scholarly journals Lipid vesicles: applications, principal components and methods used in their formulations: A review

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 339-352
Author(s):  
Cicera Janaine Janaine Camilo ◽  
Débora Odilia Duarte Leite ◽  
Angelo Roncalli Alves Silva ◽  
Irwin Rose Alencar Menezes ◽  
Henrique Douglas Melo Coutinho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Vesicles ◽  
Phospholipid Bilayer ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Ionic Surfactants ◽  
Medical Field ◽  
Lipophilic Compounds ◽  
Ideal Composition ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Main Components ◽  
The Ideal

Liposomes and niosomes are currently the most studied lipid vesicles in the nanomedicine field. The system formed by a phospholipid bilayer in aqueous medium allows these vesicles to carry both hydrophilic and lipophilic compounds, providing an increase in solubility of drugs lready used in conventional therapy. The focus on the development of these vesicles should be directed to determining the ideal composition, with low toxicity, biocompatibility and which remains stable for long periods. These characteristics are related to the components used for formulation and the substances that will be encapsulated. Another important point relates to the methods used during formulation, which are important in determining the type of vesicle formed, whether these be large or small, unilamellar or multilamellar. Because of the deliberate actions applied in the development of these vesicles, this review sought to gather updated information regarding the different methods used, including their main components while considering the behavior of each of them when used in different formulations. Also, data showing the importance of formulations in the medical field evidencing studies performed with liposome and niosome vesicles as promising in this area, and others, were included. The approach allows a better understanding of the participation of components in formulations such as cholesterol and non-ionic surfactants, as well as the basis for choosing the ideal components and methods for future research in the development of these vesicles.

Development of Solid-Self Micron Emulsifying Drug Delivery Systems

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 2014-2021
Author(s):  
Preethi Sudheer ◽  
Koushik Y ◽  
Satish P ◽  
Uma Shankar M S ◽  
R S Thakur
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Systemic Circulation ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Liquid Form ◽  
Lipophilic Compounds ◽  
Modern Drug ◽  
Pharmaceutical Scientist ◽  
Pharmacologically Active

As a consequence of modern drug discovery techniques, there has been a steady increase in the number of new pharmacologically active lipophilic compounds that are poorly water soluble and solubility is one of the most important parameter to achieve desired concentration of drug in systemic circulation for therapeutic response. It is a great challenge for pharmaceutical scientist to convert those molecules into orally administered formulation with sufficient bioavailability.  Among the several approaches to improve oral bioavailability of these molecules, Self-micron emulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) is one of the approaches usually used to improve the bioavailability of hydrophobic drugs. However, conventional SMEDDS are mostly prepared in a liquid form, which can have several disadvantages. Accordingly, solid SMEDDS (S-SMEDDS) prepared by solidification of liquid/semisolid self-micron emulsifying (SME) ingredients into powders have gained popularity. This article provides an overview of the recent advancements in S-SMEDDS such as methodology, techniques and future research directions.

scholarly journals A Review on Human–AI Interaction in Machine Learning and Insights for Medical Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 2121
Author(s):  
Mansoureh Maadi ◽  
Hadi Akbarzadeh Khorshidi ◽  
Uwe Aickelin
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Computational Power ◽  
Medical Field ◽  
Interactive Machine Learning ◽  
Human In The Loop ◽  
Human Interactions ◽  
Scoping Literature Review ◽  
Domain Expertise ◽  
Expertise Level

Objective: To provide a human–Artificial Intelligence (AI) interaction review for Machine Learning (ML) applications to inform how to best combine both human domain expertise and computational power of ML methods. The review focuses on the medical field, as the medical ML application literature highlights a special necessity of medical experts collaborating with ML approaches. Methods: A scoping literature review is performed on Scopus and Google Scholar using the terms “human in the loop”, “human in the loop machine learning”, and “interactive machine learning”. Peer-reviewed papers published from 2015 to 2020 are included in our review. Results: We design four questions to investigate and describe human–AI interaction in ML applications. These questions are “Why should humans be in the loop?”, “Where does human–AI interaction occur in the ML processes?”, “Who are the humans in the loop?”, and “How do humans interact with ML in Human-In-the-Loop ML (HILML)?”. To answer the first question, we describe three main reasons regarding the importance of human involvement in ML applications. To address the second question, human–AI interaction is investigated in three main algorithmic stages: 1. data producing and pre-processing; 2. ML modelling; and 3. ML evaluation and refinement. The importance of the expertise level of the humans in human–AI interaction is described to answer the third question. The number of human interactions in HILML is grouped into three categories to address the fourth question. We conclude the paper by offering a discussion on open opportunities for future research in HILML.

Recent Progress in Functional Peptides Designed for Tumor-targeted Imaging and Therapy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingyu Wang ◽  
Yi-Hui Wang ◽  
Zhen Song ◽  
Xin-Yuan Hu ◽  
Jiping Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recent Progress ◽  
Targeted Imaging ◽  
Medical Field ◽  
Diagnosis And Therapy ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Functional Peptides ◽  
Living Organisms

The diagnosis and therapy of tumors are challenging problems in the medical field. Peptides are derived from living organisms with excellent biocompatibility, low-toxicity/non-toxicity, and negligible immunogenicity, and they have been...

Interaction of triblock co-polymer micelles with phospholipid-bilayer: a spectroscopic investigation using a potential chloride channel blocker

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 6597-6605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aniruddha Ganguly ◽  
Soumen Ghosh ◽  
Nikhil Guchhait
Keyword(s):  
Chloride Channel ◽  
Spectroscopic Investigation ◽  
Channel Blocker ◽  
Lipid Vesicles ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Phospholipid Bilayer ◽  
Polymer Micelles ◽  
Binding Interaction ◽  
Chloride Channel Blocker ◽  
Egg Pc

Experimental results reveal that addition of P123 to the drug-bound egg-PC vesicles results in a preferential complexation of the drug with the Pluronic leaving the lipid vesicles aside which indicates a substantially stronger binding interaction of the drug with P123 than that with egg-PC.

Effectiveness of a Modified Version of Airflow Therapy

1982 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-164
Author(s):  
Glenn L. Falkowski ◽  
Arthur M. Guilford ◽  
Jack Sandler
Keyword(s):  
Success Rate ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Differential Effectiveness ◽  
History Of ◽  
One Year ◽  
Main Components

Utilizing airflow therapy, Schwartz (1976) has claimed an 89% success rate with stutterers following treatment and an 83% success rate at one year follow-up. Such claims have yet to be documented in the scientific literature. The purposes of this study were: (a) to investigate the effectiveness of a modified version of airflow therapy; (b) to examine the relative importance of its two main components—passive airflow and elongation of the first vowel spoken. The speech of two adult male stutterers with a lengthy history of stuttering, was assessed with spontaneous speaking and reading tasks. Results indicated marked improvement in both subjects' speech on the reading task was maintained at follow-up 10 weeks later. For spontaneous speech, results were generally weaker and less durable. Effects of the two treatment components were cumulative and did not allow determination of any differential effectiveness between components. Implications of these findings were considered and directions for future research discussed.

From Structure Topology to Chemical Composition. XXIX. Revision of the Crystal Structure of Perraultite, NaBaMn4Ti2(Si2O7)2O2(OH)2F, a Seidozerite-Supergroup TS-Block Mineral from the Oktyabr'skii Massif, Ukraine, and Discreditation of Surkhobite

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Sokolova ◽  
Maxwell C. Day ◽  
Frank C. Hawthorne ◽  
Atali A. Agakhanov ◽  
Fernando Cámara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Structure Type ◽  
Titanium Silicate ◽  
Space Group ◽  
Structure Topology ◽  
Ideal Composition ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Cation Sites ◽  
The Ideal

ABSTRACT The crystal structure of perraultite from the Oktyabr'skii massif, Donetsk region, Ukraine (bafertisite group, seidozerite supergroup), ideally NaBaMn4Ti2(Si2O7)2O2(OH)2F, Z = 4, was refined in space group C to R1 = 2.08% on the basis of 4839 unique reflections [Fo > 4σFo]; a = 10.741(6), b = 13.841(8), c = 11.079(6) Å, α = 108.174(6), β = 99.186(6), γ = 89.99(1)°, V = 1542.7(2.7) Å3. Refinement was done using data from a crystal with three twin domains which was part of a grain used for electron probe microanalysis. In the perraultite structure [structure type B1(BG), B – basic, BG – bafertisite group], there is one type of TS (Titanium-Silicate) block and one type of I (Intermediate) block; they alternate along c. The TS block consists of HOH sheets (H – heteropolyhedral, O – octahedral). In the O sheet, the ideal composition of the five [6]MO sites is Mn4 apfu. There is no order of Mn and Fe2+ in the O sheet. The MH octahedra and Si2O7 groups constitute the H sheet. The ideal composition of the two [6]MH sites is Ti2 apfu. The TS blocks link via common vertices of MH octahedra. The I block contains AP(1,2) and BP(1,2) cation sites. The AP(1) site is occupied by Ba and the AP(2) site by K > Ba; the ideal composition of the AP(1,2) sites is Ba apfu. The BP(1) and BP(2) sites are each occupied by Na > Ca; the ideal composition of the BP(1,2) sites is Na apfu. We compare perraultite and surkhobite based on the work of Sokolova et al. (2020) on the holotype sample of surkhobite: space group C , R1 = 2.85 %, a = 10.728(6), b = 13.845(8), c = 11.072(6) Å, α = 108.185(6), β = 99.219(5), γ = 90.001(8)°, V = 1540.0(2.5) Å3; new EPMA data. We show that (1) perraultite and surkhobite have identical chemical composition and ideal formula NaBaMn4Ti2(Si2O7)2O2(OH)2F; (2) perraultite and surkhobite are isostructural, with no order of Na and Ca at the BP(1,2) sites. Perraultite was described in 1991 and has precedence over surkhobite, which was redefined as “a Ca-ordered analogue of perraultite” in 2008. Surkhobite is not a valid mineral species and its discreditation was approved by CNMNC IMA (IMA 20-A).

scholarly journals Identification of a translocated gating charge in a voltage-dependent channel. Colicin E1 channels in planar phospholipid bilayer membranes.

1991 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
C K Abrams ◽  
K S Jakes ◽  
A Finkelstein ◽  
S L Slatin
Keyword(s):  
Voltage Dependence ◽  
Ion Selectivity ◽  
Lipid Vesicles ◽  
Voltage Gating ◽  
Site Directed Mutagenesis ◽  
Phospholipid Bilayer ◽  
Voltage Gated ◽  
Colicin E1 ◽  
Gating Charge ◽  
Ion Conducting

The availability of primary sequences for ion-conducting channels permits the development of testable models for mechanisms of voltage gating. Previous work on planar phospholipid bilayers and lipid vesicles indicates that voltage gating of colicin E1 channels involves translocation of peptide segments of the molecule into and across the membrane. Here we identify histidine residue 440 as a gating charge associated with this translocation. Using site-directed mutagenesis to convert the positively charged His440 to a neutral cysteine, we find that the voltage dependence for turn-off of channels formed by this mutant at position 440 is less steep than that for wild-type channels; the magnitude of the change in voltage dependence is consistent with residue 440 moving from the trans to the cis side of the membrane in association with channel closure. The effect of trans pH changes on the ion selectivity of channels formed by the carboxymethylated derivative of the cysteine 440 mutant independently establishes that in the open channel state, residue 440 lies on the trans side of the membrane. On the basis of these results, we propose that the voltage-gated opening of colicin E1 channels is accompanied by the insertion into the bilayer of a helical hairpin loop extending from residue 420 to residue 459, and that voltage-gated closing is associated with the extrusion of this loop from the interior of the bilayer back to the cis side.

scholarly journals OPTIMIZATION OF THE USE OF FLY ASH AS AN ADDITIVE PORTLAND COMPOSITE CEMENT (PCC)

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leni Rumiyanti ◽  
Listiani Listiani ◽  
Tika Damayanti
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Setting Time ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Insoluble Residue ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Free Lime ◽  
Composite Cement ◽  
Ideal Composition ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
The Ideal

Research has been carried out on the optimization of the use of Lahat Fly Ash as an Additive Portland Composite Cement (PCC) which aims to determine the optimum conditions for adding Lahat fly ash to produce cement with physical and chemical requirements in accordance with SNI 7064:2014 and discover the ideal composition of cement with fly additions Lahat ash from various cement compositions. The quality analysis in making PCC cement is chemically in the form of Insoluble Residue (IR), Loss of Ignition (LOI), and free lime (FCaO) as well as the quality of physics in the form of Blaine, setting time, and cement mortar compressive strength. The results obtained after the process of making PCC cement with the addition of 14% Lahat fly ash, namely PCC cement in optimum conditions with physical and chemical requirements in accordance with SNI 7064: 2014 where the ideal composition of PCC cement manufacture is 14% Lahat fly ash, clinker 62%, 3% gypsum, 18% limestone, and 3% pozzolans in making PCC cement. Therefore, Lahat fly ash can be used as an alternative mixture in making PCC cement.

scholarly journals The use of movie in forming English-speaking lexical competence of Vietnamese students

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 39-47
Author(s):  
Денис Ершов ◽  
Denis Ershov
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
English Language ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Pedagogical Practice ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Lexical Competence ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Germanic Languages

The article is devoted to the development and testing of the method of using authentic films for the formation of English-speaking lexical competence of Vietnamese students. The results of the work have shown their effectiveness in the course of scientific and industrial practice in teaching students in the department of phonetics and vocabulary of the English language. Their significance (scientific contribution) and conclusions were noted during the defense of the master's thesis by the members of the State Examination Commission, in Moscow State Pedagogical University on the 11th of February. The field of application of the results is quite extensive: the results of the research can be useful both for teachers of a foreign language, and for students studying in the field - Pedagogical education. The limitations and directions of future research will be related to the study of "Germanic languages" and their application in pedagogical practice using a different methodological base and didactic approaches. In the absence of a language learning environment, ways of creating it are created by working on authentic works of art-films shot abroad. The subject of the study is the technology of forming English-speaking lexical competence among Vietnamese students in Russia on the basis of foreign experience. The aim of the article is to develop a methodology for the formation of English-speaking lexical competence among Vietnamese students. Research hypothesis: the technology of forming English-speaking lexical competence among Vietnamese students will be more effective if: -the theoretical basis for the formation of foreign vocabulary lexical competence among students of the teacher training Universities with the use of an authentic film in the studied language was singled out, and their main components were singled out; - as a methodological reference point, a communicative-cognitive approach to the formation of lexical English-speaking competence was chosen in combination with such approaches as intercultural, personal-activity and competence; -developed a system of exercises and tasks to learn foreign language lexical material using an authentic film.

Culture Influence on IT Governance

2018 ◽  
pp. 139-156
Author(s):  
Parisa Aasi ◽  
Lazar Rusu ◽  
Shengnan Han
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
It Governance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Affecting Factors ◽  
Decision Rights ◽  
Governance Framework ◽  
Culture Influence ◽  
It Culture ◽  
Main Components

Managers face enormous challenges today to plan the decision rights and responsibilities in order to reach desired IT behaviors which are aligned with business objectives of organizations. This is known as IT governance and is ranked as one of the firms' top concerns. Not surprisingly, it is crucial for organizations to find the affecting factors on IT governance and solve the problems associated with it. Culture in national, organizational or group level is an affecting factor in organizations that can play a role in IT governance and this role is rarely explored in academic research. This paper provides a literature review investigating the influence of culture on IT governance. The research purpose is to identify how culture and IT governance in the companies can be linked together and promote this area for future research. The literature review is done systematically and the findings are classified by using an IT governance framework with three main components of structures, processes and relational mechanisms. The results indicate there is an influence from national and organizational culture on IT governance. However, the number of studies is very few and there is still a lack of knowledge on how culture can influence IT governance. This research calls upon a further research on culture impact on achieving an effective IT governance implementation in organizations.

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