scholarly journals Ovocidal action of glutaraldehyde and benzalkonium chloride mixture on Aonchotheca bovis (Nematoda, Capillariidae) embryogenesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-179
Author(s):  
V. V. Melnychuk ◽  
I. D. Yuskiv ◽  
M. А. Pishchalenko
Keyword(s):  
Benzalkonium Chloride ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Test Culture ◽  
Nematode Eggs ◽  
High Level ◽  
Laboratory Culturing ◽  
Mobile Larva ◽  
Test Cultures

Deinvasion, aimed at elimination of environmental exogenic stages of invasion agents and avoidance of their invasion to host organism, occupies an important place in the complex of sanitary and prophylactic activities against animal helminthosis diseases. Application of glutaraldehyde and benzalkonium chloride at vital activity and embryogenesis of Aonchotheca bovis (Schnyder, 1906) obtained from nematode female gonads was investigated with different concentration and exposures. Two test-cultures were used in the experiment. The first culture contained non-invasive eggs of A. bovis, the second contained invasive ones, obtained by the laboratory culturing of gonadic eggs until mobile larva maturing. It was established that glutaraldehyde and benzalkonium chloride mixture has a deinvasive capacity against A. bovis eggs, parasitizing on sheep. Ovocidal efficiency indexes appeared higher with use of the test culture against the non-invasive capillaria eggs’ test-culture. So, the high level of ovocidal efficiency of glutaraldehyde and benzalkonium chloride mixture against non-invasive A. bovis eggs culture was established at the concentration of 0.5% and exposure of 10–60 min (93.6–100.0%), and against the invasive A. bovis egg culture – at the concentration of 0.5% and exposure of 30 and 60 min (90.3–94.6%) and 1.0% at all exposures (100.0%). Ovocidal activity of the examined mixture was accompanied by specific morphological changes of nematode eggs structure. Destruction of the egg envelope, embryo loosening and decay and its dissolution were observed. Such changes are proved by metric indexes of width and length of capillaria eggs, envelope thickness and cap length, indicating the violation of embryogenesis of A. bovis. Thus, glutaraldehyde and benzalkonium chloride mixture of 1.0% concentration is a promising deinvasive agent suitable for effective fight against and prophylaxis of sheep-breeding nematodosis.

scholarly journals Disinvasive efficacy of chlorine-based preparations of domestic production for eggs of nematodes of the species Aonchotheca bovis parasitizing in sheep

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Melnychuk ◽  
I. Yuskiv
Keyword(s):  
Effective Means ◽  
Destructive Effect ◽  
Domestic Production ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Invasive Test ◽  
Test Culture ◽  
Nematode Eggs ◽  
Egg Shell ◽  
High Level

The paper presents the results of experimental researches on the determination of the disinvasion efficiency of chlorinated chemical preparations of domestic production of “Brovades-plus”, “Bi-dez” and “Dezsans” of NPF “Brovafarma” (Ukraine). The conducted researches on the basis of the parasitology laboratory found that the studied disinfectants possess disinvasive properties in respect of non-invasive test culture of eggs of nematodes of the species Aonchotheca bovis (son Capillaria bovis) López-Neyra, 1947, isolated from gonads of females of worms. The dissimilar stability of eggs of capillaries to the effect of the tested agents in vitro is proved. The most effective disinfectant in the case of eggs of capillaries of the species A. bovis was the preparation “Dezsan”. The high level of its disinvasive efficacy (DE – 91.14–100.0%) was registered at the application of the preparation in 1.0–2.0% of the exposure concentration for 10–60 minutes. The chemicals “Bi-dez” and “Brovadez-plus” proved to be less effective in the relatively non-invasive test culture of A. bovis eggs. The high level of efficiency (DE –92.41–100.00%) of the “Bi-dez” was achieved with its use at concentrations of 1.5% (exposure of 30 and 60 min) and 2.0% (exposure of 10–60 minutes) The “Brovadez plus” preparation in vitro proved to be the least effective means of non-invasive test culture of nematode eggs of the species A. bovis, since a high level of disinvasive efficacy (DE – 100.00%) was achieved only with the use of 2.0% solution per exposure 10–60 min. It was established that the experimentally tested chlorine-based means of domestic production resulted in the death of eggs in the culture in due to the destructive effect of the components of the preparations on the shell, the caps of eggs of the capillaries, as well as on the germ in the middle of the egg. In experimental cultures treated with the means, the destruction of the shell of the egg in the location of the caps, the exit of morulae outside, the cessation of development or shrinkage of the embryo and deformation of the egg shell were recorded.

scholarly journals Urgent ultrasonographic diagnostics in acute traumatic abdominal conditions: Urgent ultrasound in abdominal trauma

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 81-90
Author(s):  
Dragan Vasin ◽  
Aleksandar Pavlović ◽  
Milica Stojadinović ◽  
Tijana Tomić ◽  
Jelica Vukmirović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Abdominal Trauma ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Radiological Examination ◽  
Volume Status ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Abdominal Organs ◽  
Condition Evaluation

Clearly defined protocols and multidisciplinary approach present a milestone for patients' condition evaluation. Ultrasound is a fast, accessible, non-invasive and repeatable radiological examination and has an important place in the trauma algorithms. It detects trauma of parenchymal and hollow abdominal organs, hematoperitoneum, and helps in the assessment of volume status. Ultrasound in trauma is performed according to the Focused Assessment with Sonography for the Trauma (FAST) protocol or as a standard ultrasonographic examination of the abdomen and can be repeated to monitor morphological changes due to indications for emergency surgical treatment.

scholarly journals Methionine Diet Evoked Hyperhomocysteinemia Causes Hippocampal Alterations, Metabolomics Plasma Changes and Behavioral Pattern in Wild Type Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 4961
Author(s):  
Maria Kovalska ◽  
Eva Baranovicova ◽  
Dagmar Kalenska ◽  
Anna Tomascova ◽  
Marian Adamkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Brain Area ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽  
Behavioral Pattern ◽  
Cell Physiology ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
High Level ◽  
Hippocampal Alterations ◽  
The Impact

L-methionine, an essential amino acid, plays a critical role in cell physiology. High intake and/or dysregulation in methionine (Met) metabolism results in accumulation of its intermediate(s) or breakdown products in plasma, including homocysteine (Hcy). High level of Hcy in plasma, hyperhomocysteinemia (hHcy), is considered to be an independent risk factor for cerebrovascular diseases, stroke and dementias. To evoke a mild hHcy in adult male Wistar rats we used an enriched Met diet at a dose of 2 g/kg of animal weight/day in duration of 4 weeks. The study contributes to the exploration of the impact of Met enriched diet inducing mild hHcy on nervous tissue by detecting the histo-morphological, metabolomic and behavioural alterations. We found an altered plasma metabolomic profile, modified spatial and learning memory acquisition as well as remarkable histo-morphological changes such as a decrease in neurons’ vitality, alterations in the morphology of neurons in the selective vulnerable hippocampal CA 1 area of animals treated with Met enriched diet. Results of these approaches suggest that the mild hHcy alters plasma metabolome and behavioural and histo-morphological patterns in rats, likely due to the potential Met induced changes in “methylation index” of hippocampal brain area, which eventually aggravates the noxious effect of high methionine intake.

scholarly journals Among the shapeshifters: parasite-induced morphologies in ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) and their relevance within the EcoEvoDevo framework

EvoDevo ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Laciny
Keyword(s):  
Social Insects ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Evolutionary Developmental Biology ◽  
Caste Differentiation ◽  
Natural Experiments ◽  
Evolutionary Mechanisms ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Caste Evolution ◽  
High Level ◽  
Host Development

AbstractAs social insects, ants represent extremely interaction-rich biological systems shaped by tightly integrated social structures and constant mutual exchange with a multitude of internal and external environmental factors. Due to this high level of ecological interconnection, ant colonies can harbour a diverse array of parasites and pathogens, many of which are known to interfere with the delicate processes of ontogeny and caste differentiation and induce phenotypic changes in their hosts. Despite their often striking nature, parasite-induced changes to host development and morphology have hitherto been largely overlooked in the context of ecological evolutionary developmental biology (EcoEvoDevo). Parasitogenic morphologies in ants can, however, serve as “natural experiments” that may shed light on mechanisms and pathways relevant to host development, plasticity or robustness under environmental perturbations, colony-level effects and caste evolution. By assessing case studies of parasites causing morphological changes in their ant hosts, from the eighteenth century to current research, this review article presents a first overview of relevant host and parasite taxa. Hypotheses about the underlying developmental and evolutionary mechanisms, and open questions for further research are discussed. This will contribute towards highlighting the importance of parasites of social insects for both biological theory and empirical research and facilitate future interdisciplinary work at the interface of myrmecology, parasitology, and the EcoEvoDevo framework.

P–582 High level of concordance between invasive and non-invasive preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidies (niPGT-A) at day5 and day6–7

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Biricik ◽  
V Bianchi ◽  
F Lecciso ◽  
M Surdo ◽  
M Manno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Embryo Culture ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Embryo Biopsy ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Culture Time ◽  
Ngs Data Analysis ◽  
High Level ◽  
Ngs Data

Abstract Study question To explore ploidy concordance between invasive and non-invasive PGTA (niPGT-A) at different embryo culture time. Summary answer High level (>84%) of concordance rate for ploidy and sex, sensitivity (>88%), and specificity (76%) were obtained for both day6/7 samples and day5 samples. What is known already The analysis of embryo cell free DNA (cfDNA) that are released into culture media during in vitro embryo development has the potential to evaluate embryo ploidy status. However, obtaining sufficient quality and quantity of cfDNA is essential to achieve interpretable results for niPGT-A. More culture time is expected to be directly proportional to the release of more cfDNA. But embryo culture time is limited due to in-vitro embryo survival potential. Therefore, it is important to estimate the duration of the culture that will provide the maximum cfDNA that can be obtained without adversely affecting the development of the embryo. Study design, size, duration A total of 105 spent culture media (SCM) from day5-day7 blastocyst stage embryos have been included in this cohort study. The cfDNA of SCM samples were amplified and analyzed for niPGT-A by NGS analysis. The SCM samples were divided into 2 subgroups according the embryo culture hours (Day5 and Day6/7 group). The DNA concentration, informativity and euploidy results have then been compared with their corresponding embryos after trophectoderm biopsy (TE) and PGT-A analysis by NGS Participants/materials, setting, methods Embryos cultured until Day3 washed and cultured again in 20µl fresh culture media until embryo biopsy on Day5, 6, or 7. After biopsy SCM samples were immediately collected in PCR tubes and conserved at –20 °C until whole genome amplification by MALBAC® (Yicon Genomics). The TE and SCM samples were analyzed by next-generation sequencing (NGS) using Illumina MiSeq® System. NGS data analysis has been done by Bluefuse Multi Software 4.5 (Illumina) for SCM and TE samples Main results and the role of chance Only the SCM samples which have an embryo with a conclusive result were included in this cohort (n = 105). Overall 97.1% (102/105) of SCM samples gave a successful DNA amplification with a concentration ranging 32.4–128.5ng/µl. Non-informative (NI) results including a chaotic profile (>5 chromosome aneuploidies) were observed in 17 samples, so 83.3%(85/102) of SCM samples were informative for NGS data analysis. Ploidy concordance rate with the corresponding TE biopsies (euploid vs euploid, aneuploid vs aneuploid) was 84.7% (72/85). Sensitivity and specificity were 92,8% and 76,7%, respectively with no significant difference for all parameters for day 6/7 samples compared with day 5 samples. The false-negative rate was 3.5% (3/85), and false-positive rate was 11.7% (10/85). Limitations, reasons for caution The sample size is relatively small. Larger prospective studies are needed. As this is a single-center study, the impact of the variations in embryo culture conditions can be underestimated. Maternal DNA contamination risk cannot be revealed in SCM, therefore the use of molecular markers would increase the reliability. Wider implications of the findings: Non-invasive analysis of embryo cfDNA analyzed in spent culture media demonstrates high concordance with TE biopsy results in both early and late culture time. A non-invasive approach for aneuploidy screening offers important advantages such as avoiding invasive embryo biopsy and decreased cost, potentially increasing accessibility for a wider patient population. Trial registration number Not applicable

scholarly journals Deep Learning Based BCI Control of a Robotic Service Assistant Using Intelligent Goal Formulation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Kuhner ◽  
L.D.J. Fiederer ◽  
J. Aldinger ◽  
F. Burget ◽  
M. Völker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
User Study ◽  
Human Robot Interaction ◽  
Service Robots ◽  
Referring Expressions ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Neuronal Signal ◽  
High Level ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
Robotic Tasks

AbstractAs autonomous service robots become more affordable and thus available for the general public, there is a growing need for user-friendly interfaces to control these systems. Control interfaces typically get more complicated with increasing complexity of the robotic tasks and the environment. Traditional control modalities as touch, speech or gesture commands are not necessarily suited for all users. While non-expert users can make the effort to familiarize themselves with a robotic system, paralyzed users may not be capable of controlling such systems even though they need robotic assistance most. In this paper, we present a novel framework, that allows these users to interact with a robotic service assistant in a closed-loop fashion, using only thoughts. The system is composed of several interacting components: non-invasive neuronal signal recording and co-adaptive deep learning which form the brain-computer interface (BCI), high-level task planning based on referring expressions, navigation and manipulation planning as well as environmental perception. We extensively evaluate the BCI in various tasks, determine the performance of the goal formulation user interface and investigate its intuitiveness in a user study. Furthermore, we demonstrate the applicability and robustness of the system in real world scenarios, considering fetch-and-carry tasks and tasks involving human-robot interaction. As our results show, the system is capable of adapting to frequent changes in the environment and reliably accomplishes given tasks within a reasonable amount of time. Combined with high-level planning using referring expressions and autonomous robotic systems, interesting new perspectives open up for non-invasive BCI-based human-robot interactions.

scholarly journals An ABC transporter Wzm–Wzt catalyzes translocation of lipid-linked galactan across the plasma membrane in mycobacteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (17) ◽  
pp. e2023663118
Author(s):  
Karin Savková ◽  
Stanislav Huszár ◽  
Peter Baráth ◽  
Zuzana Pakanová ◽  
Stanislav Kozmon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Abc Transporter ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
Mycolic Acids ◽  
Cell Wall Biogenesis ◽  
Covalently Linked ◽  
High Level

Mycobacterium tuberculosis, one of the deadliest pathogens in human history, is distinguished by a unique, multilayered cell wall, which offers the bacterium a high level of protection from the attacks of the host immune system. The primary structure of the cell wall core, composed of covalently linked peptidoglycan, branched heteropolysaccharide arabinogalactan, and mycolic acids, is well known, and numerous enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of its components are characterized. The cell wall biogenesis takes place at both cytoplasmic and periplasmic faces of the plasma membrane, and only recently some of the specific transport systems translocating the metabolic intermediates between these two compartments have been characterized [M. Jackson, C. M. Stevens, L. Zhang, H. I. Zgurskaya, M. Niederweis, Chem. Rev., 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00869 (2020)]. In this work, we use CRISPR interference methodology in Mycobacterium smegmatis to functionally characterize an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter involved in the translocation of galactan precursors across the plasma membrane. We show that genetic knockdown of the transmembrane subunit of the transporter results in severe morphological changes and the accumulation of an aberrantly long galactan precursor. Based on similarities with structures and functions of specific O-antigen ABC transporters of gram-negative bacteria [C. Whitfield, D. M. Williams, S. D. Kelly, J. Biol. Chem. 295, 10593-10609 (2020)], we propose a model for coupled synthesis and export of the galactan polymer precursor in mycobacteria.

Abstract WP432: Non-invasive Respiratory Impedance Enhances Cerebral Perfusion

Stroke ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher G Favilla ◽  
Ashwin B Parthasarathy ◽  
John A Detre ◽  
Michael T Mullen ◽  
Scott E Kasner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Cerebral Perfusion ◽  
Respiratory Impedance ◽  
Mean Flow ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
End Tidal ◽  
High Level ◽  
Mean Flow Velocity

Background: Optimization of cerebral blood flow is the cornerstone of clinical management in a number of neurologic diseases, most notably ischemic stroke. Intra-thoracic pressure influences cardiac output and has the potential to impact cerebral blood flow (CBF). Here we aim to quantify cerebral hemodynamic changes in response to increased respiratory impedance using a non-invasive respiratory device. Methods: Cerebral perfusion was measured under varying levels of respiratory impedance (6cm H 2 0, 9cm H 2 0, and 12 cm H 2 0) in 20 healthy volunteers. Simultaneous measurements of microvascular CBF and middle cerebral artery mean flow velocity (MFV), respectively, were performed with optical diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) and transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD). Results: At the high level of respiratory impedance, mean flow velocity increased by 6.4% compared to baseline (p=0.004), but changes in cortical CBF were smaller and non-significant (Figure). Heart rate, cardiac output, respiratory rate, and end tidal CO 2 remained stable during all levels of respiratory impedance. There was small increase in mean arterial blood pressure, 1.7% (p=0.006), at the high level of respiratory impedance. In a multivariable linear regression model accounting for end tidal CO 2 and individual variability, respiratory impedance was associated with increases in both mean flow velocity (coefficient: 0.49, p<0.001) and cortical CBF (coefficient: 0.13, p<0.001). Conclusions: Manipulating intrathoracic pressure via non-invasive respiratory impedance was well tolerated and produced a small but measurable increase in cerebral perfusion in healthy individuals. Future studies in acute ischemic stroke patients with impaired cerebral autoregulation is warranted in order to assess whether respiratory impedance is feasible as a novel non-invasive therapy for stroke.

scholarly journals Changes in stage–flow relation of the East River, the Pearl River basin: causes and implications

2012 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 737-746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Zhang ◽  
Kun Li ◽  
Vijay P. Singh ◽  
Xiaohong Chen ◽  
Jianfeng Li
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Flood Control ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
River Channel ◽  
Pearl River Basin ◽  
Abrupt Decrease ◽  
East River ◽  
The Pearl River ◽  
High Level

Water level and streamflow extracted from 891 hydrological episodes from both dry and flood seasons covering a period of 1954–2009 were analyzed to investigate stage–flow relations. Results indicate the following. (1) Since the early 1990s the low/high flow is increasing/decreasing. The water level, particularly the high level, is consistently decreasing. An abrupt decrease of water level is observed since the early 1990s at the lower East River. (2) Stage–streamflow relation is usually stable in the river reach with no significant bedform morphological changes. Changes in the geometric shape of the river channel are the major cause of the change in the stage–streamflow relation. (3) An abrupt decrease of water level at the Boluo station is mainly the result of abnormally rapid downcutting of the riverbed due to extensive sand dredging within the channel which caused serious headwater erosion. This human-induced modification by downcutting of the river channel may lead to significant hydrological alterations and may have critical implications for flood control, conservation of eco-environment, and also for basin-wide water resources management in the lower East River basin.

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