scholarly journals Фенотипическая пластичность в соотношении полов у Idotea baltica basteri (Crustacea, Isopoda) в Одесском заливе Черного моря

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Y. Varigin
Keyword(s):  
Water Exchange ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Fouling Community ◽  
Gradual Decline ◽  
Idotea Baltica ◽  
Open Sea ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Exchange Intensity ◽  
Number Of Males

The degree of phenotypic plasticity in the Idotea baltica basteri Audouin, 1827 (Crustacea, Isopoda) sex ratio of the fouling community in the Odessa bay of the Black Sea was determined. The ratio of males and females in three main phenotypes of I. baltica basteri, namely: uniformis, albafusca and lineata was found. Crustaceans were collected on the underwater surface of traverses, located in three sea districts with the different degrees of water exchange intensity with the open sea. Water depth at the wall of traverses ranged from 1 to2,5 m. In the first most opened district among the individuals of uniformis phenotype the ratio of males and females was equal to 1:4, that for albafusca – 1:1,3 and lineata – 1:1. In the second area with the release of drainage waters among the individuals of uniformis phenotype this ratio was equal to 1:4,5, while the albafusca and lineata figures were 1:1,5 and 1:1, accordingly. In the third region, with the most difficult water exchange, among the individuals of phenotypes the ratios of males and females were as follows: uniformis – 1:8, albafusca – 1:2, and lineata – 1:1. When moving from the opened to semi-enclosed area among the individuals of all phenotypes there was a gradual decline in the proportion of males and accordingly, increases of the proportion of females. The greatest number of males in all areas under study is observed among the individuals of lineata phenotype, and that of females – among the individuals of uniformis phenotype. It is found that monochromatic colored females prefer to stay in the shaded places among the seagrass beds and brightly colored males usually move actively along the outside of the substrata. 

Numerical Simulation of Sloshing of Water in Ship Tanks During Sequential Ballast Water Exchange in Seaways

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Makoto Arai ◽  
Humberto S. Makiyama ◽  
Liang-Yee Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Ballast Water ◽  
Water Exchange ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Marine Pollution ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Exchange Method ◽  
Ballast Tank ◽  
Open Sea ◽  
Merchant Ship ◽  
Ballast Tanks

In recent years, ballast water has been blamed for a variety of marine pollution problems, particularly for transporting harmful aquatic organisms from one part of the world to another and damaging the ecosystem of the new areas. A relatively simple mechanism to control this problem is to exchange ballast water on the high seas between ports in order to remove invasive species before the ship reaches its destination. However, some issues regarding ballast exchange on the open sea need to be addressed before this operation is introduced. One of them is the sloshing of the sea water in the ballast tank. In this paper, ballast water exchange on the open sea by means of the Sequential exchange method is simulated. Irregular seaways are generated from the ISSC spectrum, and the sloshing response of the water in the ballast tanks of a large merchant ship is numerically computed by using a finite difference code developed by the authors. The results showed that there is little possibility that severe sloshing presents a serious problem in regard to the ballast tank’s strength, especially in the case of a bulk carrier whose tanks are generally short in length, with sloshing anticipated only at the low water level.

scholarly journals Circulation and hydrological characteristics of the North Aegean Sea: a contribution from real-time buoy measurements

2002 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. NITTIS ◽  
L. PERIVOLIOTIS
Keyword(s):  
General Circulation ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Aegean Sea ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Hydrological Characteristics ◽  
The North ◽  
Open Sea ◽  
North Aegean ◽  
North Aegean Sea ◽  
Water Outflow

In the framework of the POSEIDON Project, a network of open sea oceanographic buoys equipped with meteorological and oceanographic sensors has been operational in the Aegean Sea since 1998. The analysis of upper-ocean physical data (currents at 3m, temperature and salinity at 3-40m depths) collected during the last 2 years from the stations of the North Aegean basin indicates a strong temporal variability of flow field and hydrological characteristics in both synoptic and seasonal time scales. The northern part of the basin is mainly influenced by the Black Sea Water outflow and the mesoscale variability of the corresponding thermohaline fronts, while the southern stations are influenced by the general circulation of the Aegean Sea with strong modulations caused by the seasonally varying atmospheric forcing.

scholarly journals Chemical composition of different types of natural waters in Ukraine

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. K. Khilchevskyi ◽  
S. M. Kurylo ◽  
N. P. Sherstyuk
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Natural Waters ◽  
Water Exchange ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Atmospheric Precipitation ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
The South ◽  
Salinity Regime ◽  
Azov Sea

The results of studies of the chemical composition in various types of natural waters of the territory of Ukraine – atmospheric precipitation, surface (river and lake), groundwaters and sea waters are comprehensively summarized and presented for the territory of Ukraine in this paper. The chemical composition of Ukraine's natural waters (rivers, lakes, underground aquifers, seas) is the result of the interaction of a combination of natural factors, as well as their location, mainly in the temperate climatic zone. The average long–term mineralization of atmospheric precipitation is usually in the range of 20–40 mg/l, its chemical composition is predominantly sulfate magnesium–calcium. For the chemical composition of water in the small and medium rivers of Ukraine, hydrochemical zoning is observed in the direction from the northwest to the south-east of the country. Mineralization of river waters also increases in this direction (from 200–300 mg/l to 1,500–3,000 mg/l and more). The composition of the water varies from bicarbonate calcium in the north and west to sodium chloridein the south and southeast. The value of mineralization of lake water varies within very wide limits. There are lakes with very fresh water and low salinity (30 mg/l – small lakes of glacial origin in the Ukrainian Carpathians), and lakes whose water has a mineralization of more than 100 g/l (salt lakes of the Crimea). In the chemical composition of groundwater, the territory of Ukraine mainly exhibits vertical hydrochemical zoning, which manifests itself in the separation of zones of intensive or difficult water exchange. Hydrocarbonate or sulfate waters with a small mineralization (up to 1.0 g/l) are characteristic for the zone of active water exchange. Highly mineralized (50–300 g/l and more) chloride, sodium and chloride-sodiumcalcium waters are common in a zone of hindered water exchange. The ionic composition of the Black Sea water has all the characteristic features of ocean waters but differs from them in relative poverty with ions of chlorine and sodium, the average salinity of the Black Sea waters is 18–19 ‰. In the narrow coastal zone near the mouths of large rivers (the Danube, the Dniester, the Southern Bug, the Dnieper) a decrease in the salinity of the Black Sea waters (up to 5–10 ‰) is observed. The main factors that determine the salinity regime in the Azov Sea (10–13 ‰) are the inflow of saline Black Sea and fresh river (the Don and the Kuban rivers) waters that are mixed in the Azov Sea, as well as the arrival of atmospheric precipitation.

scholarly journals MODELLING WATER EXCHANGE BETWEEN COASTAL ELONGATED LAGOON AND SEA: INFLUENCE OF THE MORPHOMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS OF CONNECTING CHANNEL ON WATER RENEWAL IN LAGOON

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 37-46
Author(s):  
Yurii Tuchkovenko ◽  
Oksana Tuchkovenko ◽  
Valeriy Khokhlov
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Water Exchange ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Morphometric Characteristics ◽  
Water Renewal ◽  
The North ◽  
North Western

The north-western part of the Black Sea Ukrainian coast is characterized by the presence of 12 marine lagoons which do not presently have permanent natural connections with the sea. Because of regional climate change, these lagoons have experienced a significant deficit of annual freshwater balance during the last decades and, consequently, an increase in salinity and eutrophication of their waters. One way to stabilize the hydroecological regime of lagoons is to maintain their regular connection with the sea via artificial connecting channels. The deepest and most prolonged Tyligulskyi Liman lagoon is used as an example to determine the morphometric characteristics (width, depth) of the artificial connecting channel which ensures bidirectional water exchange of the lagoon with the sea, i. e. its partial flushing. A numerical hydrodynamic model is used to estimate how the morphometric characteristics of the connecting channel influence the intensity of water exchange between the lagoon and the sea and of water renewal by seawater for the various parts of the lagoon. The dynamics of sea water volume concentration in reference points in the lagoon is used as an indicator of seawater intrusion into the lagoon and their degree of water renewal in its various zones. The proposed methodology could be used for other lagoons of the same type in the north-western part of the Black Sea.

scholarly journals Spatial analysis of seasonal patterns in sea surface temperature and salinity distribution in the Black Sea (1992-2017)

2021 ◽  
Vol 937 (3) ◽  
pp. 032013
Author(s):  
D Krivoguz ◽  
A Semenova ◽  
S Mal’ko
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Water Exchange ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Shelf Zone ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Sea Of Marmara ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Salinity Data ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Suitable Environment

Abstract Sea water temperature and water salinity one of the most important environmental factors of the marine ecosystems. Both of them plays an important role in forming suitable environment for marine living organisms and have a great impact on species biodiversity. Our goal for this paper was to identify spatial patterns of interannual variations in the salinity and temperature fluctuations to understand possibilities of future change of the Black Sea ecosystem and its impact on fisheries. We used temperature and salinity data from CMEMS for the 1992-2017 time period. All downloaded data was processed by QGIS 3.14 and R 4.0.3. We found that the temperature regime of the Black Sea in different periods of the year is determined by three main factors - the depth of the shelf zone, the influence of river runoff, and water circulation due to currents. The average salinity of the Black Sea waters is 19 ‰, areas with lower salinity are located near the west shore, due to the flows from the largest rivers (Dnieper, Dniester, Danube) bringing a large amount of fresh water to the Black Sea. The area with higher salinity is located in the south- west due to the water exchange of the Black Sea with the saltier Sea of Marmara (∼ 26 ‰) through the Bosphorus. The currents of the Black Sea pick up the salty water of the Sea of Marmara and slowly moving the water column against the clockwise, carry it across the entire Black Sea, thereby increasing its average salinity.

HYDROGEN FROM HYDROGEN SULPHIDE IN BLACK SEA

2019 ◽  
pp. 49-55
Author(s):  
S. Z. Baykara ◽  
E. H. Figen ◽  
A. Kale ◽  
T. N. Veziroglu
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Hydrogen Sulphide ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Environmental Pollutant ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Fuel Processing ◽  
Acid Gas ◽  
Reducing Bacteria

Hydrogen sulphide, an acid gas, is generally considered an environmental pollutant. As an industrial byproduct, it is produced mostly during fuel processing. Hydrogen sulphide occurs naturally in many gas wells and also in gas hydrates and gas-saturated sediments especially at the bottom of the Black Sea where 90% of the sea water is anaerobic.The anoxic conditions exist in the deepest parts of the basin since nearly 7300 years, caused by the density stratification following the significant influx of the Mediterranean water through the Bosphorous nearly 9000 years ago. Here, H2S is believed to be produced by sulphur reducing bacteria at an approximate rate of 10 000 tons per day, and it poses a serious threat since it keeps reducing the life in the Black Sea. An oxygen–hydrogen sulphide interface is established at 150–200 m below the surface after which H2S concentration starts increasing regularly until 1000 m, and finally reaches a nearly constant value of 9.5 mg/l around 1500 m depth.Hydrogen sulphide potentially has economic value if both sulphur and hydrogen can be recovered. Several methods are studied for H2S decomposition, including thermal, thermochemical, electrochemical, photochemical and plasmochemical methods.In the present work, H2S potential in the Black Sea is investigated as a source of hydrogen, an evaluation of the developing prominent techniques for hydrogen production from H2S is made, and an engineering assessment is carried out regarding hydrogen production from H2S in the Black Sea using a process design based on the catalytic solar thermolysis approach. Possibility of a modular plant is considered for production at larger scale.

SELF-PURIFICATION OF SEA COASTAL WATER AREAS UNDER CLIMATIC AND ANTHROPOGENIC CHANGE

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina Mesenzeva ◽  
Irina Mesenzeva ◽  
Elena Sovga ◽  
Elena Sovga ◽  
Tatyana Khmara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anthropogenic Impact ◽  
Water Exchange ◽  
Water Area ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Ecological State ◽  
Anthropogenic Change ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Open Sea ◽  
Sevastopol Bay ◽  
Assimilation Capacity

The ability of a bay and gulf ecosystems to self-purification was estimated and the current ecological state of the Sevastopol Bay in whole and the separated parts of the bay was given as an example. A zoning by type of anthropogenic impact subject to the water exchange with the open sea and an influence of the Chernaya River run-off were taken into account. A comparative analysis of assimilation capacity of the most environmentally disadvantaged part of the Sevastopol Bay (the Southern Bay) and the clean water area, bordering on the open sea, was carried out. The hydrodynamic regime of the Sevastopol Bay was described using numerical modelling. The prospect, opportunity and examples of the methodology for assessing the assimilation capacity of marine ecosystems are demonstrated.

DISTRIBUTION OF DISSOLVED METHANE IN SURFACE COASTAL WATERS OF THE NORTHEASTERN PART OF THE BLACK SEA

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Kovaleva ◽  
Elena Kovaleva ◽  
Alexander Izhitskiy ◽  
Alexander Izhitskiy ◽  
Alexander Egorov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Natural Waters ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Methane Formation ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Russian Science ◽  
Southeastern Part ◽  
Dissolved Methane ◽  
Continental Runoff

Studying of methane formation and distribution in natural waters is important for understanding of biogeochemical processes of carbon cycle, searching for oil and gas sections and evaluation of CH4 emissions for investigations of greenhouse effect. The Black Sea is the largest methane water body on our planet. However, relatively low values of methane concentration (closed to equilibrium with the atmospheric air) are typical of the upper aerobic layer. At the same time, the distribution pattern of CH4 in surface waters of coastal areas is complicated by the influence of coastal biological productivity, continental runoff, bottom sources, hydrodynamic processes and anthropogenic effect. The investigation is focused on the spatial variability of dissolved methane in the surface layer of the sea in coastal regions affected by the continental runoff and anthropogenic pressure. Unique in situ data on methane concentrations were collected along the ship track on 2 sections between Sochi and Gelendzhik (2013, 2014) and 2 sections between Gelendzhik and Feodosia (2015). Overall 170 samples were obtained. Gas-chromatographic analysis of the samples revealed increase of CH4 saturation in the southeastern part of the Crimean shelf and the Kerch Strait area. Such a pattern was apparently caused by the influence of the Azov Sea water spread westward along the Crimean shore from the strait. This work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation, Project 14-50-00095 and the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, Project 16-35-00156 mol_a.

LUMINESCENCE OF THE BLACK SEA MICROSCOPIC FUNGI CULTURES

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Mashukova ◽  
Olga Mashukova ◽  
Yuriy Tokarev ◽  
Yuriy Tokarev ◽  
Nadejda Kopytina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Ethyl Alcohol ◽  
Light Emission ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Control Culture ◽  
Chemical Stimulation ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
The Given ◽  
First Time

We studied for the first time luminescence characteristics of the some micromycetes, isolated from the bottom sediments of the Black sea from the 27 m depth. Luminescence parameters were registered at laboratory complex “Svet” using mechanical and chemical stimulations. Fungi cultures of genera Acremonium, Aspergillus, Penicillium were isolated on ChDA medium which served as control. Culture of Penicillium commune gave no light emission with any kind of stimulation. Culture of Acremonium sp. has shown luminescence in the blue – green field of spectrum. Using chemical stimulation by fresh water we registered signals with luminescence energy (to 3.24 ± 0.11)•108 quantum•cm2 and duration up to 4.42 s, which 3 times exceeded analogous magnitudes in a group, stimulated by sea water (p < 0.05). Under chemical stimulation by ethyl alcohol fungi culture luminescence was not observed. Culture of Aspergillus fumigatus possessed the most expressed properties of luminescence. Stimulation by fresh water culture emission with energy of (3.35 ± 0.11)•108 quantum•cm2 and duration up to 4.96 s. Action of ethyl alcohol to culture also stimulated signals, but intensity of light emission was 3–4 times lower than under mechanical stimulation. For sure the given studies will permit not only to evaluate contribution of marine fungi into general bioluminescence of the sea, but as well to determine places of accumulation of opportunistic species in the sea.

SITE-SPECIFIC EQUATIONS OF STATE FOR COASTAL SEA AREAS AND INLAND WATER BODIES

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Andrulionis ◽  
Natalia Andrulionis ◽  
Ivan Zavialov ◽  
Ivan Zavialov ◽  
Elena Kovaleva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Equation Of State ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Equations Of State ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Ionic Composition ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Aral Sea ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Coastal Sea

This article presents a new method of laboratory density determination and construction equations of state for marine waters with various ionic compositions and salinities was developed. The validation of the method was performed using the Ocean Standard Seawater and the UNESCO thermodynamic equation of state (EOS-80). Density measurements of water samples from the Aral Sea, the Black Sea and the Issyk-Kul Lake were performed using a high-precision laboratory density meter. The obtained results were compared with the density values calculated for the considered water samples by the EOS-80 equation. It was shown that difference in ionic composition between Standard Seawater and the considered water bodies results in significant inaccuracies in determination of water density using the EOS-80 equation. Basing on the laboratory measurements of density under various salinity and temperature values we constructed a new equation of state for the Aral Sea and the Black Sea water samples and estimated errors for their coefficients.

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