scholarly journals Effect of Cameraria ohridella feeding on Aesculus hippocastanum photosynthesis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 346-352
Author(s):  
K. K. Holoborodko ◽  
O. V. Seliutina ◽  
I. A. Ivanko ◽  
A. A. Alexeyeva ◽  
M. V. Shulman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Calvin Cycle ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Fluorescence Induction ◽  
The State ◽  
Leaf Miner ◽  
Aesculus Hippocastanum ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Induction ◽  
Horse Chestnut ◽  
Feeding Effect

The complex of invasive species of phytophagous insects that can adapt to novel living conditions is constantly increasing. The ecological effect of their vital activity in the new environment is almost impossible to predict. As a result, invasions undesirable in the economic sense are often observed. The horse -chestnut leaf miner (Cameraria ohridella Deschka & Dimič, 1986, Gracillariidae) is one of these problematic invader species in the introduced range of the horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum (Linnaeus, 1753), Sapindaceae). We studied the effect of C. ohridella on the state of the photosynthetic apparatus in Ae. hippocastanum leaves. Photosynthesis is the one of the processes most vulnerable to stress factors, so information about the state of photosynthetic apparatus in a plant under the influence of phytophage feeding obtained with fluorescence analysis can be significant. The feeding effect of C. ohridella caterpillars on the functional state and activity of Ae. hippocastanum photosynthetic apparatus was studied. We studied critical parameters of chlorophyll fluorescence induction reflecting the effect of a single C. ohridella generation (feeding the caterpillar for the five stages of this species’ development) on the functional links of the photosystem II in Ae. hippocastanum leaves. The data obtained show a decrease in PS II quantum efficiency (inhibition of photosynthetic activity) in the leaves from different parts of the crown; it suggests the destructive effect of C. ohridella caterpillar feeding on Ae. hippocastanum photosynthetic apparatus. Values of all key parameters of chlorophyll fluorescence indication evidence inhibition of photophysical and photochemical processes of photosynthesis and impaired coherence of Calvin cycle reactions. Study of the feeding effect of C. ohridella caterpillars on the efficiency of the main enzyme in the Calvin cycle (which closely correlates with the coefficient of fluorescence induction that characterizes the efficiency of dark photosynthetic processes) showed a significant decrease in its activity in the leaves of both the illuminated and shaded parts of the crown. Our study has shown that the method of chlorophyll fluorescence induction allows one to determine the general state of a plant in an express regime by evaluating the main process of plant life as photosynthesis. Analysis of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters is a powerful and effective tool for determining the effect of phytophages on the plant body. The obtained data allow us to apply the method of analyzing chlorophyll fluorescence induction in practice to establish the physiological state of tree flora in forests and garden farms.

scholarly journals Assessment of the impact of horse-chestnut leaf miner (Cameraria ohridella Deschka & Dimič, 1986) on photosynthesis of common horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum Linnaeus, 1753)

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-15
Author(s):  
K. K. Holoborodko ◽  
A. A. Alekseeva ◽  
O. V. Seliutina ◽  
V. A. Gorban
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Leaf Miner ◽  
Aesculus Hippocastanum ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Induction ◽  
Horse Chestnut ◽  
Vital Activity ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters ◽  
The Impact

The article presents the results of studies on Cameraria ohridella Deschka & Dimič, 1986 feeding on the state of the photosynthetic apparatus in Aesculus hippocastanum Linnaeus, 1753. The studies were carried out in June 2019 (during the life of C. ohridella first generation) on the territory of the Botanical Garden of the Oles Honchar Dnipro National University. Photosynthesis is one of the processes most susceptible to stress factors; important information on state of the photosynthetic apparatus in plants under influence of various abiotic and biotic factors can be obtained by fluorescence analysis. Chlorophyll fluorescence is an indicator that allow to investigate a behavior of photochemical reactions related to system II (PSII) in living objects as an indicator the most sensitive to effect of environmental factors. One of the effective methods for plant state monitoring is a technique on chlorophyll fluorescence induction (CFI) measurement, which at the present stage can be introduced due to the use of biosensors. The objective of our study was to establish characteristics of C. ohridella vital activity on the photosynthesis process in A. hippocastanum trees using CFI evaluation technique. To diagnose photosynthesis violation of native chlorophyll in a living leaf of A. hippocastanum, we used a portable fluorometer “Floratest” (spectral range for measuring fluorescence intensity 670 to 770 nm) developed by V. M. Glushkov Institute of Cybernetics of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. The studies were conducted using alive A. hippocastanum leaves not damaged by C. ohridella and, accordingly, the damaged ones. Analysis of the data obtained showed that the worm feeding affects all CFI parameters (initial CFI value (non-damaged leaf: 582 relative units, damaged: 264); “plateau” CFI value (1460 to 722); maximum CFI (1890 to 940) and stationary CFI value after light adaptation of the leaf (1530 to 746)). Our studies have shown that CFI technique using “Floratest” apparatus allow express determining the general condition of the plant by assessing the main process of vital activity, namely photosynthesis. Analysis of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters is a powerful and effective tool for determining the phytophage effect on the plant.

scholarly journals Impact of negative temperatures on the state of the photosynthetic apparatus of evergreen species of Osmanthus Lour. genus

2020 ◽  
pp. 133-138
Author(s):  
T. B. Gubanova
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Dissociation ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Fluorescence Decay ◽  
Fluorescence Induction ◽  
The State ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Induction ◽  
Evergreen Species ◽  
Resistant Species ◽  
Negative Temperatures

The results of studies of photosynthetic processes in annual leaves of two species of the genus Osmanthus - Osmanthus x fortunei and O. fragrans in the cold period on the Southern coast of the Crimea and under the controlled action of negative temperatures are presented. It is shown that the main parameters of chlorophyll fluorescence induction (CFI) in annual leaves of O. x fortunei was relatively more stable during the winter months compared to O. fragrans . The effect of temperature -8,0°C for 8 hours on the leaves of the species in O. fragrans caused a decrease in the fluorescence decay coefficient to the lower limit of the norm of vitality and a significant increase in the processes of thermal dissociation of light energy. It is established that the temperature is -10°C is critical for the leaves of O. fragrans , which indicates its lower frost resistance. Changes in the state of PSII depend on both the duration and intensity of low-temperature exposure. It was found that for the more resistant species of O. x fortunei a relatively long-term effect of -10,0°C and a short one of -8,0°C temperature have a similar effect on the state of the photosynthetic apparatus, which is probably due to the activation of protective mechanisms.

scholarly journals Field Study of the Effects of Two Different Environmental Conditions on Wheat Productivity and Chlorophyll Fluorescence Induction (OJIP) Parameters

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1154
Author(s):  
Valentina Spanic ◽  
Selma Mlinaric ◽  
Zvonimir Zdunic ◽  
Zorana Katanic
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Fluorescence Induction ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Induction ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Blight Disease

Wheat is one of the main cereal crops for ensuring food supply. Thus, increasing grain yield is a major target for plant breeders, where insights into wheat productivity can be gained by studying the activity of the components of photosynthetic apparatus. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the agronomical performance of three winter wheat varieties and test photosynthetic efficiency over two different locations. Chlorophyll fluorescence was used to evaluate the maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (PSII) (TR0/ABS) and performance index on absorption basis (PIabs) of flag leaves and glumes of heads at the flowering stage until the mid-senescence stage. The grain yield of all varieties on average was significantly higher at Osijek compared to Tovarnik. Variety Tika Taka exhibited the highest yield reduction (27.1%) at Tovarnik compared to Osijek, followed by El Nino (20.5%) and Vulkan (18.7%), respectively. A higher amount of precipitation in June at Tovarnik provoked higher Fusarium head blight disease intensity, which could be seen as the bleaching of plant heads at the plots and resulted in an earlier decrease in photosynthetic activity. Therefore, earlier senescence and contracted grain fill duration could occur.

scholarly journals The Effect of Sugar Beet Broadleaf Herbicides on Fluorescence Induction Curves in Amaranthus retroflexus L. and Portulaca oleracea L.

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 433-442
Author(s):  
Ali Asghar CHITBAND ◽  
Reza GHORBANI ◽  
Mohammad Hassan RASHED MOHASSEL ◽  
Mahbubeh NABIZADE
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Fluorescence Induction ◽  
Portulaca Oleracea ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Induction ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Fluorescence Measurements ◽  
Kautsky Curve

Chlorophyll fluorescence analysis is a simple and rapid method for detecting herbicide effects after a short time following their application in photosynthetic apparatus in plants. Chlorophyll fluorescence measurements were carried out against two broad of weeds to describe how the Kautsky curve and its parameters were affected by herbicides. Desmedipham + phenmedipham + ethofumesate changed the chlorophyll fluorescence induction curve at all time intervals except four hours after spring (HAS) in Amaranthus retroflexus L. and at all doses of Portulaca oleracea L. 4 HAS. In contrast, chlorophyll fluorescence inhibition was evident by chloridazon at doses of 650 and 325 g a.i. ha-1 in P. oleracea and A. retroflexus respectively, for all time intervals. Furthermore, chlorophyll fluorescence decays only occurred by clopyralid in A. retroflexus at the highest dose. A biomass effective dose (ED50 and/or ED90) based on log-logistic dose-response curves for A. retroflexus were considerably higher than that of P. oleracea. The maximum quantum efficiency (FV/Fm) was stable, whereas the relative changes at the J step (Fvj) and area (the area between the Kautsky curve and the maximum fluorescence (Fm)) was more sensitive to all three herbicides. There was a relatively good correlation between fluorescence parameters taken 24 hours after the spraying and the dry matter taken three weeks later, for both species under study.

scholarly journals Diagnosis of the functional state of the photosynthetic apparatus Taraxacum officinale (L.) Weber ex F. H. Wigg. by the method of chlorophyll fluorescence induction

2021 ◽  
pp. 201-206
Author(s):  
M. Y. Mazura ◽  
N. V. Miroshnyk ◽  
I. K. Teslenko
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Taraxacum Officinale ◽  
Fluorescence Induction ◽  
Maximum Intensity ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Induction ◽  
Anthropogenic Influence ◽  
Induction Curve ◽  
Different Levels

The informativeness is established of the method of induction of chlorophyll fluorescence for bioindication in the conditions of anthropogenic influence on the example of T. officinale plants, by the parameters: F0, Fm, Fst, Fv, Fv/Fm та k1, k2. The main parameters of the induction curve can be used as test indicators to determine the resistance of plants to adverse factors. Changes in these indicators characterize the processes associated with the influence of the environment on the course of both light and dark phases of photosynthetic processes in chloroplasts. The photosensitivity of T. offic- inale leaves, which indicates the physiological state of plants, decreases with increasing adverse external influences. It is established that the plants of T. officinale have the maximum intensity of photosynthesis, which grow in more favorable ecological conditions control. Therefore, the use of the device «Floratest» to determine the condition of plants at different levels of anthropogenic load is promising and requires further research.

Formation of the gooseberry (Grossularia uva-crispa (L.) Mill.) plants productivity depending on the photosynthetic apparatus functional state

2021 ◽  
pp. 139-150
Author(s):  
O.T. Lagutenko ◽  
◽  
V.A. Kryvoshapka ◽  
V.V. Grysha ◽  
O.F. Denysiuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Functional State ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Background Level ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Fluorescence Induction ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Induction ◽  
Intensity Level ◽  
Potential Productivity ◽  
Level Indicator

The authors present the results of determining the functional state of the four gooseberry cultivars (Izumrud, Bezshypnyi, Neslukhivskyi and Krasen) plants leaves indices dynamics during the vegetation period applying the chlorophyll fluorescence induction and establishment of the correlations between the photosynthesis intensity and primary crop. Researched cvs differ concerning the genetic origin, usage, are characterized with different ripening rates, resistance to diseases and negative environmental factors. The laboratory study of the chlorophyll fluorescence induction change in the leaves was carried out in the Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Microbiology of the Institute of Horticulture of NAAS of Ukraine using the portable fluorometer "Floratest". The data of the investigation prove that the plants of the varieties Neslukhivskyi and Izumrud have higher photosynthetic potential and are more adaptive to the negative environmental conditions. The high primary fluorescence intensity level as well as higher indexes of the maximum fluorescence and stationary level indicate greater energy losses when it migrates to the reactionary centres. This means that the pigment complex includes more chlorophyll molecules which are not connected with the reactionary centres and do not take part in the charge division. These indices indicate the high potential productivity of the plants of the cultivars Neslukhivskyi and Izumrud that reflect themselves on the Kautsky induction curve. Suppose, those cvs can be potential source of the higher photosynthetic apparatus productivity. Under the similar soil and climatic conditions the Neslukhivskyi plants prove to be more productive as compared to the rest of the studied varieties. The correlation analysis has proved that the productivity of the explored cultivars is effected most considerably by the fluorescence background level indicator and coefficient of correlation between the rising and variable fluorescence. The photosynthetic activity determines the biological productivity and shows the crop potential abilities as regards the harvest formation, therefore the correlation between the leaves chlorophyll fluorescence induction indices and gooseberry yield which we have revealed enables to recommend ‘Izumrud’ and ‘Neslukhivskyi’ for the wide use in the industrial small fruit growing.

Fluorescence as a tool in photosynthesis research: application in studies of photoinhibition, cold acclimation and freezing stress

1989 ◽  
Vol 323 (1216) ◽  
pp. 281-293 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Yield ◽  
Cold Acclimation ◽  
Spinacia Oleracea ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Fluorescence Induction ◽  
High Light ◽  
Thermal Dissipation ◽  
Freezing Stress ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Induction ◽  
Freezing And Thawing

Chlorophyll fluorescence induction (at 20 °C and 77 K) and quenching were analysed in relation to effects of environmental stresses imposed by chilling in high light and by freezing and thawing of spinach ( Spinacia oleracea L.) leaves. The data indicate that cold acclimation of spinach plants, which leads to increased frost tolerance of the leaves, results in decreased susceptibility to photoinhibition of photosynthesis at chilling temperatures. When plants acclimated to 18 °C and 260-300 µmol quanta m -2 s -1 were exposed to higher light (550 µmol quanta m -2 s -1 ) at 4 °C, they developed strong photoinhibition, as characterized by decreased quantum yield of O 2 evolution and decreased ratio of variable: maximum fluorescence (F V /F M ) of photosystem II. The decrease in F V /F M resulted from a decline in F V and an increase in F 0 . The F V /F M ratio was lowered to a significantly greater extent when induction was recorded at 20 °C, as compared with 77 K. The effects related to photoinhibition were fully reversible at 18 °C in dim light. Plants that had been cold-acclimated for 10 days exhibited slightly decreased quantum yield and lowered F V /F M ratio. However, they did not show further photoinhibition on exposure to 550 µmol quanta m -2 s -1 at 4 °C. The reversible photoinhibition is discussed as a protective pathway serving for thermal dissipation of excessive light energy. It is hypothesized that such a mechanism prevents destruction of the photosynthetic apparatus, until other means of protection become effective during long-term acclimation to high light. Inhibition of photosynthetic carbon assimilation caused by freezing and thawing of leaves in the dark was closely correlated with inhibition of photochemical fluorescence quenching (q Q ). As a sensitive response of the thylakoid membranes to freezing stress, the energy-dependent quenching, q E , was inhibited. Only more severe impact of freezing caused a significant decline in the F V /F M ratio. It is concluded that measurements of fluorescence induction signals ( F V /F M ratios) provide a sensitive tool with which to investigate photoinhibition, whereas freezing damage to the photosynthetic system can be detected more readily by the quenching coefficients q Q and q E than by F V /F M ratios.

Automatic identification of crop and weed species with chlorophyll fluorescence induction curves

2010 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 546-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esa Tyystjärvi ◽  
Michael Nørremark ◽  
Heta Mattila ◽  
Mika Keränen ◽  
Marja Hakala-Yatkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Fluorescence Induction ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Induction ◽  
Automatic Identification ◽  
Weed Species
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