Letters to the Editor

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 158-159
Author(s):  
Birt Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Individual Child ◽  
Letters To The Editor ◽  
Neurobehavioral Development ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Dose Dependent

Kawatu et al state that effects of lead on cognitive and neurobehavioral development in children may be seen at the 10 to 15 µg/dL blood lead (BPb) level, and they note that I did not cite many articles supporting a dose-dependent adverse effect of lead. Since I granted in my commentary that there may be an effect at BPb levels even below 10 µg/dL, I felt it unnecessary to cite many articles supporting this premise. The question is, at low BPb levels, are there important consequences for the individual child?

Letters to the Editor

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-311
Author(s):  
Richard B. Feiertag
Keyword(s):  
Social Practice ◽  
Transracial Adoption ◽  
Black Children ◽  
Sensitive Area ◽  
Individual Child ◽  
Letters To The Editor ◽  
Secondary Importance ◽  
Previous Statement ◽  
The Individual

It was not the intent of our committee to impede the practice of transracial adoption. However, we feel that this a very sensitive area of social practice and one in which hazards do exist. We recognize that there are humanitarian and psychological overtones in every adoption, but welfare of the individual child must receive the highest priority. Other considerations are of secondary importance. A previous statement, "Adoption of Black Children,"1 described the efforts that are being made to promote the placement of black children, both within their own race and transracially.

scholarly journals Biological Effect of Different Spinach Extracts in Comparison with the Individual Components of the Phytocomplex

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 382
Author(s):  
Laura Arru ◽  
Francesca Mussi ◽  
Luca Forti ◽  
Annamaria Buschini
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Oxidizing Agent ◽  
Endogenous Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Dependent Activity ◽  
Main Components ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Higher Doses ◽  
Oxidative Insult

The Mediterranean-style diet is rich in fruit and vegetables and has a great impact on the prevention of major chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases and cancer. In this work we investigated the ability of spinach extracts obtained by different extraction methods and of the single main components of the phytocomplex, alone or mixed, to modulate proliferation, antioxidant defense, and genotoxicity of HT29 human colorectal cells. Spinach extracts show dose-dependent activity, increasing the level of intracellular endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) when tested at higher doses. In the presence of oxidative stress, the activity is related to the oxidizing agent involved (H2O2 or menadione) and by the extraction method. The single components of the phytocomplex, alone or mixed, do not alter the intracellular endogenous level of ROS but again, in the presence of an oxidative insult, the modulation of antioxidant defense depends on the oxidizing agent used. The application of the phytocomplex extracts seem to be more effective than the application of the single phytocomplex components.

Identifying problematic severe asthma in the individual child - does lung function matter?

2010 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 404-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
AM Lang ◽  
J Konradsen ◽  
K-H Carlsen ◽  
C Sachs-Olsen ◽  
P Mowinckel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Severe Asthma ◽  
Individual Child ◽  
The Individual

Lead Poisoning: Twenty Years After

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 505-505
Author(s):  
HENRIETTA SACHS ◽  
DONALD I. MOEL
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Lead Poisoning ◽  
Blood Lead Level ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Lead Level ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Neurobehavioral Development ◽  
Long Term Follow Up

To the Editor.— In October 1991, the Centers for Disease Control decreased the blood lead level PbB) from 25 to 10 µg/dL and designated it as abnormal because of "overwhelming and compelling scientific evidence"1 that 10 µg/dL is associated with adverse neurobehavioral development. We have evidence to the contrary, obtained in a long-term follow-up of severely lead-poisoned children whom we treated before 1972 for PbBs between 80 and 470 µg/dL (mean, 150.3 ± 77.1 µg/dL); their mean age was 28 months.

Letters to the Editor

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1957 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 918-919
Author(s):  
AIMS C. MCGUINNESS
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
The United States ◽  
The State ◽  
Letters To The Editor ◽  
Mild Disease ◽  
The Individual

I certainly agree with Dr. Dietrich that Asian influenza thus far has been a mild disease and not too serious a problem for the individual. Dr. Burney has pointed this out on a number of occasions, as, for example, in his remarks before the State and Territorial Health Officers on August 27. I agree, too, that the availability of antibiotics to deal with secondary bacterial infections should, to a great extent, minimize the severity of any epidemic in the United States.

On Amalgam Toxicity

1990 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Per-Olof Glantz ◽  
Ivar A. Mjör
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Toxic Substance ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Relative Term ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Dose Dependent

Toxicity implies an adverse effect. It may be caused by an overdose of any substance or combination of substances, either by an initial high dose or by the accumulation of a toxic substance over a long period of time. Thus, toxicity is dose dependent. It is also a relative term in that therisk involved must be evaluated and the available alternatives assessed.

1,2-dichloroethane removal by Bruguiera gymnorrhiza (L.) Lamk and Pseudomonas putida BCC 23535

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 1313-1319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sawitree Saiyood ◽  
Duangrat Inthorn ◽  
Alisa Vangnai ◽  
Paitip Thiravetyan
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Pseudomonas Putida ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Bruguiera Gymnorrhiza ◽  
Mangrove Plant ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Hydroponic Conditions

The purpose of this work was to investigate the ability of Bruguiera gymnorrhiza (L.) Lamk and Pseudomonas putida BCC 23535 to remove 1,2-dichloroethane (1,2-DCA) in contaminated water under hydroponic conditions. B. gymnorrhiza (L.) Lamk is a representative mangrove plant that can tolerate high levels of 1,2-DCA with a lethal dose 50 (LD50) of 34.67 mM. A concentration of 10 mM 1,2-DCA was chosen in the present study because it had no adverse effect on the plant. Using B. gymnorrhiza (L.) Lamk alone could completely remove 1,2-DCA over four cycles of 1,2-DCA exposure. P. putida BCC 23535 alone could also remove 1,2-DCA but the efficiency was lower than B. gymnorrhiza (L.) Lamk. The combination of B. gymnorrhiza (L.) Lamk and P. putida BCC 23535 could completely remove 1,2-DCA within 6 days, which was more effective than the individual plants alone. P. putida BCC 23535 can be applied in 1,2-DCA contaminated water in groundwater which B. gymnorrhiza (L.) Lamk can be used in above ground contaminated environments. Therefore, this study suggests that both B. gymnorrhiza (L.) Lamk and P. putida BCC 23535 are alternative ways to treat 1,2-DCA in contaminated environments.

scholarly journals p38δ genetic ablation protects female mice from anthracycline cardiotoxicity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon A George ◽  
Alexi Kiss ◽  
Sofian N Obaid ◽  
Aileen Venegas ◽  
Trisha Talapatra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Injury ◽  
Mapk Signaling ◽  
Anthracycline Cardiotoxicity ◽  
Genetic Ablation ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Echocardiographic Parameters ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Function ◽  
First Time ◽  
Dose Dependent

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDThe efficacy of an anthracycline antibiotic doxorubicin (DOX) as a chemotherapeutic agent is limited by dose-dependent cardiotoxicity. DOX is associated with activation of intracellular stress signaling pathways including p38 MAPKs. While previous studies have implicated p38 MAPK signaling in DOX-induced cardiac injury, the roles of the individual p38 isoforms, specifically, of the alternative isoforms p38γ and p38δ, remain uncharacterized.OBJECTIVESTo determine the potential cardioprotective effects of p38γ and p38δ genetic deletion in mice subjected to acute DOX treatment.METHODSMale and female wild-type (WT), p38γ-/-, p38δ-/- and p38γ-/-δ-/- mice were injected with 30 mg/kg DOX and their survival was tracked for ten days. During this period cardiac function was assessed by echocardiography and electrocardiography and fibrosis by PicroSirius Red staining. Immunoblotting was performed to assess the expression of signaling proteins and markers linked to autophagy.RESULTSSignificantly improved survival was observed in p38δ-/- female mice post-DOX relative to WT females, but not in p38γ-/- or p38γ-/-δ-/- male or female mice. The improved survival in DOX-treated p38δ-/- females was associated with decreased fibrosis, increased cardiac output and LV diameter relative to DOX-treated WT females, and similar to saline-treated controls. Structural and echocardiographic parameters were either unchanged or worsened in all other groups. Increased autophagy, as evidenced by increased LC3-II level, and decreased mTOR activation was also observed in DOX-treated p38δ-/- females.CONCLUSIONSp38δ plays a crucial role in promoting DOX-induced cardiotoxicity in female mice by inhibiting autophagy. Therefore, p38δ targeting could be a potential cardioprotective strategy in anthracycline chemotherapy.NEW AND NOTEWORTHYThis study for the first time identifies the roles of the alternative p38γ and p38δ MAPK isoforms in promoting DOX-cardiotoxicity in a sex-specific manner. While p38γ systemic deletion did not affect DOX-cardiotoxicity, p38δ systemic deletion was cardioprotective in female but not in male mice. Cardiac structure and function were preserved in DOX-treated p38δ-/- females and autophagy was increased.

Lead toxicosis in cats—a review

2003 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 249-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
TE Knight ◽  
MSA Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Aminolevulinic Acid ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Body Burden ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Good Prognosis ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Neuronal Necrosis ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Index Of Suspicion

Although the incidence of lead toxicosis in small animals continues to decrease, it remains a significant malady. We have reviewed the literature of the past 45 years, which revealed 70 cases involving cats. Sources, signs, diagnosis, pathology and treatment of feline lead toxicosis are reviewed. In 84% of these cases the source of lead was old paint usually from home renovation. The most common signs in cats are anorexia, vomiting, and seizures. The younger individuals seem more likely to show CNS signs. Since signs are often vague, lead toxicosis may be significantly under diagnosed in cats. The gold standard of diagnostic tests is blood lead concentration, although it does not necessarily correlate with total body burden of lead or with metabolic effects including clinical signs. Diagnostic tests including erythropoietic protoporphyrin (EPP), urine aminolevulinic acid, and others are discussed. Gross findings on necropsy are few and include a yellow-brown discoloration of the liver often with a nutmeg-like appearance. Histological examination may reveal pathognomonic inclusion bodies in liver and renal tissues. Characteristic histological changes in the CNS include neuronal necrosis and demyelination. Treatment of lead toxicosis in cats, as in any species, involves removing the exposure, decontaminating the individual and the environment, supportive care and chelation therapy. The most recently available chelator is succimer (meso 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid). Succimer given orally is well tolerated and has a wide margin of safety. A high index of suspicion of lead toxicosis is warranted in cats since they often present with vague and non-specific signs. With any consistent history owners need to be asked about home renovation. Early diagnosis and treatment affords a good prognosis.

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