scholarly journals Antagonism of Trichoderma spp. strains against pea (Pisum sativum L.) Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. pisi.

2017 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 442-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar Eduardo Checa Coral ◽  
Maribel Toro Criollo ◽  
Jesica Descanse Vallejo
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Native Strains ◽  
Absolute Control ◽  
Similar Incidence

The antagonistic effectiveness of native strains of Trichoderma spp. on Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. pisi. in vitro, greenhouse and field conditions, were evaluated. In laboratory conditions, the antagonistic capacity of 12 strains of Trichoderma spp., strains C2, C7, C12 and C21, exhibited a better behavior measured by the following variables: inhibition halo and mycelial growth. In greenhouse conditions, the four strains, which showed the best in vitro antagonistic behavior were evaluated using a DIA experimental design with factorial arrangement for three factors which corresponded to strain, concentration and dose. The results of this evaluation, showed that strains C12 and C21 at doses of 20 mL, and at concentrations of 108 and 106 conidia.mL-1, respectively. The best antagonistic response was determined by variables as follows: plant height, fresh root weight and incidence. Under field conditions, the evaluations were carried out in the municipalities of Ipiales, Pupiales and Gualmatán, in the Department of Nariño, Colombia. In each location, a BCA experimental design was used with four treatments and five replicates, treatments were as follows: C12 strains at 108 concentration, C21 at 106 concentration, chemical control and absolute control. In Gualmatan location, C12 and C21 strains, showed no antagonistic capacity, whereas in Ipiales and Pupiales locations, strain C12, presented a lower incidence of F. oxysporum than the control, but with no effect on yields. In Pupiales location, C21 strain surpassed in performance to the control treatment, even though the two treatments had similar incidence.

Bio-management of tomato wilt complex caused by Meloidogyne incognita and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici

Nematology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 479-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Munawar ◽  
Sajid Aleem Khan ◽  
Nazir Javed ◽  
Imran Ul Haq ◽  
Amjad Shahzad Gondal
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Biocontrol Agents ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Purpureocillium Lilacinum ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Tomato Wilt

The potential of biocontrol agentsPurpureocillium lilacinum(Paecilomyceslilacinus) andTrichodermaharzianumwas evaluated against tomato wilt complex, caused by a combination ofMeloidogyne incognitaandFusarium oxysporumf. sp.lycopersici, under both laboratory and field conditions. Biocontrol agents at spore concentration of 1 × 106spores ml−1were applied alone and in combined treatments. The results of combined application revealed maximum mortality and inhibition of hatching ofM. incognitaunderin vitroconditions. Combined application of both antagonistic fungi was found to be more effective in mycelial inhibition ofFusarium oxysporumf. sp.lycopersici. In glasshouse trials, application ofT. harzianumpromoted overall plant growth, followed by combined application ofP. lilacinumandT. harzianum; nematode development parameters and fungus damage were significantly reduced. Under field conditions, the combined application ofP. lilacinumandT. harzianumincreased the number of leaves, shoot length, shoot weight and root length, and decreased root weight, with minimum number of females and egg masses ofM. incognitaper root system and mycelia inhibition ofF. oxysporum.

scholarly journals Self-Inhibitory Activity of Trichoderma Soluble Metabolites and Their Antifungal Effects on Fusarium oxysporum

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 176
Author(s):  
Samuel Álvarez-García ◽  
Sara Mayo-Prieto ◽  
Santiago Gutiérrez ◽  
Pedro Antonio Casquero
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Macroscopic Structure ◽  
Biocontrol Activity ◽  
Microbial Strains ◽  
Phytopathogenic Microorganisms

Self-inhibitory processes are a common feature shared by different organisms. One of the main mechanisms involved in these interactions regarding microorganisms is the release of toxic diffusible substances into the environment. These metabolites can exert both antimicrobial effects against other organisms as well as self-inhibitory ones. The in vitro evaluation of these effects against other organisms has been widely used to identify potential biocontrol agents against phytopathogenic microorganisms. In the present study, we performed membrane assays to compare the self-inhibitory effects of soluble metabolites produced by several Trichoderma isolates and their antifungal activity against a phytopathogenic strain of Fusarium oxysporum. The results demonstrated that Trichoderma spp. present a high self-inhibitory activity in vitro, being affected in both their growth rate and the macroscopic structure of their colonies. These effects were highly similar to those exerted against F. oxysporum in the same conditions, showing no significant differences in most cases. Consequently, membrane assays may not be very informative by themselves to assess putative biocontrol capabilities. Therefore, different methods, or a combination of antifungal and self-inhibitory experiments, could be a better approach to evaluate the potential biocontrol activity of microbial strains in order to pre-select them for further in vivo trials.

scholarly journals Control of root rot (Phytophthora cinnamomi) in avocado (Persea Americana) with bioagents

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-211
Author(s):  
Ciro Hideki Sumida ◽  
Lucas Henrique Fantin ◽  
Karla Braga ◽  
Marcelo Giovanetti Canteri ◽  
Martin Homechin
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Phytophthora Cinnamomi ◽  
Persea Americana ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Maize Cultivation ◽  
Antagonistic Potential

ABSTRACT Despite the favorable edaphoclimatic conditions for avocado production in Brazil, diseases such as root rot caused by the pathogen Phytophthora cinnamomi compromise the crop. With the aim of managing root rot in avocado, the present study aimed to evaluate chemical and biological control with isolates of Trichoderma spp. and Pseudomonas fluorescens. Thus, three assays were conducted to assess: (i) mycelial inhibition of P. cinnamomi by isolates of Trichoderma spp. and P. fluorescens from different crop systems; (ii) effect of autoclaved and non-autoclaved metabolites of P. fluorescens, and (iii) chemical or biological treatment of avocado seedlings on the control of root rot under field conditions. The isolates of Trichoderma spp. from maize cultivation soil and the commercial products formulated with Trichoderma presented greater antagonism (p <0.05) to the pathogen P. cinnamomi in the in vitro tests. Similarly, non-autoclaved metabolites of P. fluorescens presented antagonistic potential to control P. cinnamomi. Under field conditions, the fungicide metalaxyl and the bioagents showed effectiveness in controlling P. cinnamomi, as well as greater root length and mass. Results demonstrated potential for the biological control of avocado root rot with Trichoderma spp. and P. fluorescens.

scholarly journals Action of Trichodermil 1306 in the control of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici in tomato crops

2020 ◽  
Vol 87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isis Bruna Portolan ◽  
Silmara Rodrigues Pietrobelli ◽  
Gabriela Silva Moura ◽  
Aline Pomari Fernandes ◽  
Lisandro Tomas da Silva Bonome ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Tomato Seed ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Tomato Crop ◽  
Tomato Seeds ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Lower Root ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

ABSTRACT Fusarium wilt, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, is one of the most important diseases of tomato crop in Brazil. Several alternatives to fungicides have been evaluated in search for products that control this disease and have low environmental impact and toxicity to living beings. In this context, the use of Trichoderma spp. is an alternative to agrochemicals, since they are bioregulators and antagonists of several phytopathogens. This work aimed to evaluate the antagonistic and mycoparasitory action of the Trichodermil 1306 biofungicide against F. oxysporum, and its action in the control of fusarium wilt in tomato seeds and seedlings. The biofungicide was used at concentrations of 0, 50, 100, and 150% of the dose recommended for application of 20 L with a backpack sprayer. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with five replications. Data were submitted to analysis of variance and mean compared by Tukey’s test at 5% probability. The 100% Trichodermil concentration was the most efficient for treating tomato seeds. Although this concentration did not show differences in relation to the lowest dose used (50%) in the tomato seed antagonism, mycoparasitism and F. oxysporum incidence tests were recommended because that the lowest concentration resulted in 18% lower root protrusion than that observed with 100% dosage. The in vitro antagonistic and mycoparasitory action of this biological fungicide indicates its potential in the control of fusarium wilt in tomato crops.

scholarly journals PRODUCCIÓN Y EFECTO ANTAGÓNICO DE QUITINASAS Y GLUCANASAS POR Trichoderma spp., EN LA INHIBICIÓN DE Fusarium subglutinans y Fusarium oxysporum IN VITRO

2005 ◽  
Vol XI (2) ◽  
pp. 273-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.C. Michel-Aceves ◽  
◽  
M.A. Otero-Sánchez ◽  
O. Rebolledo-Domínguez ◽  
R. Lezama-Gutiérrez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fusarium Subglutinans ◽  
Trichoderma Spp

EFECTO DE DIFERENTES MATERIALES VEGETALES DE TITHONIA DIVERSIFOLIA (HEMSL.) GRAY EN LA POBLACIÓN DE METANÓGENOS Y PROTOZOOS DEL RUMEN

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 01-10
Author(s):  
Juana Luz Galindo Blanco ◽  
Oreste La O León ◽  
Tomas Ruiz Vázquez ◽  
Alfredo González Vásquez ◽  
Washington Narvaez Campana
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Tithonia Diversifolia ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
In Vitro Technique ◽  
Cynodon Nlemfuensis

Tithonia diversifolia es una planta con alto potencial para la alimentación  animal. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar el efecto de diferentes materiales vegetales (mv) en la población de metanógenos y protozoos del rumen,  se empleó la técnica in vitro de producción de gases. Los tratamientos consistieron en los siguientes materiales vegetales de T. diversifolia: mv-3, mv-5, mv- 6, mv-10, mv- 13, mv-17, mv-23, mv-24 y mv-25. Éstos se compararon con un tratamiento control de pasto estrella (Cynodon nlemfuensis). Los muestreos se realizaron a las 3 horas posteriores a la incubación y se replicó 4 veces.  El diseño experimental fue completamente aleatorizado. Los valores de proteína cruda (PC)  oscilaron desde18, 26 en el mv- 3 hasta 26,40 para el caso del mv- 26. Las poblaciones de metanógenos fueron 27,7; 23,5; 21,3; 16,2; 20,0; 19,4; 12,4; 22,5 y 20,2. 1010 UFC/mL para pasto estrella y los mv de T. diversifolia 3, 5, 6, 10, 13, 17, 23, 24 y 25, respectivamente. Las poblaciones de protozoos en el tratamiento control fueron de 48. 105células/mLy 14; 11; 10; 7; 10; 9; 4; 10 y 9, para los mv -3, mv-5, mv-6, mv-10, mv-13, mv-17, mv-23, mv-24 y mv-25, respectivamente. Se destacan como los más promisorios para reducir los metanógenos y protozoos del rumen, los mv- 23 y mv -10. Se concluye que los materiales vegetales de T. diversifolia ejercen efecto depresivo en las poblaciones de metanógenos y protozoos y se  destacan los mv -23 y mv-10 como los más promisorios para estos propósitosPalabras clave: rumen, metanogénesis, titonia ABSTRACTTithonia diversifolia is a plant with high potential for animal feed. The objective of the present work was to evaluate the effect of different plant materials (vm) in the population of methanogens and rumen protozoa, the in vitro technique of gas production was used. The treatments consisted of the following plant materials of T. diversifolia: mv-3, mv-5, mv-6, mv-10, mv-13, mv-17, mv-23, mv-24 and mv-25. These were compared with a control treatment of star grass (Cynodon nlemfuensis). Samples were taken at 3 hours after incubation and replicated 4 times. The experimental design was completely randomized. Crude protein (CP) values ranged from 18.26 in mv-3 to 26.40 in the case of mv-26. The methanogen populations were 27.7; 23.5; 21.3; 16.2; 20.0; 19.4; 12.4; 22.5 and 20.2. 1010 CFU / mL for star grass and the mv of T. diversifolia 3, 5, 6, 10, 13, 17, 23, 24 and 25, respectively. The protozoa populations in the control treatment were 48. 105 cells / mL and 14; 11; 10; 7; 10; 9; 4; 10 and 9, for mv -3, mv-5, mv-6, mv-10, mv-13, mv-17, mv-23, mv-24 and mv-25, respectively. They stand out as the most promising to reduce the methanogens and protozoa of the rumen, the mv-23 and mv -10. It is concluded that the plant materials of T. diversifolia exert a depressive effect on the populations of methanogens and protozoa and the mv -23 and mv-10 stand out as the most promising for these purposes.Keywords: rumen, methanogenesis, titonia

Pathogenicity of Trichoderma spp. on the sclerotia of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 472-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. Dos Santos ◽  
O. D. Dhingra
Keyword(s):  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Field Soil ◽  
Inoculum Level ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Unidentified Species ◽  
Rate Of Decline

One isolate of Trichoderma viride, 12 of T. koningii, 5 of T. harzianum, 11 of T. pseudokoningii, and 9 Trichoderma spp. obtained from 15 soils by baiting with the sclerotia of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum were tested for pathogenicity and aggressiveness in vitro and in field soil against the latter. Five isolates of T. koningii, two of T. harzianum, three of T. pseudokoningii, and one of an unidentified species killed 62–100% of the sclerotia within 25 days when tested in vitro. Two isolates of T. koningii killed 100% of the sclerotia within 7 days. One isolate of T. koningii killed 100% of the sclerotia within 60 days under field conditions, when soil was infested with 104, 106, or 108conidia/g. The rate of decline was more rapid at inoculum level of 106 and 108conidia/g of soil than at 104.

scholarly journals Combinatorial efficacy of Trichoderma spp. and Pseudomonas fluorescens to enhance suppression of cell wall degrading enzymes produced by Fusarium wilt of Arachis hypogaea.L

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 36-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Rajeswari ◽  
R Kapoor
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Pectin Methylesterase ◽  
Biocontrol Agents ◽  
Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Pectinolytic Enzymes

Fusarium oxysporum, the soil borne pathogen causes vascular wilt, on majority of crop plants. It has been demonstrated that two different species of Trichoderma and Pseudomonas fluorescens suppress disease by different mechanisms. Therefore, application of a mixture of these biocontrol agents, and thus of several suppressive mechanisms, may represent a viable control strategy. A necessity for biocontrol by combinations of biocontrol agents can be the compatibility of the co-inoculated micro-organisms. Hence, compatibility between Trichoderma spp. and Pseudomonas fluorescens that have the ability to suppress Fusarium oxysporum in vitro on the activity of pectinolytic enzymes of Fusarium oxysporum. The activity of pectinolytic enzymes, i.e. pectin methyl esterase, endo and exo polymethylgalacturonases and exo and endo pectin trans eliminases produced by Fusarium oxysporum (Control) was higher. Maximum inhibition of pectin methylesterase, exo and endo polymethylgalacturonase and exo and endopectin trans eliminase was shown by culture filtrate of Trichoderma viride + Pseudomonas fluorescens (Tv+Pf) (1+2%), followed by Trichoderma harzianum + Pseudomonas fluorescens, (Th +Pf) (1.5+2%) and Trichoderma viride + Trichoderma harzianum (Tv+Th) (1+1.5%). However, pathogenecity suppression of Fusarium oxysporum, a causative of Arachis hypogaea. L by the compatible combination of Trichodema viride + Pseudomonas fluorescens (1+2%) was significantly better as compared to the single bio-agent. This indicates that specific interactions between biocontrol agents influence suppression of pathogenicity factors directly by combinations of these compatible bio-agents.Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. & Tech. 7 (2): 36-42, December, 2017

scholarly journals In Vitro Inhibition of Cellulolytic Enzymes of Fusarium Oxysporum by Trichoderma spp and Pseudomonas Fluorescens on Arachis Hypogaea L

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-110
Author(s):  
P. Rajeswari
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Cellulolytic Enzymes ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
In Vitro Inhibition

In an attempt to develop biocontrol system for management of Fusarium wilt in groundnut, Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma harzianum,and Pseudomonas fluorescens were evaluated for their antagonistic activity against Fusarium oxysporum in vitro. .Fusarium wilt diseasescaused by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum lead to significant yield losses of crops. Experiments were conducted on the effect of culture filtratesof T.viride (1%), T. harzianum (1.5%), and P. fluorescens (2%) on the in vitro inhibition of cellulolytic enzymes of Fusarium oxysporum. Theactivity of 1,4 endoglucanases, 1,4exoglucanase Cellobiase produced by Fusariumoxysporum was higher, when compared to control.Maximum inhibition of above Cellulolytic enzymes (1, 4 endoglucanases, 1,4exoglucanase, Cellobiase) was shown by T. viride treatment wasfollowed by T. harzianum and P. fluorescens. Of all the treatments, T. viride treatment showed higher rate of inhibition of Cellulolytic enzymesof Fusarium oxysporum followed by that of T. harzianum and P. fluorescens.This present study indicates that culture filtrate of T.viride(1%)is the best biocontrol agent in the inhibition of Fusarium oxysporum causing Fusarium wilt of Arachis hypogaea .LDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v3i1.12138    Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol. 3(1): 106-110 

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