scholarly journals Anti-inflammatory Action of Curcumin and Its Use in the Treatment of Lifestyle-related Diseases

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kana Shimizu ◽  
Masafumi Funamoto ◽  
Yoichi Sunagawa ◽  
Satoshi Shimizu ◽  
Yasufumi Katanasaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Toll Like Receptor ◽  
Toll Like Receptor 4 ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Physiological Properties ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Lifestyle Related Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Action

Chronic inflammation plays a significant role in lifestyle-related diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases and obesity/impaired glucose tolerance. Curcumin is a natural extract that possesses numerous physiological properties, as indicated by its anti-inflammatory action. The mechanisms underlying these effects include the inhibition of nuclear factor-kappaB and Toll-like receptor 4-dependent signalling pathways and the activation of a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma pathway. However, the bioavailability of curcumin is very low in humans. To resolve this issue, several drug delivery systems have been developed and a number of clinical trials have reported beneficial effects of curcumin in the management of inflammation-related diseases. It is expected that evidence regarding the clinical application of curcumin in lifestyle-related diseases associated with chronic inflammation will accumulate over time.

scholarly journals Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Alpha Mediates the Beneficial Effects of Atorvastatin in Experimental Colitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo José Basso ◽  
Helioswilton Sales-Campos ◽  
Viviani Nardini ◽  
Murillo Duarte-Silva ◽  
Vanessa Beatriz Freitas Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Experimental Colitis ◽  
Predictive Biomarker ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

The current therapeutic options for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD) are limited. Even using common anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive or biological therapies, many patients become unresponsive to the treatments, immunosuppressed or unable to restrain secondary infections. Statins are cholesterol-lowering drugs with non-canonical anti-inflammatory properties, whose underlying mechanisms of action still remain poorly understood. Here, we described that in vitro atorvastatin (ATO) treatment was not toxic to splenocytes, constrained cell proliferation and modulated IL-6 and IL-10 production in a dose-dependent manner. Mice exposed to dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) for colitis induction and treated with ATO shifted their immune response from Th17 towards Th2, improved the clinical and histological aspects of intestinal inflammation and reduced the number of circulating leukocytes. Both experimental and in silico analyses revealed that PPAR-α expression is reduced in experimental colitis, which was reversed by ATO treatment. While IBD patients also downregulate PPAR-α expression, the responsiveness to biological therapy relied on the restoration of PPAR-α levels. Indeed, the in vitro and in vivo effects induced by ATO treatment were abrogated in Ppara-/- mice or leukocytes. In conclusion, the beneficial effects of ATO in colitis are dependent on PPAR-α, which could also be a potential predictive biomarker of therapy responsiveness in IBD.

scholarly journals Functional Food Targeting the Regulation of Obesity-Induced Inflammatory Responses and Pathologies

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shizuka Hirai ◽  
Nobuyuki Takahashi ◽  
Tsuyoshi Goto ◽  
Shan Lin ◽  
Taku Uemura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Amino Terminal ◽  
Inflammatory State ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Obesity is associated with a low-grade systemic chronic inflammatory state, characterized by the abnormal production of pro- and anti-inflammatory adipocytokines. It has been found that immune cells such as macrophages can infiltrate adipose tissue and are responsible for the majority of inflammatory cytokine production. Obesity-induced inflammation is considered a potential mechanism linking obesity to its related pathologies, such as insulin resistance, cardiovascular diseases, type-2 diabetes, and some immune disorders. Therefore, targeting obesity-related inflammatory components may be a useful strategy to prevent or ameliorate the development of such obesity-related diseases. It has been shown that several food components can modulate inflammatory responses in adipose tissue via various mechanisms, some of which are dependent on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorγ(PPARγ), whereas others are independent on PPARγ, by attenuating signals of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and/or c-Jun amino-terminal kinase (JNK). In this review, we introduce the beneficial effects of anti-inflammatory phytochemicals that can help prevent obesity-induced inflammatory responses and pathologies.

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