Failure of Pediatricians to Provide Automobile Restraint Information to Parents

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 646-648
Author(s):  
Paul S. Simons
Keyword(s):  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Mercy Hospital ◽  
The Past ◽  
Child Restraint ◽  
Practicing Physicians ◽  
Highway Crashes

In the past decade, over 15,000 children under the age of 5 years were killed in highway crashes (1,988 fatalities in l973).1-3 Practicing physicians could well prevent many such tragic deaths by educating parents on the value of automobile seat restraints.4-5 This study was designed to investigate parental use of automobile child restraint devices in the St. Louis metropolitan area and to determine what influence physicians had on the use of these devices. METHOD Questionnaires were sent to the mothers of 559 newborn infants delivered at Barnes Hospital in St. Louis in September and October 1974 and to the mothers of 757 newborns delivered at St. John's Mercy Hospital in St. Louis County from December 15, 1974, through February 14, 1975.

Superstar Cities

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 167-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Gyourko ◽  
Christopher Mayer ◽  
Todd Sinai
Keyword(s):  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
House Prices ◽  
Aggregate Demand ◽  
House Price ◽  
Lower Income ◽  
Local Factors ◽  
The Past ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Price Appreciation

We document large long-run differences in average house price appreciation across metropolitan areas over the past 50 years, and show they can be explained by an inelastic supply of land in some unique locations combined with an increasing number of highincome households nationally. The resulting high house prices and price-to-rent ratios in those “superstar” areas crowd out lower income households. The same forces generate a similar pattern among municipalities within a metropolitan area. These facts suggest that disparate local house price and income trends can be driven by aggregate demand, not just changes in local factors such as productivity or amenities. (JEL R11, R23, R31, R52)

PROGNOSIS IN NEWBORN INFANTS WITH X-CHROMOSOMAL ABNORMALITIES

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 681-688
Author(s):  
Eleanor Eller ◽  
William Frankenburg ◽  
Mary Puck ◽  
Arthur Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Home Environment ◽  
Chromosomal Abnormalities ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Evaluation Process ◽  
Chromosome Analysis ◽  
Pedigree Analysis ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
The Past ◽  
Normal Limits ◽  
Growth Abnormalities

Sex-chromosomal aberrations occur with a relatively high frequency and have been associated with mental retardation, perceptual problems, psychopathology, and growth abnormalities. Identification of this possibly high risk group at birth enables the study of their growth and development to determine if and when they deviate from normal. Routine screening of the chromatin constitution of 21,214 consecutive newborn infants has identified 32 babies with gross X chromosome abnormalities. Three died in the newborn period. During the past 5 years, 27 children have been followed from birth. The evaluation process consists of semiannual and annual physical and developmental examinations, psychological testing, growth measurements, pedigree analysis, dermatoglyphic analysis, home environment evaluation, and, in mosaics, repeated chromosome analysis. The patients with 45,X karyotypes have classical physical signs. The other patients have normal phenotypes, although several have minor physical manifestations such as clinodactyly and epicanthic folds. Overall development in all except two patients has been within normal limits. In mosaics, there is a tendency for the abnormal cell line to disappear.

SURVIVAL OF A ONE-POUND FEMALE INFANT BORN IN 1847

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-253
Author(s):  
T. E. C.
Keyword(s):  
Premature Infants ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Female Infant ◽  
Second Child ◽  
The Past ◽  
First Child ◽  
Accepted Practice

After a thorough literature search of the survival rates of premature infants, I believe the infant described below was the smallest to survive until this century.1 I am mindful that the reported birth weights in the past may have been inaccurate because the weighing of newborn infants was not an accepted practice prior to this century. 2 Mrs. A. (aged 30) weaned her first child on the 17th of November 1846, a fortnight after which (1st December) she menstruated naturally. Two days after the catamenia disappeared (7th December), she conceived, having the same sensations post coitu which she felt at her previous conception. At four months she quickened. She was delivered (by a midwife) of her second child, a female, on the 14th of May 1847-on the hundred and fifty-eighth day of gestation. The child had only rudimentary nails, and almost no hair, except a little, of slightly reddish colour, at the lower part of the back of the head. It weighed one pound, and measured eleven inches. It was merely wrapped up at first, laid in a box about a foot long, used by the father (who is a slater) for carrying nails, and set on the kitchen fender, before the fire, to keep it warm. It came on very well, and was subsequently treated very much the same as other children, except perhaps, that it was a little more looked after than usual, being considered a curiosity. She is still of small make but is quite healthy, and takes her food well.

Group B Streptococcal Infections in Neonates

1979 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-15
Author(s):  
Carol J. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Neonatal Infection ◽  
Etiologic Agent ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Bacterial Disease ◽  
Absolute Increase ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
The Past ◽  
Group B

β-Hemolytic streptococci of Lancefield group B have been causally linked to neonatal disease since 1938, but only in the last decade has the group B Streptococcus become the leading etiologic agent for bacteremia and/or meningitis occurring during the first two months of life. Neither the reasons for the emergence of this organism nor the shifts over the past 40 years in the prevalence of various bacteria responsible for neonatal infection has been adequately explained. However, the importance of the group B Streptococcus as a frequent cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity demands a thorough understanding of the epidemiology and pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnostic methods, and management of these infections by physicians caring for newborn infants. INCIDENCE The common occurrence of neonatal group B streptococcal septicemia and meningitis in several geographically distant centers since 1970 has allowed the relatively precise determination of attack rates for early onset type (≤5 days) infection. Reported attack rates have been surprisingly uniform, varying from 1.3/1,000 to 4.0/1,000 live births (Table 1). Because the attack rates for serious neonatal infections associated with Escherichia coli and other maternally acquired coliform organisms have been constant since 1960, the appearance of the group B Streptococcus resulted in an absolute increase in the incidence of neonatal bacterial disease during the past decade in many hospitals in this country.

A Humanistic Approach to Outreach: Amnesty for Illegal Immigrants

1991 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-16
Author(s):  
David Rymph ◽  
Linda Little
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
El Salvador ◽  
Political Violence ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
The United States ◽  
Illegal Immigrants ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Past ◽  
Humanistic Approach ◽  
The U.S

Washington, D.C., like many major cities in the U.S., has experienced a large influx of illegal immigrants in the past decade. Hundreds of thousands of Hispanics have entered the United States, many of them fleeing from the political violence in Guatemala and El Salvador. The Washington metropolitan area may have as many as 80,000 refugees from El Salvador alone.

20 Years of Follow-up Alloimmunization and Hemolytic Disease in Newborn: Has Anything Changed in the Field Over the Years?

2020 ◽  
Vol 232 (06) ◽  
pp. 314-320
Author(s):  
Marjana Jerkovic Raguz ◽  
Zeljka Prce ◽  
Vedran Bjelanovic ◽  
Ivana Bjelanovic ◽  
Sanja Dzida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Significant Progress ◽  
Hemolytic Disease ◽  
The West ◽  
The Past ◽  
Precautionary Measures ◽  
In Pregnancy

Abstract Objective of the study is to research the epidemiological aspects of maternal alloimmunization against erythrocyte antigens of fetuses (AB0, Rhesus, Lewis, Kell, Duffy and others) and to identify the most common types of hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) in the West Herzegovina region. Study Design The 20-year retrospective epidemiological study includes all pregnant women who had been immunologically tested and newborn treated for HDN. Results The indirect antiglobulin (IAT) detected antibodies against antigens in 545 (1.8%) pregnant women of the 29 663 who were tested at the Department of Transfusion Medicine. During the 20-year-long study 310 (1.0%) newborn with HDN were treated. Our results indicate that 42% (230/545) of the pregnant women had AB0 immunization. The most common form of HDN is AB0 HDN 64% (199/310), whereas RhD HDN was treated in 19% (59/310) of the newborn infants. ETR was performed on 29 (19%) infants, 21 (72.4%) with AB0 HDN, and 7 (26%) with RhD HDN. Conclusion This 20-year-long study concludes that, even though there has been significant progress in the prevention of immunization and proactive treatment of HDN, precautionary measures are still required as is the need for gynecologists and obstetricians to be active. The reasons for this are the non-existence of preventive measures for non-RhD immunization, the irregular immunological screening of RhD positive women in pregnancy in the region encompassed by the study in the past few years. The above raises new questions and recommends further research and monitoring of immunization and HDN treatment worldwide.

ALTERAÇÕES ANTROPOGÊNICAS NO CONTEXTO DA COBERTURA VEGETAL DA REGIÃO METROPOLITANA DA GRANDE SÃO LUÍS (RMGSL) – MA

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-32
Author(s):  
Allana Pereira Costa ◽  
Luiz Jorge Bezerra da Silva Dias ◽  
Jessica Suyane Sousa ◽  
Gabriel Macedo Monteiro
Keyword(s):  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Human Control ◽  
The Past ◽  
San Luis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Urbanization Rate

A Região Metropolitana da Grande São Luís (RMGSL) apresenta diversas formações vegetais oriundas principalmente da área de contato entre os Biomas Amazônico e Cerrado. Essa dinâmica permite a compreensão das formações fitogeográficas a partir dos eventos ocorridos no final do Terciário e Quaternário, que apesar do desafio de relacionar o tempo passado e o tempo atual, demonstra a extrema importância do entendimento relacionado aos conhecimentos acerca da história dessas feições, uma vez que as alterações na estrutura da vegetação e nos demais elementos da natureza são dependentes das condições climatológicas inconstantes nesses períodos, mas, também, essenciais para a interpretação das variadas paisagens naturais presentes na área. No entanto, a biodiversidade desses sistemas ecológicos continua sofrendo significativas alterações. A transformação do espaço e a taxa de urbanização que chega a 63,37% na RMGSL são os principais contribuintes para a supressão da cobertura vegetal, somados aos diversos usos do solo e controle humano. Nessa perspectiva, o presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar a disposição espacial da fitofisionomia da RMGSL e o uso diversificado do solo, por meio do auxílio de imagens de satélites e Informações Espaciais Oficiais.Palavras-chave: Fitogeografia; Região Metropolitana da Grande São Luís; Maranhão.  ABSTRACTThe Metropolitan Region of Greater São Luís (RMGSL) offers several vegetable formations from mainly the area of contact between the Amazon and Cerrado Biomes. This process allows the understanding of vegetationals formations from the events that occurred at the end of the tertiary and Quaternary, that despite the challenge of linking the past and the present time, demonstrates the extreme importance of understanding related the knowledge about the history of these features, since the changes in the structure of vegetation and other elements of nature are dependent on the fickle weather conditions in these periods, but also essential for interpretation of the various physiographic landscapes present in the area. However, the biodiversity of these ecosystems has suffered major changes. The transformation of space and the urbanization rate up to 63.37% in RMGSL are the main contributors to the removal of the vegetation cover, added to various uses of the soil and human control. From this perspective, the present study has as its main objective to analyze the spatial arrangement of the great metropolitan region showed characteristics of St. Louis and the diversified use of the soil, through the aid of satellite imagery and Spatial Information Officers.Keywords: Phytogeography. The Metropolitan Area of Greater São Luís. Maranhão. RESUMENLa región metropolitana de San Luis (RMGSL) presenta varias formaciones vegetales originadas principalmente en el área de contacto entre los biomas amazónicos y Cerrado. Esta dinámica permite la comprensión de las formaciones fitogeográficas a partir de los acontecimientos que se producen al final del terciario y cuaternario, que a pesar del desafío de relacionar el tiempo pasado y el tiempo actual, demuestra la extrema importancia de la comprensión relacionada Conocimiento sobre la historia de estas características, ya que los cambios en la estructura de la vegetación y otros elementos de la naturaleza dependen de las condiciones climáticas constantes en estos períodos, pero también esenciales para la interpretación De los diversos paisajes naturales presentes en la zona. Sin embargo, la biodiversidad de estos sistemas ecológicos sigue sufriendo cambios significativos. La transformación del espacio y la tasa de urbanización que alcanza el 63,37% en el RMGSL son los principales contribuyentes a la supresión de la vegetación, sumada a los diversos usos del suelo y el control humano. Sin embargo, el presente estudio tiene como objetivo analizar la disposición espacial de la fitofisionomía de RMGSL y el uso diversificado del suelo, a través de la asistencia de imágenes satelitales e información espacial oficial.Palabras clave: Fitogeografía; Región Metropolitana del Gran San Luis; Maranhão.

Should we put catheters in the umbilical artery?

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 853-854
Author(s):  
William H. Tooley ◽  
David Z. Myerberg
Keyword(s):  
Umbilical Artery ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
The Body ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
The Past ◽  
Vasoactive Substances ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Convenient Means ◽  
Catheter Complications ◽  
Septic Osteoarthritis

A catheter inserted in the umbilical artery with its tip in the aorta provides a convenient means for obtaining arterial blood samples, measuring pressure, and infusing fluids and drugs. Although these catheters often seem necessary to guide the treatment of newborn infants who have cardiopulmonary disease, they are dangerous. They are associated with thrombi, emboli, and infection. Their presence provokes vascular constriction and invites the infusion of vasoactive substances. Some catheter complications can be catastrophic. Recent reports include cases of hypertension,1 paraplegia,2 and septic osteoarthritis.3 In the past two years we have seen gangrene of a foot, a leg, and the lower half of the body.

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