PEDIATRICS IN GENERAL PRACTICE

A STUDY of the general practitioners' opinions about that portion of their practice devoted to pediatrics is the subject of a recent report. In view of the fact that the great majority of pediatric care in the United States is provided by general practitioners, this report is of interest to pediatricians as well as general practitioners. In this study, approximately 125 general practitioners living in the state of Washington were interviewed. All of them had graduated from medical school after 1950. The data obtained showed that the proportion of general practice devoted to pediatrics in 1957 was virtually identical to that reported in the survey made by the Academy of Pediatrics in 1948. In 1948, one-third of the general practitioners' patients were children; the figure obtained in 1957 was 34%.

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Studies of Islam, Economics, and Governance

American Journal of Islam and Society ◽

10.35632/ajis.v11i1.2454 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 38-70

Author(s):

Florence Eid

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Ford Foundation ◽

The United States ◽

The State ◽

Edward Said ◽

The Subject ◽

State Of Research ◽

Traditional Approaches ◽

Islamic Values

IntroductionThis paper is a report on the state of research in two areas of Islamicstudies: Islam and economics and Islam and governance. I researched andwrote it as part of my internship at the Ford Foundation during the summerof 1992. On Discourse. The study of Islam in the United States has moved far beyondthe traditional historical and philological methods. This is perhapsbest explained by the development of analytically rigorous social sciencemethods that have contributed to a better balance between the humanisticconcerns of the more traditional approaches and efforts at systematizingthe study of Islam and classifying it across boundaries of communities,religions, even epochs. This is said to have s t a d with the developmentof irenic attitudes towards Islam, which changed the direction of westemorientalist writings from indifference (at best) and often open hostility toand contempt of Islamic values (however they were understood) to phenomenologicalworks by scholars who saw the study of Islam as somethingto be taken seriously and for its own sake, which is best exemplifiedby Clifford Geertz's Islam Observed.The work of Edward Said contested this evolution, and the publicationof his Orientalism has been described as "a stick of dynamite"' that,despite its impact in mobilizing a reevaluation of the field, was unwarrantedin its pessimism. In any case, the field has continued to evolve,with the most powerful force moving it being the subject itself. Thephenomenological/orientalist approach, if we can point to one today, ...

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Crisis Standards of Care Implementation at the State Level in the United States

Prehospital and Disaster Medicine ◽

10.1017/s1049023x20001089 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 35 (6) ◽

pp. 599-603 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Colton Margus ◽

Ritu R. Sarin ◽

Michael Molloy ◽

Gregory R. Ciottone

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Large Scale ◽

State Level ◽

The United States ◽

The State ◽

Pediatric Care ◽

Standards Of Care ◽

Institute Of Medicine ◽

Full Spectrum ◽

The Us

AbstractIntroduction:In 2009, the Institute of Medicine published guidelines for implementation of Crisis Standards of Care (CSC) at the state level in the United States (US). Based in part on the then concern for H1N1 pandemic, there was a recognized need for additional planning at the state level to maintain health system preparedness and conventional care standards when available resources become scarce. Despite the availability of this framework, in the years since and despite repeated large-scale domestic events, implementation remains mixed.Problem:Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) rejuvenates concern for how health systems can maintain quality care when faced with unrelenting burden. This study seeks to outline which states in the US have developed CSC and which areas of care have thus far been addressed.Methods:An online search was conducted for all 50 states in 2015 and again in 2020. For states without CSC plans online, state officials were contacted by email and phone. Public protocols were reviewed to assess for operational implementation capabilities, specifically highlighting guidance on ventilator use, burn management, sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score, pediatric standards, and reliance on influenza planning.Results:Thirty-six states in the US were actively developing (17) or had already developed (19) official CSC guidance. Fourteen states had no publicly acknowledged effort. Eleven of the 17 public plans had updated within five years, with a majority addressing ventilator usage (16/17), influenza planning (14/17), and pediatric care (15/17), but substantially fewer addressing care for burn patients (9/17).Conclusion:Many states lacked publicly available guidance on maintaining standards of care during disasters, and many states with specific care guidelines had not sufficiently addressed the full spectrum of hazard to which their health care systems remain vulnerable.

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State Speech vs. Hate Speech

Essays in Philosophy ◽

10.5840/eip20067120 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 83-100

Author(s):

Michael Weinman ◽

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Criminal Justice ◽

Comparative Study ◽

Hate Speech ◽

The United States ◽

The State ◽

The Social ◽

The Subject ◽

Do So ◽

New View

This is, indeed, another work on the subject of hate speech regulation in the United States. And yet, it is not just another such work. For my goal here is not to settle the jurisprudential arguments regarding the possibility of any specific hate speech regulation, either extant or yet to be conceived, withstanding a Constitutional test. Nor is it my intention to demonstrate, on the basis of a comparative study of existing legislation, that such regulation either is or is not effective in addressing or redressing the social ills of hatred, discrimination, and inequality. Rather, I will achieve greater analytical clarity about just what the harms of hate speech are. I do so in order to reinvigorate the question about regulation with a new view of what exactly the object needing attention is, by demonstrating that though there are real harms here, the state cannot provide a regulatory remedy (at least qua criminal justice). Thus, in my conclusion I will assert that the question of what we might do differently in response to hate speech can only be answered —however provisionally—insofar as we first confront how we need to think differently about it. Specifically, I will argue that we need to replace the emphasis on redressing harms once they have occurred with a new emphasis on addressing, and ultimately eliminating, the conditions which make those harms possible in the first place.

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Models of Emergency Statebuilding in the United States

Perspectives on Politics ◽

10.1017/s1537592715001255 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 697-713 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Tyler M. Curley

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Emergency Management ◽

The United States ◽

The State ◽

Legal Order ◽

Exogenous Shocks ◽

National Planning ◽

The Subject ◽

National Security State ◽

The Impact

Over the last decade, the impact of emergencies on the American state has become the subject of renewed interest. While early literature in the post-9/11 era often overlooked the historical development of crisis governance in the United States, many scholars have begun to uncover the precedents that continue to shape modern emergency management. In an effort to clarify the main analytical assumptions of the existing scholarship, I construct three models of emergency statebuilding: permanent emergency state, national security state, and contract state. The models each share an underlying framework of historical institutionalism, which defines the state as a stabilized material institutional structure that is disrupted by emergency conditions—exogenous shocks that cannot be incorporated into the normal statebuilding processes or legal order. Yet this perspective is ill-equipped to explain institutional change. I propose discursive institutionalism as an approach that emphasizes how discourse and ideas construct emergencies as objects of government management—in different ways, at different times. I then illustrate the utility of this perspective by demonstrating the influence of national planning ideas on efforts to prepare the state for emergencies before they occur.

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China and the Vietnam Wars, 1950–1975. By Qiang Zhai. [Chapel Hill, NC and London: University of North Carolina Press, 2000. £14.95. 304 pp. ISBN 0-8078-4842-5.]

The China Quarterly ◽

10.1017/s0009443902300287 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 170 ◽

pp. 477-502

Author(s):

John Garver

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

North Carolina ◽

The United States ◽

The State ◽

Foreign Affairs ◽

University Of North Carolina ◽

State Council ◽

Chapel Hill ◽

Wide Range ◽

The Subject

This is a pathbreaking, in-depth account of China's role in Vietnam's wars against France and the United States. It is a meticulously documented, carefully balanced, and well-written work, which will stand for some time as the definitive work on the subject. Zhai draws on wide range of Chinese sources made available during the 1980s and 1990s. These include documents Zhai personally collected at the Jiangsu provincial archives, including reports on Vietnam conveyed to Jiangsu by the Foreign Affairs Office of the State Council at annual conferences between 1958 and 1966.

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Canadian-American Relations: Law of the Sea

International Organization ◽

10.1017/s002081830000583x ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 28 (4) ◽

pp. 755-780 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Ann L. Hollick

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

The United States ◽

The State ◽

Bureaucratic Politics ◽

State Model ◽

Law Of The Sea ◽

The Political ◽

Political Processes ◽

Systems Perspective ◽

The Subject

The governments of Canada and the United States are playing very active roles in negotiations to define the law of the sea, which has been the subject of international conferences in 1958, 1960, and that beginning in December 1973. These provide the framework for a study of US-Canadian relations in the uses of the sea. Three perspectives may be adopted to understand the political processes involved in law of the sea relations: (1) the state-to-state model, (2) the bureaucratic politics approach, and (3) the transnational systems perspective.

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