1,2-dichloroethane removal by Bruguiera gymnorrhiza (L.) Lamk and Pseudomonas putida BCC 23535

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 1313-1319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sawitree Saiyood ◽  
Duangrat Inthorn ◽  
Alisa Vangnai ◽  
Paitip Thiravetyan
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Pseudomonas Putida ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Bruguiera Gymnorrhiza ◽  
Mangrove Plant ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Hydroponic Conditions

The purpose of this work was to investigate the ability of Bruguiera gymnorrhiza (L.) Lamk and Pseudomonas putida BCC 23535 to remove 1,2-dichloroethane (1,2-DCA) in contaminated water under hydroponic conditions. B. gymnorrhiza (L.) Lamk is a representative mangrove plant that can tolerate high levels of 1,2-DCA with a lethal dose 50 (LD50) of 34.67 mM. A concentration of 10 mM 1,2-DCA was chosen in the present study because it had no adverse effect on the plant. Using B. gymnorrhiza (L.) Lamk alone could completely remove 1,2-DCA over four cycles of 1,2-DCA exposure. P. putida BCC 23535 alone could also remove 1,2-DCA but the efficiency was lower than B. gymnorrhiza (L.) Lamk. The combination of B. gymnorrhiza (L.) Lamk and P. putida BCC 23535 could completely remove 1,2-DCA within 6 days, which was more effective than the individual plants alone. P. putida BCC 23535 can be applied in 1,2-DCA contaminated water in groundwater which B. gymnorrhiza (L.) Lamk can be used in above ground contaminated environments. Therefore, this study suggests that both B. gymnorrhiza (L.) Lamk and P. putida BCC 23535 are alternative ways to treat 1,2-DCA in contaminated environments.

scholarly journals TOXICITY EVALUATION OF AMMONIUM SULFATE TO ALBINO RAT

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 313
Author(s):  
Siva Kumar T ◽  
Shobha Rani A ◽  
Sujatha K ◽  
Purushotham B ◽  
Neeraja P
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizer ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Albino Rat ◽  
Median Lethal Dose ◽  
Adverse Effect Level ◽  
Effect Level

ABSTRACTObjective: The present study was designed to find out the acute median lethal dose (LD50) of ammonium sulfate (inorganic fertilizer) in Wister albino rats.Methods: A single dose of ammonium sulfate dissolved in distilled water (Milli-Q) and administered intraperitoneally at concentrations of 10, 30, 50,70, 90, 110, 130, and 170 mg/kg body weight, respectively, to experimental animals, and then, they were observed every 3 hrs from prior dose giventime, later 6 hrs, 12 hrs, 24 hrs, to 48 hrs of noticing any abnormal behaviors and toxic signs, symptoms. After 48 hrs, counted the number of ratsdeparted in each group and mortality percentage was calculated.Results: The obtained results were evaluated by the Statistical Probit Analysis Method and 48 hrs LD value for albino rats was found tobe 91.5 mg/kg. At a single dose of 10 mg/kg, there is no morality and toxic behaviors were observed. Therefore, this concentration is considered asno observed adverse effect level dose.Conclusion: From the earlier consequences, identification and evaluation of the LD5050 against ammonium sulfate is crucial for understanding thehyperammonemia because ammonium sulfate has been highly utilized as inorganic fertilizer in agriculture and household gardens. Thus, theknowledge about toxic impacts of ammonia useful for clinical or toxicological approaches; however, the toxicity data are unclear. Hence, the in vitroLD50 evaluations of target chemical in Wistar rats is highly associated toward in ammonia-related peculiar disorders perceptive and therapy.Keywords: Ammonium sulfate, Fertilizer, Median lethal dose, Mortality, No observed adverse effect level.

scholarly journals Gene Expression during BTEX Biodegradation by a Microbial Consortium Acclimatized to Unleaded Gasoline and a Pseudomonas putida Strain (HM346961) Isolated from It

2017 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús A. Morlett Chávez ◽  
Jorge Á. Ascacio Martínez ◽  
William E. Haskins ◽  
Karim Acuña Askar
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Pseudomonas Putida ◽  
Aromatic Compounds ◽  
Microbial Consortium ◽  
Protein Sequences ◽  
Environmental Applications ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Unleaded Gasoline ◽  
Great Capacity ◽  
Benzene Toluene

Pseudomonas putida strain (HM346961) was isolated from a consortium of bacteria acclimatized to unleaded gasoline-contaminated water. The consortium can efficiently remove benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX) isomers, and a similar capability was observed with the P. putida strain. Proteome of this strain showed certain similarities with that of other strains exposed to the hydrocarbon compounds. Furthermore, the toluene di-oxygenase (tod) gene was up-regulated in P. putida strain when exposed to toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, and BTEX. In contrast, the tod gene of P. putida F1 (ATCC 700007) was up-regulated only in the presence of toluene and BTEX. Several differences in the nucleotide and protein sequences of these two tod genes were observed. This suggests that tod up-regulation in P. putida strain may partially explain their great capacity to remove aromatic compounds, relative to P. putida F1. Therefore, new tod and P. putida strain are promising for various environmental applications.

scholarly journals Honey bee as an alternative model invertebrate organism

2025 ◽  
Vol 74 (10) ◽  
pp. 6140-2025
Author(s):  
ALEKSANDRA ŁOŚ ◽  
MAŁGORZATA BIEŃKOWSKA ◽  
ANETA STRACHECKA
Keyword(s):  
Collective Intelligence ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Bee Colony ◽  
Proboscis Extension ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Explosive Devices

Insects perfectly fit the flagship principle of animal research – 3R: to reduce (the number of animals), to replace (animals with alternative models) and to refine (methods). Bees have the most important advantages of a model organism: they cause minimal ethical controversy, they have a small and fully known genome, and they permit the use of many experimental techniques. Bees have a fully functional DNMT toolkit. Therefore, they are used as models in biomedical/genetic research, e.g. in research on the development of cancer or in the diagnostics of mental and neuroleptic diseases in humans. The reversion of aging processes in bees offers hope for progress in gerontology research. The cellular mechanisms of learning and memory coding, as well as the indicators of biochemical immunity parameters, are similar or analogous to those in humans, so bees may become useful in monitoring changes in behavior and metabolism. Bees are very well suited for studies on the dose of the substance applied to determine the lethal dose or the effect of a formula on life expectancy. Honeybees have proven to be an effective tool for studying the effects of a long-term consumption of stimulants, as well as for observing behavioral changes and developing addictions at the individual and social levels, as well as for investigating the effects of continuously delivering the same dose of a substance. The genomic and physiological flexibility of bees in dividing tasks among workers in a colony makes it possible to create a Single- Cohort Colony (SCC) in which peers compared perform different tasks. Moreover behavioral methods (e.g. Proboscis Extension Reflex – PER, Sting Extension Reflex – SER, free flying target discrimination tasks or the cap pushing response) make it possible to analyse changes occurring in honeybee brains during learning and remembering. Algorithms of actions are created based on the behavior of a colony or individual, e.g. Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm (ABCA). Honeybees are also model organisms for profiling the so-called intelligence of a swarm or collective intelligence. Additionally, they serve as models for guidance systems and aviation technologies. Bees have inspired important projects in robotics, such as B-droid, Robobee and The Green Brain Project. It has also been confirmed that the apian sense of smell can be used to detect explosive devices, such as TNT, or drugs (including heroin, cocaine, amphetamines and cannabis). This inconspicuous little insect can revolutionize the world of science and contribute to the solution of many scientific problems as a versatile model.

scholarly journals Polyketides from the Mangrove-Derived Endophytic Fungus Cladosporium cladosporioides

Marine Drugs ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fan-Zhong Zhang ◽  
Xiao-Ming Li ◽  
Xin Li ◽  
Sui-Qun Yang ◽  
Ling-Hong Meng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
2D Nmr ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Cladosporium Cladosporioides ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Bruguiera Gymnorrhiza ◽  
Mangrove Plant ◽  
Spectrometric Data ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Optical Rotations

Five new polyketides, namely, 5R-hydroxyrecifeiolide (1), 5S-hydroxyrecifeiolide (2), ent-cladospolide F (3), cladospolide G (4), and cladospolide H (5), along with two known compounds (6 and 7), were isolated from the endophytic fungal strain Cladosporium cladosporioides MA-299 that was obtained from the leaves of the mangrove plant Bruguiera gymnorrhiza. The structures of these compounds were established by extensive analysis of 1D/2D NMR data, mass spectrometric data, ECDs and optical rotations, and modified Mosher’s method. The structures of 3 and 6 were confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis and this is the first time for reporting the crystal structures of these two compounds. All of the isolated compounds were examined for antimicrobial activities against human and aquatic bacteria and plant pathogenic fungi as well as enzymatic inhibitory activities against acetylcholinesterase. Compounds 1–4, 6, and 7 exhibited antimicrobial activity against some of the tested strains with MIC values ranging from 1.0 to 64 μg/mL, while 3 exhibited enzymatic inhibitory activity against acetylcholinesterase with the IC50 value of 40.26 μM.

ANALISIS VEGETASI MANGROVE DAN PEMANFAATANNYA OLEH MASYARAKAT KAMPUNG ISENEBUAI DISTRIK RUMBERPON KABUPATEN TELUK WONDAMA

2008 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan F.A. Auri
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Musical Instrument ◽  
Bruguiera Gymnorrhiza ◽  
Mangrove Plant ◽  
Rhizophora Stylosa ◽  
Interview Technique ◽  
Mangrove Tree ◽  
Xylocarpus Granatum ◽  
Ceriops Tagal

<p><em>The objective of this research was to know the structure, composition, potency of mangrove tree and also exploitation of mangrove observation type in Isenebuai Village District Rumberpon Teluk Wondama. Vegetation observation was conducted using line and plot method and the interview technique flourish structure. The result of analyse vegetasi study show that 11 mangrove plant species from 5 families were found.The 11 species are Aegiceras corniculatum, Bruguiera sylindrica, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Rhizophora stylosa ,Rhizophora mucronata, Ceriops tagal, Heritiera littoralis, Heritiera globosa, Lumnitzera litorea, Xylocarpus granatum and  Xylocarpus moluccensis. The result also show that local people used 7 mangrove plant species from 4 families for 7 categories of use that are food-stuff, construction material, medicine, energy sources, boat supply, musical instrument and equipments of artistry and furniture.</em></p>

Letters to the Editor

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 158-159
Author(s):  
Birt Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Individual Child ◽  
Letters To The Editor ◽  
Neurobehavioral Development ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Dose Dependent

Kawatu et al state that effects of lead on cognitive and neurobehavioral development in children may be seen at the 10 to 15 µg/dL blood lead (BPb) level, and they note that I did not cite many articles supporting a dose-dependent adverse effect of lead. Since I granted in my commentary that there may be an effect at BPb levels even below 10 µg/dL, I felt it unnecessary to cite many articles supporting this premise. The question is, at low BPb levels, are there important consequences for the individual child?

Reevaluation of the acute toxicity of palytoxin in mice: Determination of lethal dose 50 (LD50) and No-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL)

Toxicon ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 177 ◽  
pp. 16-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Boente-Juncal ◽  
Carmen Vale ◽  
Mercedes Camiña ◽  
J. Manuel Cifuentes ◽  
Mercedes R. Vieytes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Adverse Effect Level ◽  
Effect Level

scholarly journals Acuteβ-N-Methylamino-L-alanine Toxicity in a Mouse Model

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maitham Ahmed Al-Sammak ◽  
Douglas G. Rogers ◽  
Kyle D. Hoagland
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Adverse Effect Level ◽  
Effect Level ◽  
Outbred Mice ◽  
Nih Swiss ◽  
And Control ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

The cyanobacterial neurotoxinβ-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) is considered to be an “excitotoxin,” and its suggested mechanism of action is killing neurons. Long-term exposure to L-BMAA is believed to lead to neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Lou Gehrig’s disease). Objectives of this study were to determine the presumptive median lethal dose (LD50), the Lowest-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level (LOAEL), and histopathologic lesions caused by the naturally occurring BMAA isomer, L-BMAA, in mice. Seventy NIH Swiss Outbred mice (35 male and 35 female) were used. Treatment group mice were injected intraperitoneally with 0.03, 0.3, 1, 2, and 3 mg/g body weight L-BMAA, respectively, and control mice were sham-injected. The presumptive LD50of L-BMAA was 3 mg/g BW and the LOAEL was 2 mg/g BW. There were no histopathologic lesions in brain, liver, heart, kidney, lung, or spleen in any of the mice during the 14-day study. L-BMAA was detected in brains and livers in all of treated mice but not in control mice. Males injected with 0.03 mg/g BW, 0.3 mg/g BW, and 3.0 mg/g BW L-BMAA showed consistently higher concentrations (P< 0.01) in brain and liver samples as compared to females in those respective groups.

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