Aerobic Capacity, Obesity, and Atherosclerotic Risk Factors in Male Adolescents

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. 813-818
Author(s):  
Raymond R. Fripp ◽  
James L. Hodgson ◽  
Peter O. Kwiterovich ◽  
John C. Werner ◽  
H. Gregg Schuler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Plasma Triglyceride ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Atherosclerotic Risk Factors

Correlations between aerobic capacity, obesity, and atherosclerotic risk factors were evaluated in adolescents with low-to-moderate levels of physical fitness. Subjects with higher levels of fitness had a more favorable risk profile with decreased body mass index, lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure and plasma triglyceride levels, and higher plasma high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels. Simple linear regression analysis revealed an association between body mass index and blood pressure, plasma triglyceride and plasma highdensity lipoprotein-cholesterol. The level of aerobic fitness as determined by exercise duration was also associated with the same atherosclerotic risk factors. However, multiple linear regression analysis demonstrated that body mass index provided the largest explanation, by those variables examined, of the interindividual variance in blood pressure, plasma triglyceride, and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol. Aerobic fitness contributed only minimally to the variation in these risk factors. These findings suggest that if aerobic conditioning is used to modify atherosclerotic risk factors, it should be accompanied by a reduction in weight in adolescents with low-to-moderate levels of physical fitness.

scholarly journals Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Associations between Body Mass Index and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Adolescents in a Country of the African Region

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanica Lyngdoh ◽  
Bharathi Viswanathan ◽  
Edwin van Wijngaarden ◽  
Gary J. Myers ◽  
Pascal Bovet
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional

We assessed the association between several cardiometabolic risk factors (CRFs) (blood pressure, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, uric acid, and glucose) in 390 young adults aged 19-20 years in Seychelles (Indian Ocean, Africa) and body mass index (BMI) measured either at the same time (cross-sectional analysis) or at the age of 12–15 years (longitudinal analysis). BMI tracked markedly between age of 12–15 and age of 19-20. BMI was strongly associated with all considered CRFs in both cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses, with some exceptions. Comparing overweight participants with those having a BMI below the age-specific median, the odds ratios for high blood pressure were 5.4/4.7 (male/female) cross-sectionally and 2.5/3.9 longitudinally (P<0.05). Significant associations were also found for most other CRFs, with some exceptions. In linear regression analysis including both BMI at age of 12–15 and BMI at age of 19-20, only BMI at age of 19-20 remained significantly associated with most CRFs. We conclude that CRFs are predicted strongly by either current or past BMI levels in adolescents and young adults in this population. The observation that only current BMI remained associated with CRFs when including past and current levels together suggests that weight control at a later age may be effective in reducing CRFs in overweight children irrespective of past weight status.

scholarly journals Association between eating habits, body mass index, cardiorespiratory fitness, and cardiometabolic risk factors in children

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Angelo dos Santos DUARTE JUNIOR ◽  
Adroaldo Cezar Araujo GAYA ◽  
Vanilson Batista LEMES ◽  
Camila Felin FOCHESATTO ◽  
Caroline BRAND ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors

ABSTRACT Objective To verify the multivariate relationships between eating habits, cardiorespiratory fitness, body mass index, and cardiometabolic risk factors in children. Methods This is a cross-sectional study developed in a public elementary school with 60 first- to sixth-graders. Their eating habits were assessed using the Food Frequency Survey, weight, height, and cardiorespiratory fitness, assessed according to the Projeto Esporte Brasil protocol. Moreover, the variables, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, glucose, insulin, C-reactive protein, adiponectin, leptin, diastolic and systolic blood pressure were evaluated. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis and generalized estimation equations were used for the analysis of direct and indirect relations, in a multivariate analysis model with several simultaneous outcomes. Results It appears that the eating habits and cardiorespiratory fitness explain 20% of the body mass index. Cardiometabolic risk factors are explained by the relationship between eating habits, cardiorespiratory fitness, and body mass index, according to the following percentages: 29% (systolic blood pressure), 18% (diastolic blood pressure), 63% (leptin), 4% (adiponectin), 14% (C-reactive protein), 17% (insulin), 10% (high-density lipoprotein), 1% (low-density lipoprotein), 4% (glucose). It is also observed that the effects of the eating habits on cardiometabolic risk factors are indirect, that is, they are dependent on changes in the body mass index and cardiorespiratory fitness levels. Conclusions The relationship between eating habits and cardiometabolic risk factors in children is dependent on cardiorespiratory fitness and body mass index. Thus, our findings suggest a multivariate relationship between these factors.

scholarly journals Predictors of Hypertension among Nonpregnant Females Attending Health Promotion Clinic with Special Emphasis on Smokeless Tobacco: A Cross-Sectional Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devika Bhatt ◽  
Shashi Sharma ◽  
Ruchika Gupta ◽  
Dhirendra N. Sinha ◽  
Ravi Mehrotra
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Health Promotion ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
High Body Mass Index ◽  
Cross Sectional

Aim. To determine the predictors of hypertension among nonpregnant females attending a health promotion clinic. Design and Setting. A cross-sectional study was conducted during March to June 2016, at the National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, India. Methods. The study included 319 nonpregnant females of age 20–70 years. Demographics such as age, literacy, and income were noted. History regarding use, frequency, and quantity of smokeless tobacco was taken. Height, weight, and blood pressure were measured and body mass index was calculated. Statistical Analysis. Pearson’s product-moment correlation coefficient was calculated between each of the variables of age, smokeless tobacco consumption, and body mass index versus systolic and diastolic blood pressure, respectively. The linear as well as multiple linear regression analysis was employed to identify the risk factors for hypertension. Results. A univariate linear regression analysis showed that age, smokeless tobacco consumption, and body mass index were associated with systolic blood pressure (P value < 0.001 for each). For diastolic blood pressure, high body mass index was a predictor. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that both systolic and diastolic hypertension were associated with high body mass index and low level of education. Moreover, the systolic hypertension was associated with higher age and smokeless tobacco use. Conclusion. Health promotion requires control of body mass index and smokeless tobacco cessation for preventing hypertension and its complications.

scholarly journals The Correlation of Atherosclerosis and Triglyceride Glucose Index: A Secondary Analysis of a National Cross-Sectional Study of Japanese

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
xingping yang ◽  
Zhao Gao ◽  
Xuming Huang ◽  
Mingxing Zhang ◽  
Yihua Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Tyg Index ◽  
Triglyceride Glucose Index ◽  
Japanese Adults ◽  
Subgroup Analyses

Abstract Background: The triglyceride/glucose index (TyG index) has been suggested as a simple and reliable surrogate insulin resistance (IR) marker for years. However, the association between the TyG index and arterial stiffness in adults is controversial. Therefore, we evaluated this relationship, as measured based on the brachial ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), in Japanese adults.Methods: This study selected a total of 912 participants from the NAGALA (NAfld in Gifu Area, Longitudinal Analysis) study conducted from 2004 to 2012.The relationship between TyG index and baPWV was estimated through a logistics model. Subgroup analyses by gender, age, body mass index (BMI), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and fatty liver were performed. The formula for TyG index was ln [½fasting triglyceride level (mg/dL) × fasting plasma glucose level (mg/dL)].Results: After adjusting for underlying confounders, a linear relationship between TyG and baPWV was discovered. After adjusting for gender, age, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, fatty liver, and eGFR, TyG, as a continuous variable, was related to an increased risk of baPWV (adjusted odds ratio [adj OR], 1.57; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.14–2.18). Compared with the the TyG index in the first tertile, the probabilities of subjects in the third tertile that developed to baPWV were 1.78-fold higher (adj OR 1.78, 95% CI 1.08–2.95; P for trend 0.024). Stable associations were also observed between the TyG index and baPWV in different variables through subgroup analyses.Conclusions: The TyG index was positively and linearly related to subclinical atherosclerosis in Japanese adults and may be valuable as a predicted marker.

scholarly journals The N363S Polymorphism of the Glucocorticoid Receptor: Potential Contribution to Central Obesity in Men and Lack of Association with Other Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease and Diabetes Mellitus1

2001 ◽  
Vol 86 (5) ◽  
pp. 2270-2274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark G. Dobson ◽  
Christopher P. F. Redfern ◽  
Nigel Unwin ◽  
Jolanta U. Weaver
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Glucocorticoid Receptor ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Central Obesity ◽  
Density Lipoprotein

Considerable evidence suggests that diabetes mellitus and hypertension are influenced by genetic factors. Studies in humans have associated glucocorticoid receptor (GR) polymorphisms with high blood pressure, insulin sensitivity, body mass index, increased visceral fat, and variations in tissue-specific steroid sensitivity. The N363S polymorphism of the GR results in an asparagine to serine amino acid substitution in a modulatory region of the receptor. Phosphorylation of serine residues in this region has been shown to enhance transactivation of GR responsive genes. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between the 363S allele and risk factors for coronary heart disease and diabetes mellitus in a population of European origin living in the northeast of the United Kingdom. Blood samples from 135 males and 240 females were characterized for 363 allele status. The overall frequency of the 363S allele was 3.0%, 23 heterozygotes (7 males and 16 females) but no 363S homozygotes were identified. The data show a significant association of the 363S allele with increased waist to hip ratio in males but not females. This allele was not associated with blood pressure, body mass index, serum cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, and glucose tolerance status. The results of this study suggest that this GR polymorphism may contribute to central obesity in men. Further studies are required to elucidate the properties of GR363S at a molecular level.

scholarly journals Adding Unprocessed Lean Red Meat to A Healthy Vegetarian Eating Pattern Does Not Impact Short-Term Improvements in Cardiometabolic Health in Young Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 575-575
Author(s):  
Yu Wang ◽  
Wayne Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Serum Lipids ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Red Meat ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Eating Pattern ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objectives The 2015–2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommends adopting healthy eating patterns and restricting red meat intake, whereas the impact of consuming red meat on cardiometabolic (CMD) risk factors remains inconsistent in the scientific literature. This study assessed the effects of adding unprocessed lean red meat to a lacto-ovo vegetarian eating pattern (LOV) on changes in cardiometabolic health indexes. It was hypothesized that the addition of red meat would not influence LOV-induced improvements in CMD risk factors. Methods Twenty-nine participants (15 female and 14 male, aged 26 ± 0.8 y, BMI 23.7 ± 0.4 kg/m2) completed this randomized-controlled, crossover trial. All participants consumed the same energy-balanced, LOV diet for two 3-week periods, separated by 5 weeks of habitual eating. Three ounces/day of unprocessed lean red meat (1.5 oz beef tenderloin and 1.5 oz pork loin) were added to the LOV diet without energy compensation for one of the two trials. Fasting blood pressure, serum lipids, lipoproteins, and glucose were measured before and at the end of each trial. Results were adjusted for age, sex, and body mass at each time point (LS Means ± SE, significance at adjusted P &lt; 0.05). Results Adding unprocessed lean red meat (RM) to the LOV diet did not influence responses of the cardiometabolic health indexes after 3 weeks. Overall, significant (P &lt; 0.05) reductions were observed for total cholesterol (without vs. with RM; −14.3 ± 3.6 vs. −14.8 ± 3.5 mg/dl), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C, −8.6 ± 2.9 vs. −7.5 ± 2.9 mg/dl), and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C, – 5.3 ± 1.5 vs. −4.8 ± 1.5 mg/dl). No changes were observed in fasting body mass, triglycerides, HDL-C/LDL-C ratio, glucose, or systematic/diastolic blood pressure levels. Conclusions Adopting a healthy lacto-ovo vegetarian eating pattern improves serum lipids and lipoproteins within three weeks. These improvements are retained when the eating pattern becomes omnivorous by adding unprocessed lean red meat. Funding Sources Pork Checkoff, North Dakota Beef Commission, Beef Checkoff, and Foundation for Meat & Poultry Research & Education.

scholarly journals Effect of Berberine on Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors: A Mechanistic Randomized Controlled Trial

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2550
Author(s):  
Jie V. Zhao ◽  
Wai-Fung Yeung ◽  
Yap-Hang Chan ◽  
Dana Vackova ◽  
June Y. Y. Leung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Thromboxane A2 ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major contributor to the global burden of disease. Berberine, a long-standing, widely used, traditional Chinese medicine, is thought to have beneficial effects on CVD risk factors and in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. The mechanisms and effects, specifically in men, possibly via testosterone, have not been examined previously. To assess the effect of berberine on CVD risk factors and any potential pathway via testosterone in men, we conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel trial in Hong Kong. In total, 84 eligible Chinese men with hyperlipidemia were randomized to berberine (500 mg orally, twice a day) or placebo for 12 weeks. CVD risk factors (lipids, thromboxane A2, blood pressure, body mass index and waist–hip ratio) and testosterone were assessed at baseline, and 8 and 12 weeks after intervention. We compared changes in CVD risk factors and testosterone after 12 weeks of intervention using analysis of variance, and after 8 and 12 weeks using generalized estimating equations (GEE). Of the 84 men randomized, 80 men completed the trial. Men randomized to berberine had larger reductions in total cholesterol (−0.39 mmol/L, 95% confidence interval (CI) −0.70 to −0.08) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (−0.07 mmol/L, 95% CI −0.13 to −0.01) after 12 weeks. Considering changes after 8 and 12 weeks together, berberine lowered total cholesterol and possibly low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-c), and possibly increased testosterone. Changes in triglycerides, thromboxane A2, blood pressure, body mass index and waist–hip ratio after the intervention did not differ between the berberine and placebo groups. No serious adverse event was reported. Berberine is a promising treatment for lowering cholesterol. Berberine did not lower testosterone but instead may increase testosterone in men, suggesting sex-specific effects of berberine. Exploring other pathways and assessing sex differences would be worthwhile, with relevance to drug repositioning and healthcare.

scholarly journals Inverted U-shaped relationship between body mass index and multivessel lesions in Chinese patients with myocardial infarction: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
pp. 030006052093282
Author(s):  
Dandan Sun ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
Hongmin Zhang ◽  
Yafen Li ◽  
Qingyun Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Multivessel Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Artery Disease

Objective To investigate the association of body mass index (BMI) with multivessel coronary artery disease in patients with myocardial infarction. Methods This study was performed in 1566 patients with myocardial infarction in the Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, China. Independent and dependent variables were BMI measured at baseline and multivessel coronary artery disease, respectively. The covariates examined in this study were age, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, creatinine, uric acid, bilirubin, cholesterol, triacylglycerol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, left ventricular ejection fraction, sex, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, stroke, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and smoking. Results A nonlinear relationship was detected between BMI and multivessel coronary artery disease, and this was an inverted U-shaped curve and the cutoff point was 26.3 kg/m2. The effect sizes and confidence intervals on the left and right sides of the inflection point were 1.10 (1.01–1.20) and 0.85 (0.74–0.97), respectively. Conclusions There is an obesity paradox for BMI > 26.3 kg/m2. Future studies should examine the relationship between BMI and prognosis in patients with myocardial infarction, which may be important for improving the prognosis through control of BMI.

scholarly journals Genetically Predicted Insomnia in Relation to 14 Cardiovascular Conditions and 17 Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: A Mendelian Randomization Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinhui Liu ◽  
Chuanbao Li ◽  
Xiaoru Sun ◽  
Yuanyuan Yu ◽  
Shucheng Si ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
High Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Mendelian Randomization ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
High Density ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol

Background This Mendelian randomization study aims to investigate causal associations between genetically predicted insomnia and 14 cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) as well as the potential mediator role of 17 cardiometabolic risk factors. Methods and Results Using genetic association estimates from large genome‐wide association studies and UK Biobank, we performed a 2‐sample Mendelian randomization analysis to estimate the associations of insomnia with 14 CVD conditions in the primary analysis. Then mediation analysis was conducted to explore the potential mediator role of 17 cardiometabolic risk factors using a network Mendelian randomization design. After correcting for multiple testing, genetically predicted insomnia was consistent significantly positively associated with 9 of 14 CVDs, those odds ratios ranged from 1.13 (95% CI, 1.08–1.18) for atrial fibrillation to 1.24 (95% CI, 1.16–1.32) for heart failure. Moreover, genetically predicted insomnia was consistently associated with higher body mass index, triglycerides, and lower high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, each of which may act as a mediator in the causal pathway from insomnia to several CVD outcomes. Additionally, we found very little evidence to support a causal link between insomnia with abdominal aortic aneurysm, thoracic aortic aneurysm, total cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, glycemic traits, renal function, and heart rate increase during exercise. Finally, we found no evidence of causal associations of genetically predicted body mass index, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, or triglycerides on insomnia. Conclusions This study provides evidence that insomnia is associated with 9 of 14 CVD outcomes, some of which may be partially mediated by 1 or more of higher body mass index, triglycerides, and lower high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol.

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