scholarly journals Beryllium Induced Biochemical Alterations in Rodent Model and its Treatment with Calcium Salt of Diethylene Triamine Penta Acetic Acid with α -tocopherol

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 137-142
Author(s):  
A. K. Upadhyay and S. P. Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Therapeutic Efficacy ◽  
Serum Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Total Serum Protein ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Biochemical Alterations ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Significant Fall

To evaluate therapeutic efficacy of chelating agents tiron (Sodium-4,5- dihydroxy-1,3-benzene di-sulphonate) and CaNa3DTPA (Calcium tri-sodium di-ethylene tri-amine penta acetic acid) in presence of α-tocopherol against beryllium induced toxicity, adult female albino rats were exposed to beryllium nitrate for 28 days followed by therapy with tiron (471 mg/kg, ip) and CaNa3DTPA (35 mg/kg, ip) alone and in combination with α-tocopherol (25 mg/kg, po). Results revealed non-significant fall in hemoglobin and total serum protein content while significant fall in blood sugar level and activity of serum alkaline phosphatase. On the other hand, significant rise in the activity of serum transaminases and LDH was noticed after beryllium administration. Significant increase in total and esterified cholesterol was found in liver and kidney after toxicity. Significant increase in lipid peroxidation and decreased level of reduced glutathione in both the organs showed oxidative stress due to beryllium exposure. CaNa3DTPA showed moderate therapeutic efficacy; however, its effectiveness was enhanced with α-tocopherol to some extent. Tiron in combination with α-tocopherol exerted statistically more beneficial effects in reversal of beryllium induced biochemical alterations.

LOSS OF PHOSPHOLIPID IN THE SKIN OF TUMOR-BEARING RATS

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 1447-1451
Author(s):  
Eldon M. Boyd ◽  
Irene E. Millar
Keyword(s):  
Significant Rise ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Cholesterol Esters ◽  
Tumor Bearing ◽  
Significant Fall

There occurs a unique, statistically significant fall in the level of phospholipid in the skin of albino rats bearing large Walker carcinosarcomata 256. The shift is similar to that produced by application of methylcholanthrene. It is preceded by loss of skin weight and increases in levels of skin water, cholesterol, and cholestrol esters. It is accompanied by loss of skin neutral fat and cholesterol esters. The quadratic shift in cholesterol esters occurs in hair before it occurs in skin, and is accompanied by a loss of hair weight and a slight but significant rise in levels of hair neutral fat. Declining levels of skin phospholipid may be part of the mechanism of production of the sallow appearance of the skin in late malignancy.

STUDIES ON THE PERFORMANCE, DEVELOPMENT AND CARCASS COMPOSITION OF THE GROWING PIG: EFFECTS OF SEX, FEEDING REGIME AND AGE ON BLOOD SERUM PARAMETERS

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 977-984 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. DOORNENBAL ◽  
A. K. W. TONG ◽  
A. H. MARTIN ◽  
A. P. SATHER
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Serum Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Total Serum Protein ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Serum Parameters ◽  
Feeding Regime

Blood samples from 120 pigs serially slaughtered at five age groups, starting at 85 days of age with intervals of 2 wk, were used to study the effects of sex, feeding regime and age on a 12 component metabolic blood serum profile. The differences between barrows and gilts were small and only significant (P < 0.05) for blood urea. Pigs fed ad libitum had a significantly (P < 0.05) higher level of blood urea, calcium, inorganic phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase but a significantly (P < 0.01) lower level of creatinine than restricted fed pigs. Age had the most pronounced effects on the serum parameters studied, with blood urea, calcium, bilirubin, creatinine, total serum protein and albumin showing a significant (P < 0.01) increase per unit of serum with increasing age. The serum glucose, inorganic phosphorus, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and lactate dehydrogenase were also significantly (P < 0.01, P < 0.05 for glucose) influenced by age but did not show a consistent trend across the age groups. Serum alkaline phosphatase was the only component which significantly (P < 0.01) decreased with age. The results indicate that when these serum components are to be used for diagnostic or comparison purposes, age adjustment must be applied. Key words: Blood parameters, pigs, age, feeding regime, sex

scholarly journals Hepatoprotective Activity of Melittin on Isoniazid and Rifampicin Induced Liver Damage in Male Albino Rats

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalid M. Naji ◽  
Bushra Y. Al-Khatib ◽  
Nora Saif Al-Haj ◽  
Myrene R. D’souza
Keyword(s):  
Acute Hepatic Failure ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
Total Serum Protein ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Antitubercular Drug ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Ameliorative Effect ◽  
Histopathological Studies ◽  
Hematological Alterations

AbstractObjectiveThe present study aimed to investigate the ameliorative effect of melittin, a major polypeptide in the venom of honeybee (Apis mellifera) on isoniazid (INH) and rifampicin (RIF) induced hepatotoxicity in male albino rats. Method: The rats (140-200g) were divided into five groups (n=6): normal control (NC); toxic (T) group treated with INH+RIF (100 mg/kg, p.o.); melittin-treated (Mel15, Mel30) group (15 or 30 µg/kg s.c); and normal recovery (NR) group. Blood and liver samples were collected for biochemical, hematological and histopathological studies respectively.ResultsThe administration of melittin was found to prevent the antitubercular drug-induced alterations in the diagnostic markers; reduced glutathione (GSH), direct bilirubin (DB), total bilirubin (TB), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and total serum protein (TSP). Besides, hematological alterations were significantly high (P<0.0001) in Mel-treated groups when compared to the toxic control. The NR group exhibited lower levels of DB, TB, ALP, LDH and TSP. In addition, treatment with melittin offered protection in the NR group with respect to MDA levels.ConclusionEvidence from this study indicate that melittin is beneficial for the prevention of acute hepatic failure in antitubercular drug-induced hepatoxicity.

scholarly journals Evaluation of selected parameters of rat liver injury following repeated administration of oseltamivir for different periods

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-156
Author(s):  
Falah Muosa Kadhim Al-Rikabi
Keyword(s):  
Rat Liver ◽  
Repeated Administration ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Total Serum Protein ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Vacuolar Degeneration ◽  
Hepatotoxic Effect ◽  
Serum Protein Level

The effects of oseltamivir administration, an anti influenza viruses A and B, on somefunctional parameters of rat liver were investigated, to evaluate the possible hepatotoxiceffect. Eighteen (18) wister male albino rats with body weight ranged 150-190 gm weredivided into three groups, the first group(T1) was treated orally with 1mg/kg.BW astherapeutic dose of Oseltamivir for 7consuctive days. The second group (T2) wastreated with the same dose for six weeks, while the control group dosed distill water.The results revealed, there was a significant increase in the onset of barbiturate sleepingtime and a significant p ≤ 0.05 decrease of the duration of barbiturate sleeping time ofthe T2 rats . The liver enzymes activity revealed a significant decrease in ALT in T1rats and significant increased p<0.05 in the T2 rats, while the AST activity showed onlysignificant increased p<0.05 in the T2 treated rats. The activity of ALP was p<0.05significantly increased in the rats of treated groups. The blood sugar was significantlydecreased p<0.05 only in the T2rats. Cholesterol level was significantly p<0.05increased in T2 treated rats, while the serum of both treated groups showed asignificantly increase p<0.05 in the triacylglycerol concentration.The HDL level was significantly decreased p<0.05 only in theT1 rats. The treated T2rats showed a significant decrease p<0.05 in the LDL, while the VLDL level revealed asignificant increase p<0.05.The total serum protein level was significantly increasedp<0.05 in the rats of T2. Liver histopathological lesions of the T1rats revealed largeamount of suppurative exudates, severe dilation and congestion of central veins andsinusoids with activation of kupffer cells. The liver of T2 rat showed multiple areas offocal necrosis, fibrous thickening of Glisson capsule with vacuolar degeneration ofhepatic parenchyma. In:conclusion, Oseltamivir has hepatotoxic effect in rats treatedwith therapeutic dose 1mg/ kg.BW. orally in different periods.

scholarly journals Effect of Aloe vera juice on the hepatotoxicity induced by isoniazid drug

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 238-241
Author(s):  
G . V. Zodape
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Serum Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Quantitative Estimation ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Total Serum Protein ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Central Vein ◽  
Mild Degree ◽  
Serum Aspartate Aminotransferase

Aloe vera leaves were gently pressed and the juice obtained was collected in a sterile container. The yield was calculated based on weight of the extract compared to the weight of the leaves. Twenty (20) Wistar strain rats (average weight 120-150 g) were divided into four (4) groups containing five (5) rats in each group. Each group was fed on a different diet like the control rats were fed on commercial rat pellet; experimental rats fed orally with Aloe vera juice 1.0 ml/kg body weight and isoniazid drug (LD) 50ml/kg body weight. Blood samples from each group were taken after 30th day through cardiac puncture for estimation of liver function test. The extent of liver damage was assessed by quantitative estimation of serum alanine aminotransferase (serum ALT), serum aspartate aminotransferase (serum AST), serum alkaline phosphatase (serum ALP), serum acid phosphatase (serum ACP), total serum protein (albumin and globulin) and serum bilirubin. Our investigations showed that the level of bilirubin was found to be higher in aloe vera juice and isoniazid drug administered groups. The level of serum ALT was found to be highest in rat fed with isoniazid drug, whereas the level of serum AST was found lowest in rats administered with isoniazid drug. The levels of serum ALP and serum ACP were found higher in concentration in rats administered with isoniazid drug. While the level of total proteins (albumin and globulin) was found to be low in group administered with isoniazid drug. Histopathological assessment of liver revealed that the animal exposed to isoniazid drug alone showed multifocal mild degree periportal mononuclear cell infiltration. Histological lesions ranged from hepatocellar disintegration and vacuolation in the peri-central vein area to marked proliferation of the rough endoplasmic reticulum.The remaining groups, however showed normal lobular pattern of liver.

ALTERATIONS IN BLOOD BIOCHEMICAL TESTS IN PROGRESSIVE PROTEIN MALNUTRITION

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 736-743
Author(s):  
Vijay Kumar ◽  
H. Peter Chase ◽  
Keith Hammond ◽  
Donough O'Brien
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Serum Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Protein Malnutrition ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Total Serum Protein ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Protein Deprivation ◽  
Biochemical Tests

The effects of progressive protein deprivation have been studied in the monkey to determine which laboratory tests are affected early and which laboratory tests reflect the severity of protein deprivation. BUN levels and serum amylase activity were significantly reduced after 2 weeks, and hematocrit values after 4 weeks of protein deprivation. They continued to be decreased in poorly nourished animals thereafter, but did not reflect progressive protein deprivation. Total serum protein, albumin, and transferrin were affected later in the course of protein deprivation and appeared to reflect the severity of deprivation. Five of seven measured essential amino acids showed statistically significant reductions in serum concentrations after 8 weeks of low protein diet but did not show further diminution after 14 weeks. The ratio of nonessential to essential serum amino acids was also increased after 8 weeks of protein deprivation but was not further decreased after 14 weeks. Serum alkaline phosphatase and cholesterol levels were variable throughout the 20 weeks of deprivation and did not appear to be good screening tests for protein malnutrition.

scholarly journals Hepatoprotective activity of melittin on isoniazid- and rifampicin-induced liver injuries in male albino rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalid Mohammed Naji ◽  
Bushra Yahya Al-Khatib ◽  
Nora Saif Al-Haj ◽  
Myrene R. D’souza
Keyword(s):  
Acute Hepatic Failure ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
Total Serum Protein ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Antitubercular Drug ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Liver Injuries ◽  
Ameliorative Effect ◽  
Histopathological Studies

Abstract Background The present study investigated the ameliorative effect of melittin, a major polypeptide in the venom of honeybee (Apis mellifera), on isoniazid-(INH) and rifampicin-(RIF) induced hepatotoxicity in male albino rats. Method Thirty rats (140-200 g) were divided into five groups (n = 6): normal control (NC) received normal saline orally (NaCl, 0.9%; toxic (T) group received INH + RIF (each rat received 100 mg/kg, p.o.); melittin (Mel15, Mel30) groups (each rat received 15 or 30 μg/kg s.c); and normal recovery (NR) group received INH + RIF (each rat received 100 mg/kg, p.o.). Blood and liver samples were collected for biochemical, hematological and histopathological studies respectively. Results The administration of melittin was found to prevent the antitubercular drug-induced alterations in the diagnostic markers; reduced glutathione (GSH), direct bilirubin (DB), total bilirubin (TB), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and total serum protein (TSP). Besides, hematological alterations were significantly high in Mel groups when compared to the toxic group. The NR group exhibited lower levels of DB, TB, ALP, LDH and TSP. In addition, treatment with melittin offered protection in the NR group with respect to MDA levels. Conclusion Evidence from this study suggests that melittin is beneficial for the prevention of acute hepatic failure in antitubercular drug-induced hepatoxicity and could be used as a potential therapeutic agent.

scholarly journals In Vivo Comet Assay of Food Additives’ Combinations and their Effects on Biochemical Parameters in Albino Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 9170-9183
Keyword(s):  
Comet Assay ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Food Additive ◽  
Genotoxic Effect ◽  
Total Serum Protein ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
The Brain

Although the safety of food additives had been assessed individually, these permitted additives may be unsafe if used together; this study was piloted to assess the safety of various food additive mixtures. Fifty male Albino rats - Wistar strain (4 weeks old) were distributed into 10 groups, the first group orally administered distilled water, the other nine groups orally administered different mixtures of food additives at NOAEL dosage for each food additive for 30 days. Haemoglobin, malondialdehyde, kidney functions, activities of AST, ALT, and ALP. Levels of bilirubin, total protein, and albumin were also determined. Assessment of the genotoxic effect using in vivo alkaline comet assay was performed in the brain, liver, and kidney tissues. The results indicated significant Hb concentration reduction was recorded by all studied food additives’ combination compared to the control group. With the number of additives increases the Hb, total serum protein and albumin contents were significantly (p <0.05) decreased; in contrast, there was an increase in MDA, urea, creatinine, liver function enzyme activity, and bilirubin levels. Also, the examined food additives’ combinations exhibited genotoxic activities with different degrees compared to control rats in the brain, kidney, and liver, with the number of additives increases the genotoxic effect increased.

scholarly journals HEPATOTOXIC EVALUATION OF WATER AND SALT FROM OKPOSI AND UBURU SALT LAKES, NIGERIA

2007 ◽  
Vol 29 (66) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Iroha Akubugwo ◽  
Kingsley Nwanu Agbafor
Keyword(s):  
Serum Protein ◽  
Salt Solution ◽  
Lake Water ◽  
Salt Lake ◽  
Salt Lakes ◽  
Total Serum Protein ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Protein Levels

Evaluation of possible health implications of chronic consumption of salt and water from Okposi and Uburu salt lakes was carried out using adult male albino rats. The rats were placed in groups and orally administered I ml/kg of the raw lake water, semi-processed water or solution of 10% (W/V) of processed salt from the lakes for seven consecutive days. Physical activity, body mass changes, total serum protein, and transaminase activities were monitored and compared with those of control animals given equivalent volume of distilled water. Results showed that the raw (un-processed) lake water samples from both Okposi and Uburu salt lakes caused the greatest observed reduction in physical activities but elicited the highest serum transaminase activities, while the processed salt solution elicited the lower effects, when compared to control. The raw lake waters also caused the greatest reduction in the total serum protein levels (p<0.05) relative to the control. However, while the transaminase activities followed the order: raw lake water > semi-processed > processed salt solution, the order in the obtained reduction of weight and total serum protein is; raw lake water > processed salt solution > semi-processed lake water. These results suggest that the raw lake water is toxic and caused the greatest liver damage. Yet, the processing seems to improve the safety of the salt lake water. Processing methods aimed at reducing the possible adverse health effects should be employed.

LOSS OF PHOSPHOLIPID IN THE SKIN OF TUMOR-BEARING RATS

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (12) ◽  
pp. 1447-1451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eldon M. Boyd ◽  
Irene E. Millar
Keyword(s):  
Significant Rise ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Cholesterol Esters ◽  
Tumor Bearing ◽  
Significant Fall

There occurs a unique, statistically significant fall in the level of phospholipid in the skin of albino rats bearing large Walker carcinosarcomata 256. The shift is similar to that produced by application of methylcholanthrene. It is preceded by loss of skin weight and increases in levels of skin water, cholesterol, and cholestrol esters. It is accompanied by loss of skin neutral fat and cholesterol esters. The quadratic shift in cholesterol esters occurs in hair before it occurs in skin, and is accompanied by a loss of hair weight and a slight but significant rise in levels of hair neutral fat. Declining levels of skin phospholipid may be part of the mechanism of production of the sallow appearance of the skin in late malignancy.

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