Postharvest application of growth regulators on Dioscorea alata (L.) and Dioscorea rotundata (Poir.)

Yam is a tuber that sees high demand and consumption in Colombia, whose post-harvest quality losses during storage have been a challenge for farmers. At the Universidad de Cordoba-Colombia, Agronomy Engineering program, between March and August of 2019, a trial was established to estimate the effect of two growth regulators on the variables: tuber weight loss (TWL), tuber sprouting (TS), starch on a dry basis (SD), and reducing sugars (RS) during storage for 120 days, with evaluations every 30 days. A completely randomized design with a 4×2 factorial arrangement plus two additional treatments with three replications was used. Four concentrations of abscisic acid (ABA) were tested: 0, 10, 15, and 20 mg L-1 in the species D. alata and D. rotundata, plus paclobutrazol (PBZ): 15 mL kg-1, for a total of 10 treatments. Each experiment unit consisted of 12 tubers that were preserved in darkness at 23°C and 53% relative humidity on average. ABA and PBZ exerted effective control over the sprouting and weight loss of the tubers during the first 90 days of storage in both species, which averaged 24.4%, i.e. approximately 488 g, favoring high starch contents, and did not influence the reducing sugar content.

Genotype-environment interaction for production characteristics in cherry tomato (Solanum spp.)

Much of the tomato diversity is found in cherry-type populations. There are promising wild cherry tomato species with good behavior in terms of yield and quality that can be produced with a minimum of agro-inputs. The genetic expression of genotypes is influenced by the optimal environment they can develop in. The genotype-environment interaction must be known to estimate the phenotypic adaptability in different environments. The objective of this research was to evaluate the genotype-environment interaction for 10 cherry tomato introductions in nine environments, four of which were artificial environments (0, 60, 120 and 180 kg ha-1 of potassium) established in natural environments on the Farms Montelindo, Tesorito and CEUNP. The experiment design used randomized complete blocks with four replicates; the experiment unit consisted of five effective plants per introduction. The evaluated variables were production per plant (PFT) (kg/pl), number of fruits per plant (NFT), and average fruit weight (AWF) (g/fruit). The genotype×environment interaction and the stability of the 10 genotypes were estimated with the AMMI multivariate model. The environments for T120K and T180K were optimal for the variables associated with production (PFT, NFT and AWF), with IAC1621, IAC426 and IAC1624 being the most promising genotypes per environment on the Farms Tesorito, Montelindo and CEUNP, respectively. The results are useful for the identification of genotypes in key locations for selection and evaluation in breeding programs.

PENGARUH JUMLAH MATA TUNAS TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN STEK BATANG TRUBUSAN SUNGKAI (Peronema canescens)

The areas of tropical forests in Indonesia always decrease every year, so that efforts are needed to cultivate plants efficiently for the supply of seedlings. Sungkai (Peronema canescens) has good quality wood that can be used for various purposes, either for construction, furniture, plywood or the leaves can be used for medicine. The purpose of this study was to analyze the growth of stem cuttings of sungkai based on the number of latent buds by calculating the root dry weight, bud dry weight, and total dry weight. This study used a factorial complete randomized design. There were two factors studied, namely the number of buds consisting of 2 levels: 2 buds and 1 bud, and the stem split factor. Each treatment was replicated 3 times and each experiment unit used 5 cuttings. The growth of sungkai cuttings in the treatment of two buds had a total dry weight of 170.04 grams, while the treatment of one bud had a total dry weight of 98.30 grams. The results of this study indicated that the more the number of latent buds, the more root and bud growth of cuttings.Keywords: Coppice; Latent buds; Cuttings; Sungkai

Effects of paclobutrazol and mepiquat chloride on the growth and development of plantain Dominico Hartón (Musa AAB)

Colombia is the fourth largest producer of plantain in the world, with a harvest of 3,539,252 t. Various biotic and abiotic factors affect yields, including phytoparasitic nematodes that are a major constraint in this crop. For this reason, strategies are being sought to improve the performance of this plant with this cosmopolitan pest. This research evaluated the effect of two hormonal regulators on the growth and development of the Dominico plantain. The experiment design had treatments that were divided plots, where the main plot corresponded to the type of product, and the sub-plot corresponded to the concentrations of paclobutrazol and mepiquat chloride in the different doses: 0, 250 and 500 mg L-1. The experiment unit consisted of ten plants with four replicates. The evaluated variables were plant height, diameter of the pseudostem, number of functional leaves, length and diameter of the roots, number of nematodes and variables for production quality. The two growth regulators reduced the plant height before emergence of the flower; paclobutrazol reduced the height by up to 40%, while mepiquat chloride reduced the height by up to 6.7%. There were no statistical differences in the production per plant, where the production with paclobutrazol was 14 kg/plant and, with mepiquat chloride, was 15 kg/plant. The control was 14.5 kg/plant. The use of growth regulators did not significantly restrict the damage caused by nematodes; however, paclobutrazol performed better as a growth regulator in the Dominico Hartón plants.

Impact of ultraviolet B radiation applications on some secondary metabolites in thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.)

The impact of ultraviolet radiation B (UV-B) applications on the production of secondary metabolites, such as phenols, flavonoids and anthocyanins, in thyme plants was studied. The stems, leaves and flowers were subjected to an experiment design that had a 4´2 factorial arrangement, evaluating: dose UV-B radiation (0.05 and 0.075 Wh m-2), sampling points (75 days after transplanting [cut-off point] and 92 days after transplanting [full flowering] according to the BBCH scale), adaptation time (24 and 49 hours) and extraction matrices of plant material (fresh and dried). The experiment unit corresponded to matrices from Thymus vulgaris L. (C.N. thyme) plants. Ten extractions were done per treatment, and a chemical analysis test were performed in triplicate. The extraction was done with a modified Randall method. The results showed that the application of UV-B radiation at a dose of 0.075 Wh m-2 increased the concentration of secondary metabolites of interest. The compounds that showed a better response to treatment were phenols and anthocyanins.

The effect of concentrate replacement level with gamal leaf (gliricidia sepium) in ransum on rument metabolite products and blood goat profile

This study aims to determine the effect of replacing concentrates with Gamal leaves (Gliricidia sepium) in the ration on the product and the performance of rumen metabolites and the blood profile of PE goats. The experimental design used was the Latin square design, 4 x 4 that is 4 treatments with four 4 replications each experiment unit consisted of 1 animal. One treatment period for 2 weeks. The first week was adapted and the second week the data collection process was carried out. The treatment given is as follows. The treatments are A (45% concentrate and 55% field grass); B (Gamal 15% with 30% concentrate and 55% field grass); C (Gamal 30% with 15% concentrate and 55% field grass); D (Gamal 45% and field grass 55%). The results of this study indicate that the effect of the rate of replacement of concentrates with Gamal leaves (Gliricidia sepium) in the ration on rumen metabolite products PE goat was significantly different (P <0.05) total VFA concentration and VFA Parcial. The concentration of N-NH3, protozoan population the acidity of pH, methane production showed results that were not significantly different.

The Influence of Problem-Based Learning Model and Prior Knowledge toward the Physics Procedural Aplication Ability

The research was a quasi experiment which aimed at examining : (1) whether there were differences of Physics procedural application abilities of the students who are taught by employing problem based approach and the students taught conventionally, (2) whether there were differences of Physics procedural application abilities between the group who was taught by using problem based learning model and the group taught conventionally for high initial knowledge group, (3) whether there were differences of Physics procedural application abilities between the group who was taught by using problem based learning model and the group taught conventionally for low initial knowledge group, (4) whether there were interactions between problem based learning model and initial knowledge toward Physics procedural application abilities. The experiment involved two groups which were given different treatments. The experiment unit was the tenth grade students majoring in Tehnika at BP21P Barombong in Makassar with the total of 60 students, consisted of the tenth Teknika A grade with 30 students as the experiment class and the tenth Tehnika B grade with 30 students as control class. The experiment class was taught by using problem based learning and control class was taught conventionally. The test of hypothesis was conducted by two way variants analysis by using Microsoft Excel and SPSS program version 22 for windows at the significant level of 5%. The results of the research reveal that (1) There were differences of Physics procedural application abilities between the students taught by using problem based model and the students taught conventionally, (2) there are differences of Physics procedural application abilities between the group taught by using problem based learning model and the group taught conventionally for high initial knowledge, (3) there were differences of Physics procedural application abilities between the group taught by using problem based learning model and the group taught conventionally for low initial knowledge, and (4) there was not interaction between problem based learning model and initial knowledge toward Physics procedural application abilities to the tenth grade students majoring in tehnika at BP21P Barombong in Makassar.Keywords: Physics Procedural Application Abilities, Physics Initial Knowledge, Problem Based LearningPenelitian eksprimen yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui:(1) ada tidaknya perbedaan kemampuan aplikasi prosedural fisika pada peserta didik yang diajar dengan pendekatan berbasis masalah dengan peserta didik yang diajarkan secara konvensional;(2) ada tidaknya perbedaan kemampuan aplikasi prosedural fisika antara kelompok yang diajar menggunakan model pembelajaran berbasis masalah dan yang diajar secara konvensional untuk kelompok pengetahuan awal tinggi; (3)ada tidaknya perbedaan kemampuan aplikasi prosedural fisika antara kelompok yang diajar menggunakan model pembelajaran berbasis masalah dan yang diajar secara konvensional kelompok pengetahuan awal rendah;(4)ada tidaknya interaksi antara model pembelajaran berbasis masalah masalah dan pengetahuan awal terhadap kemampuan aplikasi prosedural fisika. Eksprimen ini melibatkan dua kelompok yang diberi perlakuan yang berbeda . Satuan eksprimennya adalah peserta didik kelas X tehnika di BP2IP Barombong Makassar sebanyak 60 orang, kelas X tehnika A sebanyak 30 orang sebagai kelas eksprimen dan kelas tehnika B sebanyak 30 orang sebagai kelas kontrol. Kelas eksprimen diajar secara pembelajaran berbasis masalah dan kelas kontrol diajar secara konvensional. Pengujian hipotesis dilakukan dengan menggunakan analisis varians dua arah dengan menggunakan program Microsoft Excel dan SPSS versi 22 for windows dengan taraf signifikansi 5 % hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa(1) Terdapat perbedaan kemampuan aplikasi prosedural fisika antara kelompok yang diajar menggunakan model berbasis masalah dan peserta didik yang diajar secara konvensional (2)Terdapat perbedaan kemampuan aplikasi prosedural fisika antara kelompok yang diajar menggunakan model pembelajaran berbasis masalah dan yang diajar secara konvensional untuk Pengetahuan awal tinggi (3)Terdapat perbedaan kemampuan aplikasi prosedural fisika antara kelompok yang diajar menggunakan model berbasis masalah dan peserta didik yang diajar secara konvensional untuk pengetahuan awal rendah (4)Tidak terdapat interaksi antara model pembelajaran berbasis masalah Pengetahuan awal terhadap kemampuan aplikasi prosedural fisika pada peserta didik kelas X tehnika BP2IP Barombong Makassar.Kata kunci: Kemampuan aplikasi prosedural fisika, Pengetahuan awal fisika, berbasis masalah

Use the Mixture of Rice Straw and the Conocarpus erectus L., 1758 Leaves as the Medium of the Biofilter to Reduce the Ammonia Emitted from Poultry Houses

Poultry houses contribute 93% of the total amount of ammonia gas emittedfrom production facilities. The study aims to evaluate the efficiency of the biofilter forreducing environmental pollution by ammonia gas and using local and cheap materials.Two field experiments were conducted, A chicken (Ross 308, weigh 44.5 g) was raised in 35 days. Experiment unit dimensions are 1.2 x 1.5 x 2.5 length, width and height and each one of them was connected with a biofilter from the outside by air transport channel. The first experiment of three stocking densities (14, 16, 18) birds / m 2 and three replicates. The second experiment included the use of one SD (14 bird\m2), 3 mixtures of rice straw and the conocarpus leaves as the medium of the Biofilter and three replicates. The efficiency of the biofilter (mixture of 0.30 Conocarpus leaves with 0.70 rice straw) was 91%. The efficiency of the Biofilter was about 91.7% when media 0.25 of Conocarpus with 0.75 straw rice and characterized by a high content of total fungi compared to the other two.

Organic substrate and organic foliar fertilizer effect on chlorophyll index and growth in Umbuzeiro seedlings

The umbuzeiro (Spondias tuberosa Arr. Cam.) is a fruit tree originating from the Caatinga biome that enjoys high acceptance in the market for in natura consumption or industrialized products; as a result, its cultivation has become of great importance for the region of Northeast Brazil. The objective was to evaluate growth, substrate temperature and chlorophyll indices in umbuzeiro seedlings at organic substrate levels and with organic foliar fertilizer (EcoLife®) applications. The experimental design was a randomized block with a factorial arrangement of 5×2, with four replicates and three plants per experiment unit. The factors corresponded to the proportions of the organic compost to the substrates (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%), with and without foliar applications of 1% organic foliar fertilizer. The growth, leaf area and chlorophyll indices of the umbuzeiro seedlings were higher in the treatments with organic compost and foliar applications of organic foliar fertilizer.