scholarly journals Thermal evolution of Los Cuervos formation in the southern area of the Cesar sub-basin (Colombia), based on geochemical and petrophysical data

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-192
Author(s):  
Gladys Marcela Avendaño ◽  
Luis Felipe Cruz ◽  
Luis Enrique Cruz ◽  
Mario Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Evolution ◽  
Middle Eocene ◽  
Late Eocene ◽  
Source Rocks ◽  
Early Miocene ◽  
Time Range ◽  
Southern Area ◽  
Stratigraphic Record ◽  
Continuous Deposition ◽  
Made In

The tectonic complexity to which the post-Cretaceous Cesar-Ranchería basin has been subjected has generated alterations in the evolution of its oil system, evidence of this is the lack of stratigraphic record in the Cesar sub-basin belonging to ages ranging from the Eocene to the Early Miocene. These units that are no longer present could have been deposited and eroded during this period of time, leaving their mark on the closest overlying units. Previously mentioned hypothesis oriented this research to study how the basin filling was in the time range from the Eocene to the early Miocene based on both organic (24 Tmax and 14 %Ro data) and inorganic (514 data of porosity) paleo-geothermometer data of Paleocene age formations present in two new wells ANH-LA LOMA-2 and ANH-CR-LOS CEREZOS-1X. In addition to the data provided by the wells drilled for this study, 31 published Tmax and 13 %Ro data from Los Cuervos Formation in the Calenturitas and La Jagua Mines were used. The results obtained indicate that the continuous deposition of sedimentary units did occur from the Paleocene to the middle Eocene and it is expected that the Sedimentitas del Eoceno Formation has reached a thickness between 2.5 to 3.5km with characteristics of quartz sandstones (density and compaction). This thickness of rock began to be eroded in the late Eocene to the Miocene according to recent thermo-chronological studies. The evidence obtained allow to improve the thermal evolution models of the oil system, to establish when the greatest advances were made in the transformation ratios and to estimate how the oldest source rocks of the Cesar sub-basin are currently in the studied area.

scholarly journals AGE DETERMINATION AND PALAEOGEOGRAPHIC RECONSTRUCTION OF PINDOS FORELAND BASIN BASED ON CALCAREOUS NANNOFOSSILS

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 864 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Vakalas ◽  
G. Ananiadis ◽  
N. Kontopoulos ◽  
K. K. Stoykova ◽  
A. Zelilidis
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Middle Eocene ◽  
Age Determination ◽  
Foreland Basin ◽  
Late Eocene ◽  
Early Miocene ◽  
Calcareous Nannofossils ◽  
Basin Fill

The study area is part of the Pindos foreland (Underhill, 1985). Pindos foreland is a tertiary turbiditic foreland basin fill trending parallel to the external Hellenides and occupies Gavrovo and Ionian isopic zones (Aubouin, 1959). The age of Pindos foreland sediments is still a matter of discussion. B.P. (1971) proposed an early Miocene to middle Miocene age, explaining the presence of Oligocene fauna as a product of large scale erosion and reworking of older sediments during Miocene. IGSR&IFP(1966) suggested a late Eocene to early Miocene age for the basin fill while Fleury (1980), Leigh (1991), Wilpshaar (1995), Bellas (1997) assigned an Oligocene age. Avramidis et al (1999) proposes a middle Eocene to early Miocene age assessment, using nannofosil zones from three studied cross sections in the Klematia-Paramythia basin (middle Ionian zone). The determination of the sediment ages was based on the study of calcareous nannofossils, which came from almost 120 samples covering 11 geological cross sections. The nannofosil marker species that were found in the samples were classified using the biozones proposed by Martini in 1971. According to the age assessments arose from the studied samples, clastic sedimentation in the study area began in the Middle Eocene, with small differences among the basin. The end of clastic sedimentation seems to be at different times in different parts of the basin.

Petroleum implications of the REI09 2D Reconnaissance Survey, Reinga/Northland Basin, northwest New Zealand

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 702
Author(s):  
Francois Bache ◽  
Vaughan Stagpoole ◽  
Chris Uruski
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Late Eocene ◽  
Source Rocks ◽  
Early Miocene ◽  
Reconnaissance Survey ◽  
Basin Water ◽  
Marine Influence ◽  
Five Phases ◽  
Phase Phase ◽  
Reservoir Facies

The Reinga/Northland Basin is located offshore northwest of New Zealand, adjacent to the petroleum producing Taranaki Basin. Water depths range from shelfal to more than 2,000 m. Analysis of a large multichannel 2D seismic-reflection dataset, tied to Taranaki Basin, constrains seismic stratigraphic units and unconformities formed during successive deformational events in the region. Five phases are identified. Phase one: extension that created major northwest-trending structures. The age of the graben-filling sediments is inferred to be Jurassic and/or Cretaceous. Source rocks are interpreted to have been deposited widely during this phase. Phase two: Late Cretaceous to Late Eocene regional subsidence with increasing marine influence in the Reinga region. Source and reservoir successions are inferred to have been deposited during this interval. Phase three: Late Eocene compression resulted in folding of the northwest Reinga region. Phase four: Oligocene to Early Miocene regional subsidence and emplacement of the Northern Allochthon and eruption of the Northland Volcanic Arc in earliest Miocene time. The Early Miocene deformation and volcanism relate to development of the subduction zone to the northeast of the basin. Reservoir facies were deposited in regions affected by deformation and seal facies were deposited in distal regions. Phase five: From the mid-Miocene to the present day subsidence continued in the Reinga Basin with deposition of pelagic sediments. Uplift of the Wanganella Ridge, in the northwest part of the Reinga region in the Middle Miocene and intermittent deformation in the northeast through to Pliocene time resulted in localised deposition of channel and fan reservoir facies.

Middle Eocene through Early Miocene North American Vegetational History: 50-16.3 Ma

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Graham
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Nevada ◽  
Rocky Mountains ◽  
Middle Eocene ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Late Eocene ◽  
Early Miocene ◽  
Northern Rocky Mountains ◽  
Atmospheric Circulation Patterns ◽  
Early Oligocene ◽  
Latest Eocene

During the Middle Eocene through the Early Miocene, erosion of the Appalachian Mountains exceeded uplift and there was a net reduction in elevation. In the Rocky Mountains uplift continued through the Middle Eocene (end of the Laramide orogeny), waned in the Middle Tertiary, and then increased beginning at about 10 Ma. Earlier reconstructions placed paleoelevations in the Rocky Mountains during the Middle Eocene through the Early Miocene at approximately half the present relief. The maximum elevation in the Front Ranges during the latest Eocene was estimated at ~2500 m (~8000 ft; MacGinitie, 1953). Recent approximations are for nearly modern elevations in several areas by the Eocene-Oligocene. Extensive Eocene volcanism deposited ash and blocked drainage systems, augmenting uplift and facilitating the preservation of extensive fossil floras and faunas. In the far west the beginning of Tertiary volcanism in the Sierra Nevada is dated at ~ 33 Ma near the Eocene-Oligocene boundary. A drying trend becomes evident in the Middle Eocene and reduced moisture, along with the waning of volcanic activity in the Oligocene, restricted conditions favorable to fossilization. The number of Oligocene floras in the northern Rocky Mountains is considerably fewer than in younger deposits to the west. In the absence of extensive plate reorganization and orogeny, CO2 concentration decreased, which contributed to a temperature decline that continued through the Cenozoic and intensified in the Late Tertiary. Recall from Chapter 2 (sections on orogeny and volcanism) that uplift plays a role in determining long-term climate by creating rainshadows, altering atmospheric circulation patterns, and increasing the erosion of silicate rocks that causes a drawdown of CO2. This allows heat to escape from the troposphere and results in lower temperatures. Marine benthic temperatures were ~10°C in the early Late Eocene and ~2°C near the Eocene-Oligocene boundary, assuming an essentially ice-free Earth during that time, and increased to ~5-6°Cnear the end of the Early Miocene. Temperatures over land in the midnorthern latitudes are estimated to have dropped by ~12°C between the Late Eocene and Early Oligocene (Wolfe, 1992a).

Sedimentary facies and the rifting process during the late Cretaceous to early Oligocene in the northern continental margin, South China Sea

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. SP33-SP45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhe Wu ◽  
Weilin Zhu ◽  
Lei Shao ◽  
Changhai Xu
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
Continental Margin ◽  
Late Cretaceous ◽  
South China ◽  
Middle Eocene ◽  
Sedimentary Facies ◽  
Late Eocene ◽  
Source Rocks ◽  
China Sea ◽  
Early Oligocene

The late Cretaceous to early Oligocene strata in the northern continental margin of the South China Sea (SCS) are significant for understanding the contemporaneous continental rifting of the margin prior to the opening of the central SCS oceanic basin. Using new seismic and drilling data, combined with previous results, we have identified three episodes of rifting from the late Cretaceous to early Oligocene based on analyses of major unconformities, tectonostratigraphic units, and sedimentary facies. The first episode of rifting that occurred only in the Pearl River Mouth (PRM) basin during the late Cretaceous to Paleocene is observed. During the early to middle Eocene, littoral-shallow lacustrine and fan-delta facies were distributed in some faulted half-grabens in the Qiongdongnan (QDN) basin, while deep lacustrine deposits widely developed in the PRM basin. During the late Eocene to early Oligocene, marine transgression propagated from the southeast into the QDN, southern PRM, and Taixinan basins. We have inferred that late Cretaceous to the middle Eocene rifting is characterized by uniform lithospheric stretching related to the retreat of the paleo-Pacific subduction zone, whereas the late Eocene to the early Oligocene rifting controlled by multiple factors is characterized by depth-dependent lithospheric extension. It is the differential rifting process that led to the differentiation in the types and distribution of source rocks in the basins of northern SCS margin.

scholarly journals Effective source rock selection and oil–source correlation in the Western Slope of the northern Songliao Basin, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 398-415
Author(s):  
He Bi ◽  
Peng Li ◽  
Yun Jiang ◽  
Jing-Jing Fan ◽  
Xiao-Yue Chen
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Source Rock ◽  
Thermal Evolution ◽  
Songliao Basin ◽  
Source Rocks ◽  
Crude Oils ◽  
Western Slope ◽  
Geochemical Parameters ◽  
Group I ◽  
Oil Source

AbstractThis study considers the Upper Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation, Yaojia Formation, and the first member of the Nenjiang Formation in the Western Slope of the northern Songliao Basin. Dark mudstone with high abundances of organic matter of Gulong and Qijia sags are considered to be significant source rocks in the study area. To evaluate their development characteristics, differences and effectiveness, geochemical parameters are analyzed. One-dimensional basin modeling and hydrocarbon evolution are also applied to discuss the effectiveness of source rocks. Through the biomarker characteristics, the source–source, oil–oil, and oil–source correlations are assessed and the sources of crude oils in different rock units are determined. Based on the results, Gulong and Qijia source rocks have different organic matter primarily detrived from mixed sources and plankton, respectively. Gulong source rock has higher thermal evolution degree than Qijia source rock. The biomarker parameters of the source rocks are compared with 31 crude oil samples. The studied crude oils can be divided into two groups. The oil–source correlations show that group I oils from Qing II–III, Yao I, and Yao II–III members were probably derived from Gulong source rock and that only group II oils from Nen I member were derived from Qijia source rock.

scholarly journals Stratigraphic revision and reconstruction of the deep-sea fan of the Voirons Flysch (Voirons Nappe, Chablais Prealps)

2021 ◽  
Vol 114 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jérémy Ragusa ◽  
Lina Maria Ospina-Ostios ◽  
Pascal Kindler ◽  
Mario Sartori
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sea ◽  
Distal Part ◽  
Accretionary Prism ◽  
Proximal Part ◽  
Late Eocene ◽  
Lithostratigraphic Units ◽  
Stratigraphic Record ◽  
Sea Fan ◽  
Stratigraphic Evolution ◽  
Depositional Setting

AbstractThe Voirons Flysch (Caron in Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae 69:297–308, 1976), is a flysch sequence aggregated into the sedimentary accretionary prism of the Chablais and Swiss Prealps. Its palaeogeographic location is still debated (South Piemont or Valais realm). We herein present a stratigraphic revision of the westernmost unit of the former Gurnigel Nappe sensu Caron (Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae 69:297–308, 1976): the Voirons Flysch. This flysch is subdivided into three lithostratigraphic units at the formation level (the Voirons Sandstone, the Vouan Conglomerate, the Boëge Marl), with an additional unit (Bruant Sandstone) of uncertain attribution, ranging from the early Eocene to probably the late Eocene. We further propose a new model of the depositional setting of the deep-sea of the Voirons Flysch based on palaeocurrent directions, the overall geometry and sedimentary features. This model depicts an eastward deflected deep-sea fan. The stratigraphic record of the proximal part of this fan is fairly complete in the Voirons area, whereas its most distal part is only represented by one small exposure of thinly bedded sandstones in the Fenalet quarry. The stratigraphic evolution of the Voirons Flysch shows two major disruptions of the detrital sedimentation at the transition between Voirons Sandstone—Vouan Conglomerate and Vouan Conglomerate—Boëge Marl. The cause of these disturbances has to be constrained in the framework of the palaeogeographic location of the Voirons Flysch.

scholarly journals The Cenozoic Malaguide Basin from Sierra Espuña (Murcia, S Spain): An Example of Geological Heritage

Geosciences ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Santiago Moliner-Aznar ◽  
Manuel Martín-Martín ◽  
Tomás Rodríguez-Estrella ◽  
Gregorio Romero-Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Middle Eocene ◽  
Geological Heritage ◽  
Passive Margin ◽  
Early Miocene ◽  
Late Oligocene ◽  
Deep Basin ◽  
Sedimentary Evolution ◽  
Early Oligocene ◽  
Upper Oligocene ◽  
Very High

The Cenozoic Malaguide Basin from Sierra Espuña (Internal Betic Zone, S Spain) due to the quality of outcropping, areal representation, and continuity in the sedimentation can be considered a key-basin. In the last 30 years, a large number of studies with very different methodological approaches have been done in the area. Models indicate an evolution from passive margin to wedge-top basin from Late Cretaceous to Early Miocene. Sedimentation changes from limestone platforms with scarce terrigenous inputs, during the Paleocene to Early Oligocene, to the deep basin with huge supplies of turbidite sandstones and conglomerates during the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene. The area now appears structured as an antiformal stack with evidence of synsedimentary tectonics. The Cenozoic tectono-sedimentary basin evolution is related to three phases: (1) flexural tectonics during most of the Paleogene times to create the basin; (2) fault and fold compartmentation of the basin with the creation of structural highs and subsiding areas related to blind-fault-propagation folds, deforming the basin from south to north during Late Oligocene to Early Aquitanian times; (3) thin-skin thrusting tectonics when the basin began to be eroded during the Late Aquitanian-Burdigalian. In recent times some works on the geological heritage of the area have been performed trying to diffuse different geological aspects of the sector to the general public. A review of the studies performed and the revisiting of the area allow proposing different key-outcrops to follow the tectono-sedimentary evolution of the Cenozoic basin from this area. Eight sites of geological interest have been selected (Cretaceous-Cenozoic boundary, Paleocene Mula Fm, Lower Eocene Espuña-Valdelaparra Fms, Middle Eocene Malvariche-Cánovas Fms, Lowermost Oligocene As Fm, Upper Oligocene-Lower Aquitanian Bosque Fm, Upper Oligocene-Aquitanian Río Pliego Fm, Burdigalian El Niño Fm) and an evaluation has been performed to obtain four parameters: the scientific value, the educational and touristic potential, and the degradation risk. The firsts three parameters obtained values above 50 being considered of “high” or “very high” interest (“very high” in most of the cases). The last parameter shows always values below 50 indicating a “moderate” or “low” risk of degradation. The obtained values allow us considering the tectono-sedimentary evolution of this basin worthy of being proposed as a geological heritage.

scholarly journals Late oligocene–early miocene shortening in the Thrace Basin, northern Aegean

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ümitcan Erbil ◽  
Aral I. Okay ◽  
Aynur Hakyemez
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Middle Eocene ◽  
Early Miocene ◽  
Fold Axis ◽  
Late Oligocene ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Sedimentary Sequences ◽  
The North ◽  
Early Oligocene ◽  
Thrace Basin

AbstractLate Cenozoic was a period of large-scale extension in the Aegean. The extension is mainly recorded in the metamorphic core complexes with little data from the sedimentary sequences. The exception is the Thrace Basin in the northern Aegean, which has a continuous record of Middle Eocene to Oligocene marine sedimentation. In the Thrace Basin, the Late Oligocene–Early Miocene was characterized by north-northwest (N25°W) shortening leading to the termination of sedimentation and formation of large-scale folds. We studied the stratigraphy and structure of one of these folds, the Korudağ anticline. The Korudağ anticline has formed in the uppermost Eocene–Lower Oligocene siliciclastic turbidites with Early Oligocene (31.6 Ma zircon U–Pb age) acidic tuff beds. The turbidites are underlain by a thin sequence of Upper Eocene pelagic limestone. The Korudağ anticline is an east-northeast (N65°E) trending fault-propagation fold, 9 km wide and 22 km long and with a subhorizontal fold axis. It is asymmetric with shallowly-dipping northern and steeply-dipping southern limbs. Its geometry indicates about 1 km of shortening in a N25°W direction. The folded strata are unconformably overlain by Middle Miocene continental sandstones, which constrain the age of folding. The Korudağ anticline and other large folds in the Thrace Basin predate the inception of the North Anatolian Fault (NAF) by at least 12 myr. The Late Oligocene–Early Miocene (28–17 Ma) shortening in the Thrace Basin and elsewhere in the Balkans forms an interlude between two extensional periods, and is probably linked to changes in the subduction dynamics along the Hellenic trench.

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