scholarly journals Effect of herbicides and surfactants on enzymes of energy metabolism in European carp

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 948-952
Author(s):  
B.V. Yakovenko ◽  
O.P. Tretyak ◽  
O.B. Mekhed ◽  
O.V. Iskevych
Keyword(s):  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Isocitrate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Synthetic Detergent ◽  
Sodium Lauryl Sulfate ◽  
White Muscle ◽  
Lauryl Sulfate ◽  
Activity Of Enzymes ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase ◽  
The Brain

<p>The effect of herbicides (2,4-D, Roundup, Senkor) and surfactant sodium lauryl sulfate (pure and as part of detergents) on enzymes of energy pathways in the scaly carp's body was studied. Gills, brain, liver and white muscle were selected for the analysis. To determine the levels of activity of enzymes in energy metabolism, lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.49) in the cytoplasmic fraction and isocitrate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.42) in the mitochondrial fraction were studied. The research found that sodium lauryl sulfate, both pure and in a synthetic detergent, increase the activity of enzymes in all experimental groups. Effect of herbicides was ambiguous. Under the influence of Sencor the activity of enzymes increases in all tissues. Roundup causes inhibition of enzymes in the brain, but there is an increase in the activity of enzymes in other tissues under the influence of this toxicant. The influence of 2,4-D causes increased activity of isocitrate dehydrogenase in all experimental groups, as well as the activity of lactate dehydrogenase in the brain and the liver increases, whereas in gills and white muscle it decreases. The activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase by the impact of 2,4-D was decreased only in the liver, in other groups - was increased. The investigations may be evidence of adaptive alterations in energy metabolism aimed at the survival of fish under conditions of herbicides and surfactants toxic effects. Also increase the activity of enzymes can be related to detoxification processes occurring in the body and require additional energy consumption. The article presents the results of the study of the influence of herbicides (2,4-D, Zenkor, Roundup) and surfactant the sodium laurylsulfate (pure and as a part of the synthetic detergent) on the activity of lactate dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in the liver, gills, brain and white muscle of scaly carp (<em>Cyprinus carpio</em> L.). Human impact on water forcing fish to use various mechanisms of adaptation to the changed environmental conditions. Knowledge about the features of the receipt, distribution, accumulation of xenobiotics in organs and tissues, biochemical changes as a result of poisoning can be used to find out the mechanisms of fish's adaptation to toxicants, for identify the causes of death of hydrobionts in natural waters and to justify methods of controlling environmental pollution. The results of the research show that the influence of herbicides and surfactants causes significant changes in the processes of energy metabolism of scaly carp.</p>

scholarly journals ВМІСТ ФОСФОЛІПІДІВ У ТКАНИНАХ КОРОПА ЛУCКАТОГО (CYPRINUS CARPIO L.) ЗА ДІЇ НАТРІЙ ЛАУРИЛСУЛЬФАТВМІСНОГО ТА БЕЗФОСФАТНОГО СИНТЕТИЧНИХ МИЮЧИХ ЗАСОБІВ

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-52
Author(s):  
M. G. Yachna ◽  
O. B. Meched ◽  
O. P. Tretyak ◽  
B. V. Yakovenko
Keyword(s):  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Synthetic Detergent ◽  
Sodium Lauryl Sulfate ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lauryl Sulfate ◽  
Biological Laws ◽  
Aquarium Water ◽  
Experimental Introduction ◽  
The Brain

The biological laws of adaptation of fish to the action of surfactants are studied. Changes in the content of phospholipids in the gills, brain, liver and skeletal muscle of the scaly carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) under the influence of sodium lauryl sulfate and nonphosphate synthetic detergent have been studied. Ambiguous mediated changes in indicators were identified under the action of toxicants. Such changes can be caused by both the direct action of surfactants on the body of hydrobionts and the peculiar restructuring of the lipid bichar in the direction of counteracting the influence of toxicants. With the experimental introduction of sodium lauryl sulfate-containing synthetic detergent and non-phosphate synthetic detergent into aquarium water, changes in the activity of phospholipids occur in all test tissues of the carp. When applying lauryl sulfate, we observe almost uniform effect on all investigated fabrics. With the tendency to increase, we observe indicators in the brain and white muscles, but with a tendency to decrease in the liver and gills. As for the effect of lauryl sulfate on the tissue, we observe the greatest importance in the liver tissues and uniform effect on the white muscle, brain and gills of the carp.

scholarly journals Regional enzyme development in rat brain. Enzymes associated with glucose utilization

1984 ◽  
Vol 218 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
S F Leong ◽  
J B Clark
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Rat Brain ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Glycolytic Enzyme ◽  
Glycolytic Potential ◽  
Key Enzyme ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Potential Enzyme Activity ◽  
The Brain

The development of key enzyme activities concerned with glucose metabolism was studied in six regions of the rat brain in animals from just before birth (-2 days) through the neonatal and suckling period until adulthood (60 days old). The brain regions studied were the cerebellum, medulla oblongata and pons, hypothalamus, striatum, mid-brain and cortex. The enzymes whose developmental patterns were investigated were hexokinase (EC 2.7.1.1), aldolase (EC 4.1.2.13), lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.49). Hexokinase, aldolase and lactate dehydrogenase activities develop as a single cluster in all the regions studied, although the timing of this development varies from region to region. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity, however, declines relative to glycolytic enzyme activity as the brain matures. When the different brain regions are compared, it is clear that the medulla develops its glycolytic potential, as indicated by its potential enzyme activity, considerably earlier than the other regions (hypothalamus, striatum and mid-brain), with the cortex and cerebellar activities developing even later. This enzyme developmental sequence correlates well with the neurophylogenetic development of the brain and adds support to the hypothesis that the development of the potential for glycolysis in the brain is a necessary prerequisite for the development of neurological competence.

NADP-linked dehydrogenases in secreted milk

1985 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 501-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murray R. Grigor ◽  
Peter E. Hartmann
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Malate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Isocitrate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Malic Enzyme ◽  
Prolonged Storage ◽  
Phosphogluconate Dehydrogenase ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Accurate Reflection

SUMMARYThe activities of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, malic enzyme, lactate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase have been determined in secreted milk from sows, rats and rabbits. Within each species, although there was considerable variation in the absolute activities of these enzymes, the relative activities were similar to those observed for, or previously published for mammary homogenates. The only exception was milk glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase which tended to lose activity upon prolonged storage in the mammary gland. These results suggest that the pattern of milk enzymes can be an accurate reflection of that occurring in the mammary gland.

scholarly journals Adaptation of the small intestine during pregnancy and lactation in the rat

1979 ◽  
Vol 184 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Burdett ◽  
C Reek
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Isocitrate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Mucosal Epithelium ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Enzyme Change ◽  
Specific Activities ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

During pregnancy and lactation in the rat the small intestine in general and the mucosal epithelium in particular gain weight. The specific activities of sucrase, lactate dehydrogenase and succinate-tetrazolium reductase remain constant and those of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase and isocitrate dehydrogenase increase. There is no evidence that the reported decrease in absorption per unit area or weight of mucosal epithelium during pregnancy and lactation is due to decreases in enzyme activities within the epithelium. The pattern of enzyme change shows that the response of the gut to the stimuli of pregnancy and lactation must be a complex one, possibly involving increases in the specific activities of some enzymes.

Purification of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes one, two, and three from human erythrocytes.

1984 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
pp. 1353-1357 ◽  
Author(s):  
E M Pridgar ◽  
G C Moses ◽  
A R Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Sodium Lauryl Sulfate ◽  
Ion Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Human Erythrocytes ◽  
Lauryl Sulfate ◽  
Specific Activities ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase Isoenzymes

Abstract Lactate dehydrogenase (LD) isoenzymes 1, 2, and 3 were prepared from human erythrocytes by sequential ion-exchange chromatography followed by general-ligand (AMP analog) affinity chromatography. Respective yields, purification factors, and specific activities (kU per gram of protein) were 25%, 4394-fold, and 209.7; 40% 4385-fold, and 199.1; and 18%, 7565-fold, and 192.9. The respective preparations contained less than 0.5% of contaminating LD isoenzyme activity as judged from electrophoresis on thin-layer agarose, were homogeneous as judged by electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gel (both in the presence and absence of sodium lauryl sulfate), and showed minor contamination by other LD isoenzymes as judged by analytical isoelectric focusing. We think that these preparations would be useful as human-based calibrating or reference materials. Their purity is such that these preparations could also be used as antigens for the development of suitable antisera.

ACUTE ENZYME HISTOCHEMICAL CHANGES IN THE ZONA GLOMERULOSA OF THE RAT ADRENAL CORTEX

1968 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 508-518
Author(s):  
J. D. Elema ◽  
M. J. Hardonk ◽  
Joh, Koudstaal ◽  
A. Arends
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Succinate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
Isocitrate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase ◽  
Zona Glomerulosa ◽  
Acute Changes ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Histochemical Changes

ABSTRACT Acute changes in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and isocitrate dehydrogenase activity in the zona glomerulosa of the rat adrenal cortex were induced by peritoneal dialysis with 5 % glucose. Although less clear, the activity of 3β-ol-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase also seemed to increase as well. No changes were seen in the activity of succinate dehydrogenase. Dialysis with 0.9 % NaCl had no effect on any of the enzymes investigated. The possible significance of these observations is discussed.

ASSESSMENT OF THE TOXICITY AND HAZARD OF SODIUM LAURYL SULFATE AT DIFFERENT EXPOSURE ROUTES

2020 ◽  
pp. 56-59
Author(s):  
M. V. Bidevkina ◽  
M. I. Golubeva ◽  
A. V. Limantsev ◽  
I. N. Razumnaya ◽  
T. N. Potapova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Lauryl Sulfate ◽  
Exposure Level ◽  
Hazardous Substance ◽  
Lauryl Sulfate ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Mucous Membranes ◽  
Chloroprene Rubber ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Exposure Routes ◽  
Number Of Cells

Sodium lauryl sulfate is the most common surfactant used in the production of detergents, chloroprene rubber, plastics, artificial furs and in pharmaceutical industry. Sodium lauryl sulfate is a moderately hazardous substance when introduced into the stomach (DL50 for white mice and rats is in the range of 2086-2700 mg/kg), has a pronounced local irritant effect on the skin and mucous membranes of the eyes, has a skin-resorptive, sensitizing and pronounced cumulative effects. The threshold for acute inhalation action is set at 15,3 mg/m3 for changes in the function of the nervous system and irritating effects on the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract (an increase in the total number of cells in the nasal flushes).Recommended for approval tentative safe exposure level of sodium lauryl sulfate in the air of the working area is 0.2+ mg/m3 (aerosol).

scholarly journals Preparation of alkali-resistant PVDF membranes via immobilization of sodium lauryl sulfate (SDS) on surface

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gongpu Wen ◽  
Kun Chen ◽  
Yanhong Zhang ◽  
Yue Zhou ◽  
Jun Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Lauryl Sulfate ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Alkali Resistance ◽  
Lauryl Sulfate ◽  
Uv Curable ◽  
Pvdf Membrane ◽  
Glycol Diacrylate ◽  
Polyester Acrylate ◽  
Uv Curable Resin

AbstractA novel strategy was proposed to fabricate alkali-resistant PVDF membrane via sodium lauryl sulfate (SDS) attached to the surface of membrane and immobilized by UV-curable polyester acrylate and tri(propylene glycol) diacrylate (TPGDA). The attached anionic surfactant, SDS, on the membrane surface can resist the alkali corrosion by NaOH, and the curing of the resin can immobilize the SDS on the membrane firmly. Due to the unique alkali resistance of SDS and resin formed, the UV-curable resin-modified PVDF membrane showed greatly enhanced alkali-resistant ability. Characterization of SEM and FTIR showed that polyester acrylate and TPGDA were cured successfully under the action of 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone (184) and ultraviolet light. Whiteness, differential scanning calorimeter and X-ray photoelectron spectrometer characterization showed that the modified PVDF membrane had a lower degree of dehydrofluorination than the pristine PVDF membrane after alkali treatment. Results of the detailed alkali-resistant analysis indicated that the F/C ratio of the UV-curable resin-modified PVDF membrane decreased by 2.6% after alkali treatment compared to pristine PVDF membrane decreased by 19.28%. The alkali-resistant performance was mainly attributed to the immobilized SDS. This study provided a facile and scalable method for designing alkali-resistant PVDF membrane, which shows a promising potential in the treatment of alkaline wastewater and alkaline-cleaning PVDF membrane.

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