scholarly journals Administration of early post-partum oral drench in dairy cows: effect on metabolic profile

2015 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 10-17
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Schallenberger Gonçalves ◽  
Felipe Cardoso ◽  
Fábio De Souza Guagnini ◽  
Leidy Johanna Reyes Castañeda ◽  
Félix Gonzalez
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Profile ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Subclinical Ketosis ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Beta Hydroxybutyrate

<p>Some prophylactic treatments have been proposed in high-yielding dairy cattle in order to minimize the effects of negative energy balance and some disturbances such as hypocalcaemia and ketosis. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of two doses of Drench within 24 h after calving on the metabolic profile and prevention of ketosis. A total of 48 cows from a herd in Rio Grande do Sul state (southern Brazil) was used in the study. The animals were randomly selected and treated orally with Drench (N= 32, propylene glycol, electrolytes and choline in 40 L of water) and water (N= 16) used as control. Blood samples were collected by blood coccygeal venipuncture through a vacutainer plain system tubes. Biochemical determinations were performed in serum (albumin, urea, cholesterol, triglycerides, non-esterified fatty acids -NEFA-, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, aspartate transaminase -AST- and gammaglutamyl-transferase -GGT-) and a cow-side determination of beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) was performed using the Abbot blood Precision Xtra system. All cows in the experiment had their milk production controlled. The Drench treatment produces a tendency to a better milk yield (32.5 vs 29.6 L/cow/day) and helps to prevent subclinical ketosis, as indicated by a lesser prevalence of subclinical ketosis (29.7 vs 37.2%) and mean values of BHB (1.19 vs 1.27 mmol/L) as well as a lesser lipolysis as indicated by NEFA values (509 vs 1.560 µmol/L).  The other components of the metabolic profile did not have substantial effects between treatments. In short, on the conditions of the present work, the Drench treatment is an effective management tool for prevention of subclinical ketosis and severe lipolysis.</p>

scholarly journals Protein, energetic, enzymatic and mineral profile of Nellore cows during the pregnancy, parturition and postpartum

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. e49022
Author(s):  
Wagner Dias Coelho de Oliveira ◽  
Tairon Pannunzio Dias e Silva ◽  
Leílson Rocha Bezerra ◽  
Marcos Jácome de Araújo ◽  
Ricardo Loiola Edvan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Live Weight ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Normal Variation ◽  
Blood Biomarkers ◽  
Total Proteins ◽  
Mineral Profile ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Beta Hydroxybutyrate

The aim of this study was to evaluate the protein energetic, enzymatic and mineral profile of Nellore cows during the pregnancy, parturition and postpartum. Fifteen multiparous cows with 4 ± 1 years of age and live weight of 400 ± 50 kg were used at different stages (non-pregnant, in the initial, middle and late pregnancy, at birth, one day postpartum, 30 and 60 days postpartum). Blood collections were performed every 30 days and assayed for the following blood biomarkers: Protein (total proteins, albumin, urea and creatinine), energetic (cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose and beta hydroxybutyrate), mineral (calcium, phosphorus, magnesium) and enzymatic (alkaline phosphatase and aspartate aminotransferase). Calcium had the lowest concentrations (p < 0.05) in the initial pregnancy, while phosphorus had the highest concentration at parturition (p < 0.05). Triglycerides, glucose and beta hydroxybutyrate were influenced by the stages of pregnancy, reducing in the late pregnancy and at parturition. Glucose had a reduction in the late pregnancy and elevation in the postpartum. Beta hydroxybutyrate showed increase at the late pregnancy. Although lipomobilization occurred in the phases of higher metabolic demands in the attempt to maintain homeostatic conditions. Nellore cows did not present negative energy balance in the late pregnancy period, maintaining normal variation in blood markers throughout the experimental period.

scholarly journals Evaluation of freezing point in milk from buffalos reared in Calabria, Italy

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlotta Ceniti ◽  
Domenico Britti ◽  
Francesca Trimboli ◽  
Valeria Maria Morittu ◽  
Vincenzo Lopreiato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Freezing Point ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Buffalo Milk ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Lactation Stage ◽  
External Water ◽  
Daily Milk Production ◽  
Beta Hydroxybutyrate

Evaluation of freezing point is one of the most common technique used to detect milk adulteration such as addition of external water to increase volume. The aim of this study was to evaluate the freezing point of buffalo milk using infrared spectroscopy and to assess how it is influenced by other milk components. A total of 361 individual buffalo milk samples were collected monthly from March to August of 2017 in a dairy farm in Catanzaro district, Italy. Samples were tested for freezing point, urea, acetone and beta-hydroxybutyrate, percent of fat, protein, lactose, casein, by Fourier Transformed Spectroscopy. The pH and daily milk production were also recorded. Freezing point ranged from -0.574°C to - 0.512°C and the mean values was -0.545°C ±0.010. According to lactation stage, freezing point decreased until 210 days post-partum reaching the minimum value of −0.550°C, then it slightly increased during lactation; according to sampling month the highest and lowest values were recorded in August and June, respectively. A positive correlation between freezing point and lactose content were evidenced (r=0.1806, P<0.05). Moreover, a faintly positive correlation was also found between freezing point and beta-idroxibutirrate (r=0.0869, P<0.05) and acetone (r=0.0096, P<0.05), whereas a negative correlation with fat (r=−0.2356, P<0.05), protein (r=-0.1855, P<0.05), casein (r=-0.2127, P<0.05) and urea (r=-0.1229, P<0.05) was evidenced.

scholarly journals Functions and principles of standardization of innovative labour for it industry projects

2021 ◽  
pp. 51-60
Author(s):  
Ivanna Pererva
Keyword(s):  
Management Tool ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
It Professionals ◽  
It Industry ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Innovative Work ◽  
Work Functions ◽  
Different Levels

Purpose. The aim of the article is the research of modern trends in labour rationing in the IT industry; determination of the functions of standardization of innovative labour of IT specialists at three levels of management ‒ macro-, meso- (the level of the IT industry) and micro- (the level of the enterprise of the IT industry); substantiation of the principles of standardization of innovative work in the IT industry. Methodology of research. The method of logical generalization and office research was used to substantiate the functions, features, principles of standardization of innovative work in the IT industry, and the graphic method was used to visualize the presented results. Results. Current trends are considered and the main problems associated with the IT industry are explored to achieve this goal. Based on the generalization of theoretical provisions on the rationing of innovative work of IT professionals at the macro, meso, micro-economic levels, the main functions of rationing of innovative work at these levels are determined. The principles of rationing of innovative work in the IT industry are substantiated on the basis of their combination into three groups: features of rationing of innovative work, features of work of IT specialists and principles of labour rationing with separation of general and specific. Originality. The list of general and specific principles of rationing of innovative work in the IT industry is substantiated, which, unlike the existing ones, takes into account the peculiarities of rationing of innovative work of IT specialists, which allows to determine the role of innovative work in the development of an innovative model of employment and changing the structure of this model in the labour market. Practical value. Rationalization of labour processes based on innovative work can be ensured in the case of using an effective management tool, which is rationing. Generalized theoretical provisions on the functions of standardization of innovative work at different levels, sound principles of standardization of innovative work in the IT industry will help increase the validity of norms and standards of time for IT workers and enhance innovative work of employees in the IT industry. Key words: innovations, innovative work, IT industry, rationing of innovative work, functions and principles of labour rationing.

Colorimetric Determination of Hydroxyproline as Measure of Collagen Content in Meat and Meat Products: NMKL Collaborative Study

1990 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurt Kolar
Keyword(s):  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Colorimetric Method ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Colorimetric Determination ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Collaborative Studies ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Analytical Result

Abstract A colorimetric method for the determination of hydroxyproline as a measure of collagen in meat and meat products has been collaboratively studied in 18 laboratories. The method includes hydrolysis with sulfuric acid, oxidation with chloramine- T, and formation of a reddish purple complex with 4- dimethylaminobenzaldehyde. Five frozen and 3 freeze-dried samples were tested, ranging in content from 0.11 to 0.88% and from 0.39 to 4.0% hydroxyproline, respectively. The mean values of 2 identical samples were 0.245 and 0.251 %. The average recovery from a spiked sample was 96.1 %. The hydroxyproline content of a known sample (a mixture of 2 samples in the ratio 5:2) was calculated to 1.42%, which agrees well with the analytical result, 1.40%. In comparison with other collaborative studies, based on the ISO analytical method, the repeatability and reproducibility of this method agree well with the other results. This method was accepted as an official NMKL method by all national Committees, and has been adopted official first action by AOAC as an NMKLAOAC method.

SENSITIVE AND SPECIFIC ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY FOR UROKINASE-TYPE PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR IN HUMAN PLASMA

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Grøndahl-HANSEN ◽  
N Agerlin ◽  
L S Nielsen ◽  
K Danø
Keyword(s):  
Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Amino Terminal ◽  
Type Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Healthy Donors ◽  
Urokinase Type Plasminogen Activator ◽  
The Mean

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for the measurement of human urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA) in plasma and serum. Microtiter plates were coated with a monoclonal antibody and incubated with standard or sample. Bound u-PA was quantitated with polyclonal antibodies conjugated with biotin, followed by avidin-peroxidase. The assay was 10-fold as sensitive as other previously reported ELISAs, the detection limit being approximately 1 pg of u-PA in a volume of 100 μl with a linear dose-response up to 15 pg of u-PA. The assay detected active u-PA and its inactive proenzyme form equally well and the recovery of both forms was higher than 90% in plasma. A variety of structurally related proteins, including t-PA, were tested, but no reaction with proteins other than u-PA and its amino-terminal degradation product were observed. The intra-assay and inter-assay coefficients of variation for determination of u-PA in plasma were 7.6% and 8.4%, respectively. The assay was equally applicable to serum. The values obtained with plasma and serum were similar, and the results were not affected by small variations in the preparation of the samples. The ELISA was used to measure the concentration of u-PA in plasma from 34 healthy donors. The mean values for u-PA in plasma from healthy donors was 1.1 ng/ml ± 0.3 ng/ml (SD) (range 0.6 - 1.5 ng/ml). No significant differences were found between men and women and no correlation between u-PA concentration and age could be demonstrated.The mean u-PA concentration in plasma from healthy donors obtained in this study is substantially lower than that reported by others. This might be due to different methods of determination of the protein content of the standard preparations or to differences in the specificity of the assays.

Effect of induced metabolic acidosis on intracellular pH, buffer capacity and contraction force of human skeletal muscle

1985 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 505-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Hultman ◽  
S. Del Canale ◽  
H. Sjöholm
Keyword(s):  
Buffer Capacity ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Muscle Ph ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Ph Buffer ◽  
Total Capacity ◽  
Ph Decrease ◽  
Muscle Biopsies

1. Five volunteers were studied before and after oral administration of NH4Cl (0.3 g/kg body wt.) given in order to create a moderate acidosis. 2. The quadriceps femoris muscles were stimulated electrically for 75 s and muscle biopsies for determination of pH and metabolite content were taken before, at the end of contraction and after 10 min in the recovery period. 3. Muscle pH at rest (mean 7.04) was not significantly decreased after acidification despite an extracellular pH decrease of 0.15 unit. 4. After contraction muscle pH was significantly lower after NH4Cl. Mean values before and after acidification were 6.70 and 6.54 respectively. 5. The buffer capacity calculated as the total capacity of the muscle to buffer H+ produced during the isometric contraction before and after NH4Cl ingestion was reduced from 68.6 sl to 54.5 sl. 6. The force produced by contracting muscle was significantly lower at the end of the contraction period after NH4Cl ingestion, 44.6% of initial compared with 55.4% without NH4Cl.

Hemodynamic control using models of electroacoustic signals of an oxygenated neuron

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 50-54
Author(s):  
B.G. Tsugkiev ◽  
◽  
L.Ch. Gagieva ◽  
T.V. Tsugkieva ◽  
M.M. Chegaev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Comparative Assessment ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Onobrychis Viciifolia ◽  
Iron Copper ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Active Substances

The paper presents a comparative assessment of the nutritional value depending on the phenological phase of Onobrychis viciifolia Scop., as well as the determination of the regularity of the accumulation of biologically active substances and heavy metals in the herb of the species. The yield of green mass of plants was determined. From each hectare of sowing, 9,7 centners of protein can be obtained; the yield of fiber is 13 centners, BEV is 22,9 centners, fat is 1,6 centners, ash is 4 centners and carotene is 13.0 kg. Depending on the growing season, the chemical composition in the grass of Onobrychis viciifolia changes. The content of calcium, phosphorus increases, and the presence of iron, copper, cobalt, zinc, manganese and molybdenum and amino acids decreases.

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