scholarly journals 307 A social facilitator can reduce calf walking behavior at weaning

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 4-5
Author(s):  
Kirsten Nickles ◽  
Alejandro E Relling ◽  
Anthony Parker
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Walking Distance ◽  
Gps Tracking ◽  
Walking Behavior ◽  
Calf Growth ◽  
Beef Calves ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Industry Practice ◽  
Tracking Device

Abstract Common industry practice is to wean beef calves prior to natural weaning with the objectives of improving cow body weight and preparing calves for the subsequent receiving, growing, and finishing phases of production. Discontinuing the cow-calf social and nutritional bond before natural weaning, however, causes atypical walking and vocalizing behaviors by calves that are detrimental to calf growth and health. A proposed alternative weaning method is the addition of a social facilitator cow at weaning to reduce calf stress. Utilizing global positioning system (GPS) technology, we were able to determine total distance walked, total time devoted to walking, and area of the pasture utilized by the calf. Thus, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of a social facilitator on calf growth during weaning and more specifically, walking behaviors, utilizing a Garmin® product. Angus x Simmental heifer calves (n = 80) were used in this study, and in all four replications calves were randomly allotted to each treatment group (n = 10), social facilitator (SF) or control (CON) on the day of weaning (day 0). Calves in the SF group were placed on pasture at weaning with a social facilitator, and CON calves were placed in a similar sized pasture without a social facilitator. All calves were allocated their own GPS tracking device on days 0 (weaning), 7, and 14 for a full 24 hours before removal. Data were analyzed as a randomized complete block design with repeated measurements (SAS 9.4). Placing calves with a social facilitator decreased the distance walked (P = 0.001), and the amount of time calves devoted to walking (P = 0.001). Placing a social facilitator with calves at weaning, therefore, has an effect on walking distance and amount of time calves devote to walking.

scholarly journals 79 Seeing the whole picture: Utilizing GPS technology to determine distance and time calves devote to walking post-weaning

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 43-44
Author(s):  
Kirsten Nickles ◽  
Alejandro E Relling ◽  
Anthony Parker
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Walking Distance ◽  
Beef Industry ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Gps Technology ◽  
Animal Activity ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
And Control

Abstract Common weaning practices in today’s beef industry involve discontinuation of the cow-calf social and nutritional bond. When this bond is discontinued, atypical behaviors of walking and vocalizing are immediately observed in the calf that negatively affect calf welfare. Global positioning systems (GPS) provide an opportunity to quantify the effects of animal activity on welfare. Utilizing GPS technology, we are able to determine total distance walked, speed, total time walking, or total time not walking and the interactions with calf production. Thus, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of a familiar trainer animal on calf production during weaning and more specifically, common weaning behaviors such as walking utilizing a Garmin® product. A total of 80 Angus x Simmental heifer calves were used in this study. In all four replications, heifer calves were allotted to each treatment group (n = 10), trainer animal or control (TR, CON) on the day of weaning. Calves in the TR group were placed on pasture at weaning with the familiar trainer animal, and control calves were placed in a similar size pasture without a trainer animal. Each calf was also fitted with their own GPS collar that recorded on days 0, 7, and 14 relative to initiation of the study for a full 24 hours before removal. Data were analyzed as a randomized complete block design with repeated measurements (SAS 9.4). Placing calves with a familiar trainer animal decreased the distance calves walked (P = 0.001) as well as the amount of time calves were walking (P = 0.001). Placing a familiar trainer animal with calves at weaning, therefore, has an effect on walking distance and amount of time calves devote to walking.

scholarly journals Nutrient accumulation models in the banana (Musa AAA Simmonds cv Williams) plant under nitrogen doses

2017 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime Torres Bazurto ◽  
Jaiver Danilo Sanchez ◽  
Daniel Gerardo Cayon Salinas
Keyword(s):  
Plant Development ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Nutrient Accumulation ◽  
Banana Plant ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
Development Stages ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Absolute Control

This research determined the effect of four nitrogen (N) doses on the nutritional behavior of (N), potassium (K), phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg), respectively, in banana Williams, during five plant development stages and two productive cycles. The treatments were as follows: 1) absolute control, 2) 0 N, 3) 161 kg N ha-1, 4) 321.8 kg N ha-1 and 5) 483 kg N ha-1, respectively. A multivariate approach of the differences among cycles was used to adjust the models and eliminate their individual effect, with a randomized complete block design with repeated measurements over time. There were significant differences among plant development stages, with an increase in nutrient accumulation in the banana plant, there were no differences among treatments or blocks, nor in the interaction block by treatment, but the dose of 321.8 kg of N, exhibited a fructification increase in terms of N accumulation, harvest was exceeded by the dose of 483 kg of nitrogen, Ca and Mg, were the other nutrients, which showed effect at the dose of 483 kg of N but increasing only to harvest. It was concluded that high doses of nitrogen showed a trend to increase nutrient accumulation during the development of the banana plant, but especially until fructification, with the exception of Ca and Mg, which achieved the greatest accumulation in harvest.

scholarly journals Accumulation and distribution of micronutrients in banana cv. Williams (Musa AAA Simmonds) with different doses of nitrogen

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime Torres-Bazurto ◽  
Stanislav Magnitskiy ◽  
Jaiver Danilo Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Multivariate Approach ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Major Response ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Organ Specific ◽  
Production Cycles ◽  
Whole Plants ◽  
Different Doses

This research evaluated the effect of nitrogen fertilization (0, 161, 321.8, or 483 kg ha-1) on the accumulation of Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, and B in banana plants cv. Williams in two production cycles in Uraba, Colombia. The micronutrient accumulation models for the plants were obtained with a multivariate approach for differences between cycles, using a randomized complete block design with repeated measurements over time. The N doses with greater accumulation of Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn and B in the plants with fruits were 321.8 and 483 kg ha-1. The average sequence of micronutrient extraction by whole plants was Fe>Mn≥Zn>B>Cu in the first cycle and Fe>Cu>Mn≥Zn>B in the second cycle. The micronutrient accumulation was organ-specific and varied depending on the stage of development. Fe was the major micronutrient extracted by the corm, pseudostem, and bunch. The leaves had the greatest accumulation of Mn. The higher fertilizer doses generated a major response in terms of micronutrient extraction by the banana plants.

290 Encapsulated Sodium Butyrate (Ultramix GF) for Transitioning Neonatal Calves from Milk to Calf Starter

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 155-156
Author(s):  
David P Casper ◽  
Keith Klanderman ◽  
Steven Moreland
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Free Choice ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Calf Growth ◽  
Holstein Bull ◽  
Bull Calves ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Neonatal Calves

Abstract Butyrate (UltraMix GF; Adisseo) is known to enhance ruminal papillae development for transitioning calves to dry feed. The hypothesis was that butyrate would be beneficial to neonatal calf growth performance. Eighty 2- to 5-d old Holstein bull calves were assigned to one of 2 treatments using a randomized complete block design. Treatments were: 1) control: no butyrate; or 2) butyrate: 0.3% butyrate added to milk replacer (MR). Calves were fed 2x/d at 0630 and 1800 h along with free choice water and a 22% CP mini-pelleted calf starter (CS). The MR was fed at 0.567 kg/d for d 1–14, then increased to 0.85 kg/d for d 15–42, and feeding reduced to 1x/d for d 42–49 with weaning occurring after the 49-d experimental period. Calves fed butyrate demonstrated greater (P < 0.04) ending body weight (BW; 54.7 and 56.2 kg, for control and butyrate, respectively), BW gain (29.0 and 31.7 kg), and average daily gains (ADG; 591.3 and 647.7 g/d), compared with calves fed control. Dry matter intake (DMI) was similar (P > 0.10) for both treatments, but the number of d required for calves to consume 0.9 kg CS for 3 consecutive days (47.3 and 45.7 d) was lower (P < 0.05) for calves fed butyrate compared with calves fed control. Feed conversions were improved (P < 0.05) for calves fed butyrate (0.53 and 0.58 kg/kg) compared with calves fed control. At the end of the 49-d study, withers height tended (P < 0.10) to be greater for calves fed butyrate (85.2 and 86.0 cm) compared with calves fed control, while the remaining frame measurements (hip height, hip width, body length, and heart girth) and fecal scores were similar (P > 0.10) for calves fed both treatments. Feeding neonatal calves butyrate in the MR improved growth performance and reduced the days to transition calves to CS.

Concentrate Supplementation Frequency Effects on Early-weaned Beef Calves Grazing Annual Ryegrass

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 20-21
Author(s):  
Hugo Oliveira ◽  
Joao Vendramini ◽  
Philipe Moriel ◽  
Vinicius Gomes ◽  
Hiran da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practice ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Annual Ryegrass ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Beef Calves ◽  
Frequency Effects ◽  
Concentrate Supplementation ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Supplementation Frequency

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the concentrate supplementation frequency effects on forage characteristics and performance of early-weaned beef calves grazing annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum). The experiments were conducted in Ona, FL from February to April (Exp. 1) and June (Exp. 2) 2019 and 2020. In Exp. 1, thirty-two early-weaned calves (82±12 d of age) were allocated to 8 annual ryegrass pastures (4 calves/pasture) and supplemented with 1% BW. Treatments were 2 concentrate supplementation frequencies, daily (DAILY) or three times per week (3X; Monday, Wednesday, and Friday) distributed in a randomized complete block design with 4 replicates. Calves receiving the 3X treatment had the daily supplement level multiplied by 7 d and divided by 3 feeding days. Pastures (experimental units; 0.4 ha/pasture) were grazed with a continuous and fixed stocking rate. There was no difference in herbage mass (P = 0.85; mean = 3050 kg/ha), herbage allowance (P = 0.91; mean = 3.0 kg DM/kg BW), CP (P = 0.88; mean = 17.5%), and in vitro digestible organic matter (P = 0.82; mean = 74%). In addition, there was no difference in ADG (P = 0.60, mean = 0.65 kg/d), plasma urea nitrogen (P = 0.88; mean = 10 mg/dL), and glucose (P = 0.45; mean = 72 mg/dL). In Exp. 2, twenty early-weaned calves from Exp. 1 were maintained in the same treatment and placed in a drylot with individual stall for forage DM intake, total DM intake, and in vivo digestibility measurements. Treatments were the same described in Exp. 1 distributed in a randomized complete block design with 10 replicates. Calves receiving the DAILY treatment had greater forage DM intake (P = 0.02; 1.8 vs. 1.6% BW), total DM intake (P < 0.01; 2.7 vs. 2.5% BW), and in vivo digestibility (P < 0.01; 87 vs. 85%) than 3X. Feeding three times per week may be a feasible management practice to decrease the cost of labor related to feeding early-weaned beef calves.

DISTRIBUSI DAN IDENTIFIKASI POPULASI SINTRONG (Crossocephalum crepidiodes.Benth) RESISTEN PARAKUAT PADA LAHAN JAGUNG (Zea mays) DI KABUPATEN DAIRI

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-161
Author(s):  
Berton Sianturi
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
High Resistance ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Recommended Dose ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Susceptible Population ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Susceptible Populations

Crassocephalum crepidioides on Cornfields in Dairi Regency had been reported tobecome more difficult to control using paraquat. The objective of the research was todetermine the characteristics and the distribution of C.crepidioides resistant to paraquatin cornfields. The experiment was carried out in two steps, the first step was screeningthe population of C. crepidioides with paraquat at the recommended dose, and the secondstep, dose-response experiment for the resistance level of C. crepidioides population withdose 0, 76, 152, 304,5, 609, 1218, and 2436 g.ai /ha. In the first step experiment, paraquatdichloride was applied at 280 g.ai/ha. The treatments were arranged in a randomized blockdesign with 3 replication. The second step experiment was that the resistant populationsconfirmed in the first experiment were sprayed for their dose-response. The treatmentswere arranged in a randomized complete block design (CRBD). The results showed thatof 30 populations of C. crepidiodes, 19 populations (63.3%) were categorized to beresistant with the mortality ranging from 10.84% to 52.08%, and 11 populations (36.7%),was categorized as high resistance with mortality of 0% to 9.21%. The level ofresistance (R/S) of R-C25, R-C27, and R-C30 populations of C. crepidioides were 12,3,14,86, and 24,83 times consecutively, compared with the susceptible population. Thenumber of C. crepidioides chlorophyl leaves in susceptible populations was significantlylower than that of a resistant populations.

Response of corn (Zea mays L.) to various organic-based fertilizers in marginal upland of Sta. Rita, Samar

2017 ◽  
pp. 31-43
Author(s):  
Berta Ratilla ◽  
Loreme Cagande ◽  
Othello Capuno
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Total N ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Organic farming is one of the management strategies that improve productivity of marginal uplands. The study aimed to: (1) evaluate effects of various organic-based fertilizers on the growth and yield of corn; (2) determine the appropriate combination for optimum yield; and (3) assess changes on the soil physical and chemical properties. Experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design, with 3 replications and 7 treatments, namely; T0=(0-0-0); T1=1t ha-1 Evans + 45-30-30kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1; T2=t ha-1 Wellgrow + 45-30-30kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1; T3=15t ha-1 chicken dung; T4=10t ha-1 chicken dung + 45-30-30kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1; T5=15t ha-1 Vermicast; and T6=10t ha-1 Vermicast + 45-30-30kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1. Application of organic-based fertilizers with or without inorganic fertilizers promoted growth of corn than the control. But due to high infestation of corn silk beetle(Monolepta bifasciata Horns), its grain yield was greatly affected. In the second cropping, except for Evans, any of these fertilizers applied alone or combined with 45-30-30kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1 appeared appropriate in increasing corn earyield. Soil physical and chemical properties changed with addition of organic fertilizers. While bulk density decreased irrespective of treatments, pH, total N, available P and exchangeable K generally increased more with chicken dung application.

Effect of Bio and Organic Fertilizers on Pumpkin's (Cucurbita pepo L.) Leave Content of N, P, and K

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 241-245
Author(s):  
Ammar Hameed Madi ◽  
Jawad A. Kamal Al-Shibani
Keyword(s):  
Cucurbita Pepo ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
College Of Agriculture ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Four Levels

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of bacterial bio-fertilization A. chroococcum and P. putide and four levels of compost (0, 1, 2, 3) tons.h-1 on the leaves content of N.P.K elements. The experiment was carried out in one of the greenhouses of the College of Agriculture - University of Al-Qadisiyah during fall season 2018-2019. It designed in accordance with the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates in sandy loam soil. The means of treatments were compared with the least significant difference (LSD) at (5)% probability level. The results present that the treatments of A. chroococcum, P. putide and compost at (3) tons.kg-1 significantly increases the leaves content of K.P.K compared to all other treatments in the flowering stage (4.970, 0.5000, and 4.930) mg.kg-1, respectively. This treatment was followed by the effect of the treatment of A. chroococcum and compost at (3) tons.kg-1, which increases the values of all traits except the leaf content of (P). Bio-fertilizer with P. putide + A. chroococcum significantly increases the leaves' content of P.

Growth and Branching Responses of Portulaca grandiflora to Foliar Applications of Chemical Growth Regulators

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 447c-447
Author(s):  
T.J. Banko ◽  
M.A. Stefani
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Main Shoot ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Portulaca Grandiflora ◽  
Prostrate Growth ◽  
Secondary Shoot

During container production of portulaca, growth of long, prostrate, sparsely branched stems makes handling of plants difficult, and reduces their commercial appeal. Growers prefer to minimize shoot elongation while increasing branching to provide a full, compact plant. The objectives of this study were to evaluate growth regulators for promotion of branching and inhibition of stem elongation. Container-grown plants ≈21 cm in diameter were treated with sprays of ProShear (benzylaminopurine) at 62.4, 125, and 250 ppm; Promalin (benzyaminopurine + gibberellins 4+7) at 125, 250, and 500 ppm; Atrimmec (dikegulac) at 250, 500, and 750 ppm; and Florel (ethephon) at 250, 500, and 750 ppm. These treatments were compared with untreated controls in a randomized complete-block design. Main shoot lengths were measured at 16, 31, and 51 days after treatment (DAT). Numbers of new shoot breaks were counted 16 DAT. The growth habit, that is, tendency to grow upright or prostrate, was also evaluated 16 DAT. The most-effective material for retarding primary shoot elongation and for stimulating secondary shoot development was ProShear. At 16 DAT, 250 ppm ProShear reduced shoot elongation by 25% compared to control plants. This treatment also increased the number of secondary shoot breaks by 143%. Promalin increased the number of new shoot breaks, but it also increased the lengths of all shoots. High rates of Florel and Promalin caused shoots to grow predominantly upright rather then prostrate. ProShear, however, caused more prostrate growth as rate increased.

Influence of Nitrogen and Potassium on Three Zoysiagrasses

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 516b-516
Author(s):  
James N. McCrimmon
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Coast ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Zoysia Japonica ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Color Quality ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Color Density ◽  
Minimal Research ◽  
Micronutrient Fertilizer

Zoysiagrass has great potential for use in the Gulf Coast states as a turfgrass. There has been minimal research on the nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) fertility response of zoysiagrass and the effect on turf color, quality, and nutrient content. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of N and K fertility on zoysiagrass. A study was conducted on three zoysiagrasses: Zoysia japonica × Z. tenuifolia Willd. ex Trin. (`Emerald'); Z. japonica Steud. (`Meyer'); and Z. matrella. The N and K treatment combinations consisted of high (H) and low (L) rates of N and K at the following levels: N levels of 454 and 227 g N/92.9 m2 per month and K levels of 454 and 227 g N/92.9 m2 per month. The treatment combinations were (N and K): HH, HL, LH, and LL and were applied in two split applications monthly from July through November. The study was a randomized complete-block design with three replications. All plots received two applications of a micronutrient fertilizer (late June and August), were irrigated as needed, and maintained at a height of 3.8 cm. Color, density, texture, uniformity, and quality were determined visually for each month. Plant tissue samples were collected (September) and analyzed for macronutrient and micronutrient contents. There were significant differences for color, density, and quality in the following months: September (color and density); October (quality); and November (color and quality). There were differences in leaf texture for all months. There were significant differences for N, magnesium (Mg), and K contents but there were no differences for any micronutrient. This study indicated that all three zoysiagrasses provided acceptable color and quality during the summer and fall, and that N and K rates affected N, K, and Mg contents in the plant.

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