scholarly journals Dynamics of Operations of the State Noble Land Bank on the Territory of the Samara Province in the late XIX – early XX century

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-273
Author(s):  
Roman V. Fedoseev
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rates ◽  
Land Ownership ◽  
The State ◽  
Difficult Situation ◽  
Historical Archive ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Entire Amount ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
Land Bank ◽  
Credit Institutions

Introduction. The nobles-landowners were in a difficult situation after the reforms of the middle of the XIX century. They lost the opportunity to use free labor in the form of their serfs, were in dire need of money, both for the purpose of hiring freelance workers and for the modernization of their economies. As a result, many of them used the services of actively created in this period of land credit institutions that issued loans at high interest rates and on unfavorable terms and, as a result, causing the ruin of the nobles-landowners. In connection with the above, the creation of a system of state noble land lending was an important tool to support the noble land ownership, being a powerful deterrent to the process of reducing the noble land ownership and at the same time providing the necessary funds for the modernization of estates. Materials and Methods. The study was conducted on the basis of a comprehensive analysis of statistical information contained in the reports of the Samara branch of the State Noble Land Bank, as well as archival data extracted from the Fund of the credit institution, located in the vaults of the Russian state historical archive. Results. According to the results of the analysis of data on the Samara province, the main indicators of the State Noble Land Bank, their dynamics, as well as the features of the studied processes were demonstrated. Noted and statistically confirmed reduction in lending after the revolution of 1905–1907, which caused a revision of agricultural policy. The uneven distribution of loans in the counties of the considered province was shown, which was primarily due to the different number of noble land ownership in them. It is revealed that the share of the Noble Bank in the studied province was more than 95 % of the total number of loans issued by land credit institutions secured by land ownership. Discussion and Conclusions. The preferential nature of lending allowed the State Noble Land Bank to concentrate in its hands almost the entire amount of debt of the local nobility of the Samara province. The Bank had pledged a large part of the land ownership of the nobility, a large part of the debt of the nobility of the land were in the State Noble Land Bank.

scholarly journals THE SIZE OF THE DEBT OF THE NOBLE LAND TENURE OF THE MIDDLE VOLGA REGION LAND CREDIT INSTITUTIONS IN THE LATE NINETEENTH CENTURY

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-59
Author(s):  
Roman V. Fedoseev
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Land Ownership ◽  
The State ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Economic Science ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Middle Volga ◽  
Land Bank ◽  
Credit Institutions

Introduction. The process of establishing a system of loans secured by land ownership, which took place in the second half of the nineteenth century, was of great importance in the capitalization of agricultural production. Caught in the plight of the landed gentry lost after the reform, the ability to use free labor in the form of their serfs, was in great need in money as in order to freelance workers and to modernize their economies, to fill which just managed the joint-stock land banks. At the same time, tough credit conditions led many of them to the ruin and sale of estates, which forced the government to resort to the practice of concessional lending in the face of the state Noble land Bank. Materials and Methods. The study was carried out on the basis of a comprehensive analysis of archival data extracted from the Fund of the state Noble land Bank, which is located in the vaults of the Russian state historical archive. The solution of the research tasks required the involvement of a set of methods of historical and economic science. In the course of the research such methods as comparative-historical, systematic, quantitative, statistical, structural approach and complex analysis were used. Results. The analysis of statistical data of the Middle Volga region reflected the amount of debt of estates of hereditary nobles in the Middle Volga region to credit institutions at the end of the XIX century. It was also demonstrated the specificity of the travel indicators of land credit institutions in the provinces of the Middle Volga region. It was found that the share of the Noble Bank in the region was more than 90 % of the total number of loans issued on the security of land ownership. Discussion and Conclusions. As a result, the created system led to the fact that almost 2/3 of private land ownership was pledged by credit institutions. A significant part of the earned money was spent on the payment of interest, the possibility of timely payment of which directly depended on many indicators: the harvest, methods of management, specific conditions of the area, as well as the presence or absence of the labor market and other similar circumstances. Many landowners, unable to cope with loans, sold part or the entire estate in order to eliminate debts.

scholarly journals The official name of the Russian state in the domestic norm-making practice of the second half of the XIXth century

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 11-19
Author(s):  
I. V. Ganusenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
Semantic Content ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The State ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Scientific Article ◽  
Russian State ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
Relationship Of

Consideration in the scientific article The question of the relationship of the regulatory terminology used as the official name of the Russian state is due to the problem of the absence of a single scientific approach in determining its semantic content and is dedicated to the 300th anniversary of the proclamation of the name of the state “Russian Empire”. The features of the rulemaking practice on the official consolidation of the name of the state with the simultaneous use of regulatory terms “Russia”, “Russian Empire”, “Empire” and “Russian State”, having an equivalent semantic value in the name of the same state that operated in the specific historical period of its development. Allocated the generals patterns of the applied context of said terminology in regulatory legal acts of various sectoral affiliation. It was concluded that there is no synonymous properties and the difference in the context of the contents of the second half of the XIX century the terms “Russia” and “Russian Empire”, which are used by the domestic legislator, which is used depending on the type and subject of regulated public relations.

scholarly journals Mortgage of land by nobles in the state noble land bank in the Kazan province in the late XIX – early XX centuries

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-265
Author(s):  
Eduard D. Bogatyrev
Keyword(s):  
Complex Analysis ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Land Ownership ◽  
Mortgage Lending ◽  
The State ◽  
Significant Part ◽  
Major Player ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Land Bank

Introduction. The abolition of serfdom confronted Russian landowner nobles with a new reality, when the possibility of using the resource potential of extremely cheap labor of serfs was firstly limited, and then completely disappeared. At the same time, it is necessary to take into account the presence of a significant part of the nobleman’s debts, as a result of which almost a quarter of them did not receive redemption payments that went to pay off the debt. In these conditions, many nobles were in a situation of lack of funds. The main source of finding these funds for the local nobility were operations with the land, its sale or pledge. In this situation, the nobility was extremely interested in obtaining a long-term loan secured by land. This led to the emergence of land banks, the largest of which was the State Noble Land Bank, which carried out mortgage lending to nobles on favorable terms. His activity was of great importance for the development of the noble economy in the new conditions. Materials and Methods. The study is based on the analysis of mainly statistical materials reflecting the activities of the State Noble Land Bank. A study of the regional characteristics of his activities reveals the features of the main trends in the development of noble land ownership in certain areas of the Russian Empire. In the research process, comparative-historical, systemic, quantitative, statistical methods and complex analysis were used. Results. During the analysis of statistical data on the territory of the Kazan province, the reasons were identified that prompted the nobles to pledge their estates and caused the emergence of land banks, reflects the performance indicators of the State Noble Land Bank with the identification of train specifics. It was revealed that the preferential terms of credit provided to the nobles allowed him to become a major player in this area and receive the lion’s share of transactions on the issuance of loans secured by noble estates. Discussion and Conclusions. As a result, this led to the fact that by the beginning of the 20th century, the most of the land belonging to the nobility of the Kazan province was mortgaged precisely in the State Noble Land Bank. His activity allowed the nobles to less loss and to solve the problems arising in the new economic conditions. But, despite the measures taken by the government to support noble land ownership, a significant part of the nobles could not overcome them and was forced to sell their land. At the same time, in general, the Kazan province during the reviewed period had the lowest rate of reduction of noble land ownership.

The last Russian hunters on Spitsbergen in 1851—1852: the tragedy of the crew of the ship “Grigorij Bogoslov”

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (10-2) ◽  
pp. 185-195
Author(s):  
Ruslan Davydov
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Arkhangelsk Region ◽  
Historical Archive ◽  
Russian State ◽  
First Time

This publication is dedicated to the tragedy of the crew of the ship “Grigorij Bogoslov” during a Pomor hunting expedition to Spitsbergen in 1851. It is prepared mainly on the basis of documents from the State Archive of the Arkhangelsk Region and the Russian State Historical Archive, most of which publish for the first time.

scholarly journals Structure and profitability of the noble household according to the estimated descriptions of the State Nobility land bank at the end of XIX century (according to the materials of the Kazan province)

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-41
Author(s):  
Roman V. Fedoseev
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Material Base ◽  
Reform Era ◽  
Livestock Breeding ◽  
Horse Breeding ◽  
National Archives ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Land Bank

Introduction. The study of the processes that took place in the post-reform era in the noble economy is one of the main foundations of the analysis of the capitalist evolution of the agrarian sphere of the late XIX – early XX centuries. After the reform of 1861, the local nobility, adapting to the needs of the time, switched to new forms and methods of management, which led to significant changes in the production structure of their estates. Materials and Methods. The study was carried out on the basis of a comprehensive analysis of the valuables contained in the files of the Kazan branch of the State Noble Land Bank, extracted from the fund of the specified credit institution, located in the vaults of the National Archives of the Republic of Tatarstan. Results. The information contained in the appraisal list makes it possible to successfully consider the structure of estates, their material base, as well as the degree of profitability of the main branches of economic activity. Of course, not all inventories contained detailed information about the pledged property, many of them lacked some elements, in particular, there could be no listing of income and expenses and other valuable information, but in general they revealed the structure, degree of capitalization and profitability of the noble households Kazan province of the period under review. Discussion and Conclusions. As a result, the study showed that, by the end of the 19th century, noble economies were rather large economic complexes with a well-developed material and production base, where labor was most often carried out on the job of civilian workers, or wasp processing, most of the estates had a variety of agricultural machines and inventory, horse breeding was quite developed, livestock breeding was less developed.

scholarly journals ADMINISTRATIVE STRUCTURES OF THE CATHOLIC CHURCH IN SIBERIA IN THE CONTEXT OF STATE-CONFESSIONAL POLICY (THE 19TH - EARLY 20TH CENTURIES)

2021 ◽  
pp. 47-55
Author(s):  
TATYANA G. NEDZELYUK ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Catholic Church ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The State ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Historical Archive ◽  
Russian State ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Administrative Structures ◽  
Roman Catholics

The article studies the peculiarities of the state and confessional policy of the Russian Empire in the 19th - early 20th centuries in relation to Roman Catholics. The materials that served as the basis for the study are stored both in the Russian State Historical Archive and in the archives of Siberian cities: Tobolsk, Tomsk, Omsk, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk. Government orders of identical content were sent to all Siberian provincial centers, but in Tomsk they are in the best state of preservation, which gave us the opportunity to systematize them and use them for analysis. Government orders of identical content were sent to all Siberian provincial centers, but they are in the Tomsk State Archive in the best degree of preservation, which gave us the opportunity to systematize them and use them for analysis. The study revealed that the initiative to create the first Catholic parishes in Siberia belonged to the government and was dictated by the desire to remove the clergy of the Jesuit оrder from the capital...

scholarly journals The Experience of the Constitutional Development in the Russian Empire on the Territory of the Grand Duchy of Finland and the Kingdom of Poland

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 64-66
Author(s):  
Valentina V. Naumkina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
State Policy ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Heterogeneous Population ◽  
The State ◽  
Constitutional Development ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Management Experience ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
Grand Duchy

The article considers the state policy in the field of constitutional legislation in the XIX century on certain territories of the Russian state. The expansion of the state’s territory led to the presence of a heterogeneous population in terms of socio-economic development, religious beliefs, and lifestyle. The purpose of this article is to highlight the features of constitutional development in Poland and Finland. The state policy was aimed at the gradual integration of Poland and Finland into national processes. In fact, the Russian Empire recognized the effect of existing norms. The existence of regional constitutions and its own system of government contributed to the development of autonomous territories. The privileges of the population of the new territories relieved political tension. Constitutional norms of regional acts and management experience were used in carrying out state reforms.

MOSCOW — HARBIN: THE LIFE ODYSSEY OF THE WHITE EMIGRANT NIKOLAI GALKIN (1895–1940)

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-55
Author(s):  
L.A. Bodrova ◽  
◽  
D.I. Petin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Far East ◽  
First World War ◽  
The State ◽  
State Archive ◽  
World War ◽  
Historical Archive ◽  
Russian State ◽  
The First World War ◽  
First World

This publication is an analytical review of the ambiguous and complex fate of Nikolai Gavriilovich Galkin, the son of a hereditary nobleman who became a career army officer who took an active part in the First World War and the Civil War, who consistently served in the Russian (imperial) army, and then anti-Bolshevik armed formations in the Russian Far East. The second half of the life of the captain N. G. Galkin was associated with living in China, where the hero of the publication emigrated for political and personal reasons. The aim of our research is to represent, in the context of military anthropology, the forms of adaptation of the «little man» to the conditions of social cataclysms. The methodological concept of the study, based on its genre characteristics, is based on the combined use of the anthropological approach, the theory of social mobility and the biographical method. The basis for the preparation of the article was a complex of previously unpublished sources from the funds of the State Archive of the Russian Federation, the Russian State Historical Archive, the Russian State Military Historical Archive, the Russian State Historical Archive of the Far East, the State Archive of the Republic of Tatarstan, the State Archive of the Khabarovsk Territory, the archive of the Federal Security Service of Russia in the Novosibirsk Region. Some of these sources were previously in secret storage. Photos and oral history (family information about the hero of the article) have an auxiliary role in the study. In conclusion, the authors emphasize that a conservative upbringing and worldview would not have allowed N.G. Galkin, who had persistent anti-Bolshevik convictions, to find himself in the conditions of Soviet society, and therefore, being in exile was for him the only way out in the conditions of the end of the Civil War and defeat anti- Soviet forces. The work is addressed to a wide range of readers, including specialists in the history of the Russian (imperial) army, the First World War and the Civil War, the White movement, the Harbin emigration, mass political repressions in the USSR in the post-war period.

scholarly journals ALEXANDER GOLITSYN 'S ACTIVITIES BASED ON MATERISALS OF RUSSIAN STATE HISTORICAL ARCHIVES

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (07) ◽  
pp. 07-15
Author(s):  
A.V. Ashikhmin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Education ◽  
General Description ◽  
Russian Scientific ◽  
Historical Archive ◽  
Russian State ◽  
History Approach ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Chief Prosecutor ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article examines some little-studied documents devoted to the state activities of the prince, the chief prosecutor of the Holy Synod, the minister of public education and spiritual affairs, the chief of the postal department A.N. Golitsyn (1773-1844). A brief historiographic review is given in connection with the examination of documentary materials of the Russian State Historical Archive, which are related to the administrative-charitable, administrative-religious and state aspects of A.N. Golitsyn’s activities. The prince was one of the most famous and controversial statesmen of the Russian Empire in the first half of the 19th century, which means that it is important to update his documentary heritage. The figure of A.N. Golitsyn, who have already gained popularity in Russian fiction in the second half of XIX century, is still being actively studied by Russian and foreign scholars both in the traditional «source-studying» context and the «new imperial history» approach. Since the documentary basis, related to the activities of the prince, is stored in various Russian scientific and archival institutions, the article attempts to give a general description of some documents from the founds of the Russian State Historical Archive, revealing the significance of A.N. Golitsyn outside his activities as the chief of the postal department, Chief Prosecutor of the Holy Synod and Minister of Public Education.

scholarly journals Traditional Russian Family as a Basis for Sustainable Development of the State and Society

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-175
Author(s):  
Aleksander M. Egorychev ◽  
Lev V. Mardakhaev ◽  
Anna G. Akhtyan ◽  
Yanina V. Shimanovskaya ◽  
Rustam A. Archakov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
The State ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
High Status ◽  
Difficult Situation ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Russian State ◽  
State And Society ◽  
Basic Institution ◽  
Goals And Objectives

Abstract The relevance of the problem under examination is stemming from the present difficult situation with the basic institution of the Russian society, i.e. the Russian family. Modern researchers explore the issues related to the present and future of the Russian family institution as a basis for sustainable development of the state and society. They analyze the condition of the present-day Russian family and reveal the reasons of its crisis. The authors of this research firmly uphold the position that only revival of traditional meanings and values of the Russian family will allow to keep its high status in the society and to foster sustainable development of the Russian state and society. This research is aimed at identifying and validating the factors and conditions that contribute to the revival of the traditional foundations of the Russian family, and to the sustainable development of the Russian state and society as a whole. The main approaches to the study of this problem were culturological and socio-historical, which allow to solve the pursued goals and objectives. The paper presents the analysis of the current socio-political situation in Russia, identifies and validates the main aspects and causes of the existing harsh reality of the Russian institution of family, discloses and identifies factors and conditions essential for sustainable development of the country. The materials of this research have practical value for researchers and specialists dealing with problems of the Russian family and challenges of sustainable development of the Russian society.

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