scholarly journals Prevalence of gastrointestinal helminths in ruminants in Ukraine: a 5-year meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-257
Author(s):  
O. V. Kruchynenko ◽  
S. M. Mykhailiutenko ◽  
M. A. Petrenko ◽  
L. M. Kuzmenko
Keyword(s):  
Fasciola Hepatica ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Gastrointestinal Helminths ◽  
Wide Range

The production of environmentally friendly livestock products is currently receiving much attention, especially in the European Union. The problem of monitoring the quality and safety of meat and milk in modern conditions is relevant not only for Ukraine but also for the world community. The scientific substantiation of the methods of research on meat for sale subject to invasive diseases is especially important, as the product may pose risks to the consumer. One of the criteria for assessing the welfare of a herd is the prevalence of helminthiases in cattle. Ruminant parasitoses in Ukraine have always been and remain a separate, often significant, problem for veterinary specialists. Helminths have evolved to use a wide range of ecological niches. In this study, we tried to quantify the prevalence of helminthiases among ruminants (cattle, sheep and goats) in Ukraine. The relevant studies were searched for in the online databases. The meta-analysis included 15 publications from January 2015 to December 2020 which reported the spread of parasites in Ukraine. The research results show that the infestation of ruminants with gastrointestinal helminths on the territory of Ukraine is 56.7%. Egger’s regression test revealed no significant publication bias. During the period of pastured farming, stable parasitocenoses are formed in the body of ruminants. The parasitoses are caused by helminths (gastrointestinal strongyles, liver flukes, paramphistomas, dicrocelia). They are recorded in monoinvasions or mixed invasions. Ruminants, according to helminthological examination in different climatic zones, are constantly infested with trematodes. In Ukraine, the presence of three species of flukes has been confirmed in ruminants: Fasciola hepatica, Dicrocoelium dendriticum and Paramphistomum cervi. Parasitization by those species negatively affects the profitability of dairy farming. Trematodes cause significant economic losses: reduced milk productivity of cows, reduced live weight gain of young animals, negative impact on reproduction. At the same time, fascioliasis is socially significant and dangerous to humans. According to the analyzed literature sources, two types of cestodes have been registered in Ukraine: Moniezia benedeni and M. expansa. The epizootic situation regarding nematodes is just as fraught. That is the most numerous group of helminths, their fauna is represented by the following species: Strongyloides papillosus, Nematodirus spathiger, Bunostomum spp., Oesophagostomum radiatum, Haemonchus contortus, Toxocara vitulorum, Trichuris skrjabini, T. ovis and T. globulosa. It is proven that in cattle parasitocenoses are recorded more often than monoinvasions. The highest rates of prevalence of infection were observed when polyinvasion included gastrointestinal strongyles, namely from the order Strongylida. Strongyloides papillosus is the most common taxonomic representative, while Fasciola hepatica has the lowest prevalence of infection, especially in sheep. Updated data on helminthiasis will expand the screening strategy to maintain the health of farm ruminants and reduce economic losses.

scholarly journals Understanding the crisis in harm reduction funding in Central and Eastern Europe

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Miovský ◽  
Silvia Miklíková ◽  
Viktor Mravčík ◽  
Jean-Paul Grund ◽  
Tereza Černíková
Keyword(s):  
Harm Reduction ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Institution Building ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Background The harm reduction (HR) approach to injecting drug use was rapidly adopted in Central Europe following the fall of the Iron Curtain. The associated social and economic transformation had significant consequences for drug policies in the region. A large number of emerging services have been dependent on funding from a wide range of national and/or local funding programmes, which continue to be unstable, and closely associated with political decisions and insufficient institution building. A sharp distinction is made between health and social services, often without regard to client input. The main objective of the paper is to identify the causes of the funding problems currently faced by HR services in the context of their history of institution building which represents a major threat to the future of HR services in the region. Methods Qualitative content analysis of documents was conducted in the development of two case studies of the Czech and Slovak Republics. The body of documentation under study comprised policy documents, including National Drug Strategies, Action Plans, ministerial documents, and official budgets and financial schedules, as well as documents from the grey literature and expert opinions. Results The insufficient investments in finalising the process of the institution building of HR services have resulted in a direct threat to their sustainability. An unbalanced inclination to the institutionalisation of HR within the domain of social services has led to a misperception of their integrity, as well as to their funding and long-term sustainability being endangered. In addition, this tendency has had a negative impact on the process of the institutionalisation of HR within the system of healthcare. Conclusion The case study revealed a lack of systemic grounding of HR services as interdisciplinary health-social services. The aftermath of the financial crisis in 2008 fully revealed the limitations of the funding system established ad hoc in the 1990s, which remains present until today, together with all its weak points. The entire situation is responsible for the dangerous erosion of the interpretation of the concept of harm reduction, which is supported by various stereotypes and false, or ideological, interpretations of the concept.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Calf Mortality in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Ephrem Tora ◽  
Mesfin Shrube ◽  
Tamirat Kaba ◽  
Wasihun Seyoum
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Publication Bias ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Dairy Industry ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Calf Mortality

Background. Calf mortality has been a major cause of economic losses in the dairy industry in Ethiopia. The condition results in a significant drop in the number of replacing heifers and bulls for sustainable dairy business. Reports on calf mortality with a wide range of prevalence are rising in the country; however, a pooled prevalence of this condition has not been established. Thus, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to quantitatively estimate the pooled prevalence of calf mortality in Ethiopia. Methods. Meta-analysis was carried out to obtain the pooled prevalence of calf mortality in Ethiopia. A comprehensive literature search was carried out on PubMed, African Journals Online, CAB, Web of Science Direct, and Google Scholar. Eligible studies were selected based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Moderators such as the study area, breed of calf, study design, agroecology, and year of study article published were used as a milestone of data extraction. The random-effect model was used to estimate pooled prevalence. Publication bias and the variation in prevalence estimates attributed to heterogeneity were also assessed. Results. Twenty-five original research papers on the prevalence of calf mortality in various parts of Ethiopia were included. The reported prevalence of calf mortality was between 0.9% and 37%. The pooled prevalence of calf mortality in the country was 14.79%, and the pooled calf mortality estimate across studies for the entire period regarding 1991 to 2000, 2001 to 2010, 2011 to 2016, and 2017 to 2020 was 26.54%, 17.03%, 14.21%, and 11.23%, respectively. Analysis of study subgroups and location revealed significant variations in prevalence. High heterogeneity was observed in the pooled estimates and even after the subgroup meta-analysis. The funnel plots and Egger’s regression asymmetry coefficient (b = −1.0434) (95% CI = −1.49, −0.59; p value of 0.012) did suggest the presence of publication bias. There was also an indication of missing studies that could be incorporated by Duval and Tweedie’s trim and fill method where they might fall on a funnel plot and visualize them in an attempt to increase the plot’s symmetry. Analyses also suggest that calf breed, sample size, and study location are likely to be moderators of calf mortality prevalence in Ethiopia. Conclusion. This finding shows that calf mortality is widespread and could result in considerable economic losses for the dairy industry in Ethiopia. Inevitably, a significant reduction in calf mortality prevalence has been observed in recent years since 2010, but the reduction has not yet reached an economically tolerable level. Calf breed susceptibility contributed to the high prevalence. Therefore, interventions for increasing calf health and performance should be focused on minimizing calf mortality on farm and animal levels.

scholarly journals Adaptation disorders caused by nephrectomy

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
Igor S. Shormanov ◽  
Marina S. Los ◽  
Maxim V. Kosenko
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Response ◽  
Immobilization Stress ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
The Body ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Clinical Markers ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Significant Negative Impact

Currently, nephrectomy is performed for various diseases, and the number of this type of surgery does not have a clear tendency to decrease. Operational stress is accompanied by a triggering mechanism for a wide range of disorders, among which psycho-emotional and vegetative (vascular) reactions are important clinical markers. The study of the systemic adaptive reactivity of the body after nephrectomy will provide an integrated approach to the study of the problem of the postoperative period and the rehabilitation of the patient in clinical practice. Objective: to identify the effect of nephrectomy on the overall adaptive response of animals when white rats are exposed to damaging physical loads (acute hyperthermia) and chemical (acute alcohol poisoning, nephrotoxic agents) of nature, normobaric hypoxia, limiting muscular loads and immobilization stress. The results of the experiment showed that laboratory animals with a single kidney become more sensitive (1.5 times) to nephrotoxic agents. Analysis of the effect of nephrectomy on the overall adaptive response of animals under the influence of various damaging factors to reduce the body’s resistance to hypoxia by 20% (p > 0.05); to limit muscular loads – by 25% (p > 0.05); hyperthermia – by 25% (p < 0.05); chemical agents – by one third (p < 0.05); to immobilization stress – by 28% (p < 0.05). Conclusion. The study demonstrated a significant negative impact of nephrectomy on the overall adaptive capacity of the body and allowed to clarify the functional characteristics of the general adaptation disorders in connection with this operation.

Linguistic Diversity, Standardization, and Disenfranchisement: Measurement and Consequences

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Ginsburgh ◽  
Shlomo Weber
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Linguistic Diversity ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Group Identification ◽  
Identification Problem ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Political Outcomes ◽  
Official Languages ◽  
The Russian Empire

In this chapter we examine the notion of linguistic and other types of societal diversity that have become an important factor in evaluating economic, political and societal progress. While most of the existing research on the measurement of diversity has been focused either on the number and size of different groups, this approach fails to take into account the degree of their distinctiveness. Thus, it is important to incorporate the notion of distances or dissimilarity between groups which should help resolving the difficult group identification problem. We discuss various ways of measuring similarity between groups, the wide range of fractionalization and polarization indices and their impact (positive or negative) on various economic and political outcomes. To mitigate the negative impact of linguistic fractionalization, societies has often chosen to standardize by reducing the number of official languages. The numerous examples of such standardization policies (in the Russian Empire, India, Sri Lanka, among many others, including the European Union) lead to the feeling of disenfranchisement experienced by some population groups, and often end up failing. The search for a compromise between efficiency and the sentiment of being disenfranchised represents a serious challenge for any multi-lingual country or union; we examine this problem in the context of the European Union for which good data are available.

SMEs’ impediments and developments in the internationalization process

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fariza Hashim
Keyword(s):  
International Business ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Statistical Testing ◽  
Internationalization Process ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Government

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is, first, to examine the factors that impede SMEs in their internationalization process; second, to analyse the effectiveness of the government support and development programs of the SMEs; and finally, to examine the networking efforts by Malaysian SMEs at the industrial level. Design/methodology/approach – This study is descriptive in nature. Secondary data are the main source of data collection. Data were obtained from reliable and authoritative sources such as SME Corp, government agency publications, newspapers, international business journals and other related periodicals. A meta-analysis technique was used in this study where results from previous and current studies on similar topics were critically reviewed. Findings – This study found that Malaysian SMEs faced external and internal impediments in their efforts of expanding their operations internationally. Externally there is a lack of skilled workers available in the domestic labour market; increased competition in the domestic market due to the regional economic agreement among neighbouring countries; lack of physical infrastructure allocated to the SMEs; and government assistance offered does not reach SMEs due to high level of bureaucracy and poor communication. Despite the impediments encountered by SMEs, they still obtained benefits from various policies, programmes and incentives provided by the government. Research limitations/implications – Meta-analysis conducted on the challenges of Malaysian SMEs in its internationalization process might be inadequate as it is limited to the availability of the current and previous studies. Additionally, quantitative data obtained from the secondary source was not raw data thus statistical testing could not be further conducted and analysed. Data obtained from the local authoritative sources detected different problems and challenges from those found in previous and current studies. Practical implications – This study indicates several implications for managers and policy makers. Malaysian SMEs need to evaluate its capability before embarking into new geographic locations and engage internationally. With diverse programmes offered by the government, SMEs have a wide range of choice when involving the whole value chain activities, either through marketing their products in the market or manufacturing and supplying the products to large firms or MNCs. Involving international markets is not only about expanding the market but also for seeking lower costs and resources as well as operating with management efficiency. Originality/value – This study contributes to the body of knowledge of international business and entrepreneurship literature in three ways. First, research on SMEs from emerging countries involved in international market tend to be limited in literature, most of them are concentrated in the developed countries; thus this study would extend the understanding about the internationalization process among SMEs. Second, this study focused on the impediments of SMEs in their implementation strategies which represent the practicality of the phenomenon thus bridging the gap between theories and realities. Third, this study brings to light the significance of networking relationships in international business and entrepreneurship primarily among SMEs due to their size limitations. Finally, the meta-analysis technique which is seldom used in the international business and entrepreneurial literature is adopted in this study. This technique provides another approach for the researchers to examine and address the issues in the field.

scholarly journals Optimizing genomic prediction of host resistance to koi herpesvirus disease in carp

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christos Palaiokostas ◽  
Tomas Vesely ◽  
Martin Kocour ◽  
Martin Prchal ◽  
Dagmar Pokorova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genomic Selection ◽  
Genomic Prediction ◽  
Prediction Accuracy ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Koi Herpesvirus ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Close Relatives

AbstractGenomic selection (GS) is increasingly applied in breeding programmes of major aquaculture species, enabling improved prediction accuracy and genetic gain compared to pedigree-based approaches. Koi Herpesvirus disease (KHVD) is notifiable by the World Organisation for Animal Health and the European Union, causing major economic losses to carp production. Genomic selection has potential to breed carp with improved resistance to KHVD, thereby contributing to disease control. In the current study, Restriction-site Associated DNA sequencing (RAD-seq) was applied on a population of 1,425 common carp juveniles which had been challenged with Koi herpes virus, followed by sampling of survivors and mortalities. Genomic selection (GS) was tested on a wide range of scenarios by varying both SNP densities and the genetic relationships between training and validation sets. The accuracy of correctly identifying KHVD resistant animals using genomic selection was between 8 and 18 % higher than pedigree best linear unbiased predictor (pBLUP) depending on the tested scenario. Furthermore, minor decreases in prediction accuracy were observed with decreased SNP density. However, the genetic relationship between the training and validation sets was a key factor in the efficacy of genomic prediction of KHVD resistance in carp, with substantially lower prediction accuracy when the relationships between the training and validation sets did not contain close relatives.

scholarly journals Hepatic biomarkers and coprology as indicators of clinical bovine fasciolosis in Chad

2021 ◽  
pp. 1153-1157
Author(s):  
Ibrahim I. Elshahawy ◽  
Sherif Elshanat ◽  
Mayo Mahamat Arab ◽  
Mohamed Nayel ◽  
Akram Salama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fasciola Hepatica ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Main Complaint ◽  
Prophylactic Measures

Background and Aim: Fasciolosis is a cosmopolitan parasitic disease of food-producing animals and is typically caused by digenetic trematodes, Fasciola gigantica and Fasciola hepatica. It has a direct negative impact on the liver and consequently affects liver metabolism. It has indirect effects, including lowered milk production and effects on quality and general health conditions leading to extensive economic losses. This study aimed to focus on the link between clinical fasciolosis and some biochemical analysis of the hepatic profile of cattle in Chad. Materials and Methods: This study was initiated in response to emerging complaints from dairy cattle owners detecting a bitter milk cream and butter taste. Furthermore, those animals had shown poor health conditions by presenting with diarrhea. Preliminary surveillance for possible causes was performed, including fecal and serum biochemical analyses and clinical observation to diagnose the possible disease. Results: The results obtained, including the finding of parasite stages during the coprological examination, confirmed the role of fasciolosis. The independent sample t-test indicated highly significantly altered values of all biochemical liver indicators in the infected animals. All animals were treated with two doses of rafoxanide (3 mg/kg b.w.) S/C, at 21 days intervals, with vitamin supplements, mineral mixtures, and food additives. Surprisingly, the main complaint was restored after treatment. This is another evident clue of fasciolosis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first recent study that diagnosed fasciolosis in Chad. Conclusion: This study emphasized the importance of fasciolosis, its negative impact on milk taste, and the necessity for veterinary advice regarding routine examination and prophylactic measures, especially before autumn, to minimize economic losses. However, regardless of the small sample size, this study could serve as a cornerstone for future studies on evaluating the accurate epidemiological status of fasciolosis in Chad. This study reported a close association between the alteration of liver enzymes and total protein levels in fasciolosis and the bitter milk cream taste, which could be used as a diagnostic tool for fasciolosis.

scholarly journals Effect of Gomutra Niruha Basti on Sthaulya (obesity)

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shweta Parwe
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
The Body ◽  
Therapeutic Action ◽  
Medical Problems ◽  
Ideal Weight ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Insurance Data

Obesity is a serious health condition that can lead to an earlier death. A variety of medical problems, including high blood pressure, heart problems, diabetes, sleep apnea, depression and arthritis, have been  associated with being overweight. An individual who is 30% heavier than his or her ideal weight (determined by standard medical and insurance data) is considered obese. Niruha Basti is one of the most important and commonly used therapies    having wide range of therapeutic action. Niruha Basti is one which eradicates dosha (Humors) from the body, increases strength of the body and has Achintya shakti (unpredictable effects) Gomutra has Tikshna, Ushna, Laghu Virya: Ushna Vipaka: Katu having Kaphavata Shamaka and Used as Deepana, Lekhana, Pachana, Anulomana, Malshodhak Amapachana, it is also used in Virechana and Basti have predominance of Vayu and Agni Mahabhuta. So by means of such properties have a negative impact on Kaphavridhi and Medovridhi.

scholarly journals Cultural Influences on Fruit and Vegetable Food-Wasting Behavior in the European Union

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 9685
Author(s):  
Corina Pelau ◽  
Roxana Sarbu ◽  
Daniela Serban
Keyword(s):  
National Culture ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Cultural Influences ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Fruit And Vegetables ◽  
World Population ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

In a context of increased world population and imbalanced access to resources, the concept of food waste has gained increased attention in the past years. The waste of food has a negative impact on the economy, the society and the environment. In order to reduce the quantities of wasted food, it is important to understand the factors and the situations in which food waste occurs. Several studies have shown that food waste happens mostly at the consumer level and that it is determined by a wide range of factors, such as socio-demographic characteristics and consumption patterns. The objective of this paper is to determine the impact of the national culture on the quantity of wasted fruit and vegetables. Based on secondary data, the panel regression analysis was applied for 28 European countries with the purpose of determining the influence of the cultural dimensions as described by Hofstede on the quantities of wasted fruit and vegetables. The results of the research show that the uncertainty avoidance of a culture complemented by the indulgence index influences the quantity of wasted fruit and vegetables, confirming that certain characteristics of the national culture are factors that affect the quantity of wasted food.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of prehabilitation for patients undergoing orthopaedic surgery: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. e031119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anuj Punnoose ◽  
Ori Weiss ◽  
Vikas Khanduja ◽  
Alison B Rushton
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Orthopaedic Surgery ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
The Body ◽  
Major Surgery ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Science System

IntroductionUndergoing major surgery can induce physical and functional decline. Prehabilitation programmes aim to improve physical fitness and function preoperatively and could enhance postoperative recovery and outcomes. Prehabilitation interventions have been utilised across a range of orthopaedic populations of all ages and can be multimodal in nature. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of prehabilitation for patients undergoing orthopaedic surgery including day surgery procedures. It will also investigate the components of prehabilitation to understand optimum duration and frequency of programmes.Methods/designSystematic review and meta-analysis designed in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols. A comprehensive electronic search will be performed in MEDLINE, CINAHL, AMED, Embase, PEDro and Cochrane CENTRAL databases in order to identify randomised control trials published between January 2000 to 25 March 2019. ISI Web of Science, System for information on grey literature and the European Union clinical trials registry will identify studies that are underway or unpublished. Two independent reviewers will carry out the searches, study selection (title and abstract and full text stages), data extraction, risk of bias assessment (Cochrane Risk of Bias tool 2.0) and evaluation of overall strength of evidence. Meta-analyses will be used for data which demonstrates homogeneity, otherwise a narrative synthesis will be performed for groups of studies of high heterogeneity (I2 >50%). The overall strength of the body of evidence will be assessed using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation.Ethics and disseminationThis study raises no ethical issues. This study aims to identify the effectiveness of prehabilitation interventions and may assist clinicians in determining which components, duration, frequency and the method of delivery would form the most effective prehabilitation intervention for patients undergoing an orthopaedic surgical procedure. The findings will be disseminated through publication in a peer-reviewed journal and conference presentations.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019123268.

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