages at menarche ranged from 12.7 to 13.0 years. The trend in heights and weights suggested the persistence and/or selection of taller and heavier players during adolescence, while estimated age at peak height velocity (PHV) and ages at menarche were within the range of mean ages in European and North American samples. Data for skeletal and sexual maturity status were limited; predicted maturity offset increased linearly with mean ages and heights at prediction.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document