A Comparison of Diagnostic Methods in Adolescent Girls With and Without Symptoms of Chlamydia Urogenital Infection

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 476-480
Author(s):  
Frank M. Biro ◽  
Shirley F. Reising ◽  
Jeff A. Doughman ◽  
Linda M. Kollar ◽  
Susan L. Rosenthal
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Clinical Performance ◽  
Dna Probe ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection ◽  
Urogenital Infection ◽  
Urogenital Infections ◽  
Adolescent Clinic ◽  
Asymptomatic Subjects

Objective. To evaluate the clinical utility of various diagnostic tests, two enzyme immunoassays and a chemiluminescent DNA probe were compared with cell culture (with monoclonal antibody confirmation) for the diagnosis of endocervical Chlamydia trachomatis infection. Design. The clinical performance of four diagnostic methods for Chlamydia trachomatis urogenital infections were compared, using specimens generated from consecutive pelvic examinations. Setting. Subjects were recruited from an urban adolescent clinic that provides primary and referral care. Participants. A total of 479 adolescent female subjects were enrolled. The order of sample collection was randomized. Subjects were stratified according to whether they were asymptomatic (n = 228) or symptomatic (n = 251). Measurements and results. Discrepant analysis was performed when culture was negative and nonculture technique was positive. The subject was considered to have chlamydia if culture was positive, or if one or more nonculture techniques, with that test's confirmatory assay, were positive (consensus-positive). Prevalence of chlamydia was 11.0% in the asymptomatic, and 20.7% in the symptomatic, group. Overall, 32.5% of the infected subjects were asymptomatic. Sensitivity of diagnostic methods varied from 52% to 80% in the asymptomatic subjects, compared with 65% to 81% in symptomatic subjects. Culture sensitivity was 75% to 80%. The specificities of all tests were 96% or greater. Accuracy of nonculture methods varied from 89.5% (DNA probe, symptomatic subjects) to 96.9% (enzyme immunoassay asymptomatic subjects). Conclusions. There are significant differences in symptomatic subjects when evaluating accuracy of test outcome, using a consensus-positive criterion. Asymptomatic infections account for nearly one third of adolescent females infected with chlamydia. The prevalence of chlamydia urogenital infections are underestimated by any single diagnostic test, particularly in the asymptomatic patient.

THE ROLE OF UROGENITAL INFECTIONS IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF MALE INFERTILITY

Vestnik ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 161-165
Author(s):  
Ж. Инкарбек ◽  
Ж. Турсынбеков ◽  
Е. Чакен ◽  
А.Х. Касымов ◽  
С.Б. Шалекенов
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Male Infertility ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Urogenital Tract ◽  
World Health ◽  
Urogenital Infection ◽  
Urogenital Infections ◽  
The World ◽  
Tract Infections

Вопрос бесплодия на сегодняшний день остается актуальным как в Казахстане, так и во всем мире. На основании данных Всемирной Организации Здравоохранения, ежегодно число бесплодных пар составляет 4-5% от всеобщей популяции. Причин бесплодия - множество. Но одним из острых и первоочередных причин данной патологии является мужское бесплодие, частота возникновения которого составляет 48,8% от общего количества случаев. [1] По данным мировых исследований, в процентном соотношении причины мужского бесплодия составляют: бесплодие неясного генеза - 31,2%, варикоцеле - 14,7%, эндокринные нарушения - 8,45%, инфекции урогенитального тракта - 8,3%, иммунологические факторы - 4,8%, опухоли яичек - 1,17%. [2] The issue of infertility today remains relevant both in Kazakhstan and around the world. The World Health Organization accounts for 4-5% of the general population annually. There are many reasons for infertility. One of the acute and primary causes of this pathology is male infertility, the incidence of which is 48.8% of the total number of cases. According to world studies, the percentage of the causes of male infertility are: infertility of unknown origin - 31.2%, varicocele - 14.7%, endocrine disorders - 8.45%, infections of the urogenital tract - 8.3%, immunological factors - 4 , 8%, testicular tumors - 1.17%. Goal. Establishing the role of individual infections and their association of the urogenital tract in the development of male infertility. Materials and methods. The study was carried out on the basis of the GKP on the REM "City polyclinic No. 26" in Almaty. A retrospective analysis of individual cards of 538 men from 21 to 45 years old who consulted urologists with complaints of urination, pain and discomfort in the anogenital region and above the bosom from January to December 2020 was carried out. The patients were divided into two groups: the first group - 258 men suffering from infertility, and who have other causes of infertility, the second - 280 men with normal fertility. Diagnostic methods were selected: bacterial culture of urine and scraping from the urethra, PCR of urogenital infections. Result: The total dissemination of the urethra in patients of the first group is 3 times higher than in men of the second group. However, we were interested not only in the general dissemination and types of pathogens, as according to the literature [1,2] the most aggressive chlamydia trachomatis and ureoplasm. In our frequency of occurrence of chlamydial infection in both groups was 153 (59.3%) and 23 (8%); mycoplasma - 148 (57.3%) and 45 (16%); ureaplasma - 137 (53.1%) and 63 (22.5%); Candida - 98 (37.9%) and 35 (12.5%); Trichomonas - 87 (33.7%) and 48 (17.1%); gardnerella - 94 (36.4%) and 56 (20%) people, respectively. Conclusions. Urogenital tract infections are the main reason people see a doctor. Infections are one of the factors in the development of infertility in men. For infection of the urogenital tract, PCR is the most sensitive and accurate compared to urine culture and urethral scrapings. The total dissemination of urogenital infection in the group of men with infertility is 46.3%, in comparison with the group of men with a normal norm in whom the percentage of STIs is 16%, indicates a direct effect of urogenital infection on the development of the male population. Along with the revealed, as the main factor of influence of the reproductive system, chlamydia trachomatis 59.3%, mycoplasma 57.3%, ureoplasm 53.1%, which moved to the second and third place in the development of infertility in the studied men. This factor and methods of treatment will be studied in studies.

Prevalence of Urogenital Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection in El Salvador. II. Gynaecology Outpatients

1992 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 434-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Berta Cañas Posada ◽  
Jon Jonasson ◽  
Leonor de Linares ◽  
Solgun Bygdeman
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
El Salvador ◽  
Direct Immunofluorescence ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Gray Zone ◽  
Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection ◽  
San Salvador ◽  
Urogenital Infection ◽  
Healthy Women ◽  
Chlamydial Antigen

The prevalence of urogenital infection caused by Chlamydia trachomatis was examined in 100 non-pregnant women with cervicitis, and 100 healthy women, in San Salvador City, El Salvador. Pharmacia Chlamydia EIA test was used for the detection of chlamydial antigen in urethral and cervical specimens from all the women. Direct immunofluorescence was used for confirmative tests on the EIA positive and the negative gray zone samples. C. trachomatis antigen was detected in 28% of the women with cervicitis compared with 5% in the group of healthy women ( P < 0.001). The cervicitis group were also screened for Neisseria gonorrhoeae which was isolated from 12% of them. One strain out of 12 was beta-lactamase producing (PPNG). Five per cent of the women with cervicitis had simultaneous C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae infections.

scholarly journals Results from a large cross-sectional study assessing Chlamydia trachomatis, Ureaplasma spp. and Mycoplasma hominis urogenital infections in patients with primary infertility

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Andrea Paira ◽  
Guillermo Molina ◽  
Andrea Daniela Tissera ◽  
Carolina Olivera ◽  
Rosa Isabel Molina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Mycoplasma Hominis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Urogenital Infection ◽  
Primary Infertility ◽  
Urogenital Infections ◽  
Male Patients

AbstractFemale and male infertility have been associated to Chlamydia trachomatis, Ureaplasma spp. and Mycoplasma hominis urogenital infections. However, evidence from large studies assessing their prevalence and putative associations in patients with infertility is still scarce. The study design was a cross-sectional study including 5464 patients with a recent diagnosis of couple’s primary infertility and 404 healthy control individuals from Cordoba, Argentina. Overall, the prevalence of C. trachomatis, Ureaplasma spp. and M. hominis urogenital infection was significantly higher in patients than in control individuals (5.3%, 22.8% and 7.4% vs. 2.0%, 17.8% and 1.7%, respectively). C. trachomatis and M. hominis infections were significantly more prevalent in male patients whereas Ureaplasma spp. and M. hominis infections were more prevalent in female patients. Of clinical importance, C. trachomatis and Ureaplasma spp. infections were significantly higher in patients younger than 25 years. Moreover, Ureaplasma spp. and M. hominis infections were associated to each other in either female or male patients being reciprocal risk factors of their co-infection. Our data revealed that C. trachomatis, Ureaplasma spp. and M. hominis are prevalent uropathogens in patients with couple’s primary infertility. These results highlight the importance of including the screening of urogenital infections in the diagnostic workup of infertility.

scholarly journals Opportunistic testing for urogenital infection with Chlamydia trachomatis in south-western Switzerland, 2012: a feasibility study

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
F Bally ◽  
A Quach ◽  
G Greub ◽  
K Jaton ◽  
C Petignat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Opportunistic Screening ◽  
Sexually Active ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Rural Regions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Urogenital Infection ◽  
Urogenital Infections ◽  
Vaginal Swabs

The feasibility of opportunistic screening of urogenital infections with Chlamydia trachomatis was assessed in a cross-sectional study in 2012, in two cantons of south-western Switzerland: Vaud and Valais. Sexually active persons younger than?30 years, not tested for C. trachomatis in the last three months, were invited for free C. trachomatis testing by PCR in urine or self-applied vaginal swabs. Of 2,461 consenting participants, 1,899 (77%) were women and all but six (0.3%) submitted a sample. Forty-seven per cent of female and 25% of male participants were?younger than?20 years. Overall, 134 (5.5%) of 2,455 tested participants had a positive result and were followed up. Seven per cent of all candidates for screening were not invited, 10% of invited candidates were not eligible, 15% of the eligible candidates declined participation, 5% of tested participants testing positive were not treated, 29% of those treated were not retested after six months and 9% of those retested were positive for C. trachomatis. Opportunistic C. trachomatis testing proved technically feasible and acceptable, at least if free of charge. Men and peripheral rural regions were more difficult to reach. Efforts to increase testing and decrease dropout at all stages of the screening procedure are necessary.

scholarly journals Chlamydia trachomatis, Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis urogenital infections in patients with infertility. Results from a large cross-sectional study.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Andrea Paira ◽  
Guillermo Molina ◽  
Andrea Daniela Tissera ◽  
Carolina Olivera ◽  
Rosa Isabel Molina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Ureaplasma Urealyticum ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Mycoplasma Hominis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Urogenital Infection ◽  
Urogenital Infections

Abstract Female and male infertility have been associated to Chlamydia trachomatis, Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis urogenital infections. However, evidence from large studies assessing their prevalence and putative associations in patients with infertility is still needed. The study design was a cross-sectional study including 1554 female and 3610 male patients with infertility in Cordoba, Argentina. In women, the prevalence of C. trachomatis, U. urealyticum and M. hominis urogenital infection was 4.3%, 31.1% and 12.1% whereas in men it was 5.8%, 19.2% and 5.3%, respectively. C. trachomatis infection was significantly more prevalent in men whereas U. urealyticum and M. hominis infections were more prevalent in women. Besides, C. trachomatis and U. urealyticum infections were significantly higher patients younger than 25 years. Moreover, U. urealyticum and M. hominis infections were associated to each other in either infertile women or men. Our data revealed that C. trachomatis, U. urealyticum and M. hominis are prevalent uropathogens in infertile patients. Of clinical importance, C. trachomatis and U. urealyticum infections were more prevalent in young patients whereas U. urealyticum and M. hominis are reciprocal risk factors of their co-infection. These results highlight the importance of including the screening of urogenital infections in the diagnostic workup of infertility.

Comparison of laboratory diagnostic methods for urogenital infections caused by Chlamydia trachomatis

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 77-82
Author(s):  
K. V. Shalepo ◽  
E. V. Shipitsina ◽  
A. M. Savicheva ◽  
M. Domeyka
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Chlamydial Infection ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Direct Immunofluorescence ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Urogenital Infections ◽  
Group I ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Polymerase Chain

According to the Russian-Swedish project there was performed a comparison of methods used for Chlamydia trachomatis detection in cervical samples, obtained from 397women and urethral samples from 253 men. All specimens were examined by direct immunofluorescence (DIF), polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and cell culture (CC). In high-prevalence group (group I) chlamydiae were detected in 17,8% and 28,0% of cases in men and women, respectively. Ingroup II containing patients who were subjected to screening examination, chlamydiae were found in 5% of cases both in men and women. PCR was shown to be the most sensitive when cervical samples in group I and cervical and urethral samples in group II were investigated. When urethral samples in group I were tested, DIF proved to have the highest sensitivity. All the methods used were found to be high specific. The search for standards of genital chlamydial infection diagnosis is in progress.

scholarly journals Clinical Screening Strategies for Cervical Cancer, Chlamydia trachomatis Infection, and Bacterial Vaginosis in Pregnant Women in Hokkaido between 2004 and 2012: a Retrospective Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Universal Screening ◽  
Obstetric Care ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Significant Difference

Background We previously conducted an anonymous survey on universal screening for uterine cervical cancer (UCC), genital Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), and bacterial vaginosis (BV) among pregnant women in Hokkaido (Japan) in 2004, and the screening rates were 87.5% (49/56), 87.5% (40/56), and 57.1% (32/56), respectively. According to the Japanese guidelines for obstetric practice published in 2008 and revised in 2011, universal screening for UCC and genital CT is recommended, but not for all asymptomatic BV patients. We investigated how the screening rates changed from 2004 to 2012. Methods The number of obstetric care facilities in Hokkaido was 113 in 2004 and 97 in 2012. We conducted an anonymous survey on universal screening for UCC, genital CT, and BV and compared the results of the 2004 and 2012 surveys. Our questionnaires in 2004 and 2012 were similar with the exception of the questions about timing of genital CT and BV screenings and diagnostic methods for BV in 2012. Results Survey response rates in 2004 and 2012 were 49.6% (56/113) and 72.9% (70/96), respectively. There were 44,020 deliveries in 2004 and 38,686 in 2012. In 2012, a total of 98.7% (69/70), 100% (70/70), and 67.1% (47/70) of facilities participated in universal screening for UCC, genital CT, and BV, respectively. Compared to 2004, screening rates significantly increased for UCC and genital CT, but did not show a significant difference for BV. However, the number of patients who participated in the screening test for BV significantly increased from 60.1% in 2004 to 75.4% in 2012 (P < 0.001). Conclusions Universal screening for UCC and genital CT followed the guidelines, but not for BV, which showed an increase when compared to the survey in 2004. Obstetricians in Hokkaido are now starting to consider the importance of BV screening and treatment in early pregnancy.

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