scholarly journals Impacto potencial de la taltuza (Orthogeomys sp.) en el cultivo del pejibaye (Bactris gasipaes) en Costa Rica.

2006 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
Javier Monge
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
The Other ◽  
Bactris Gasipaes ◽  
Pocket Gopher ◽  
Peach Palm ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
The One

The taltuzas (pocket gopher) (Orthogeomys sp.) are rodents that  plague several crops from USA to Panama. Peach palm (Bactris gasipaes) is a crop in expansion that overlaps in its geographical distribution with the one of Pocket gopher. Three patterns were found by superposing the distribution maps of rodents and palms. In one pattern only one organism was present but not the other whereas in two patterns rodents and palms were coincident. Since peach palm is attacked by the taltuzas, some considerations were discussed for each pattern in relation to future expansion of this crop.

Insanity is Decreasing: a Statistical Item Suggesting that

1896 ◽  
Vol 42 (176) ◽  
pp. 80-85
Author(s):  
T. A. Chapman
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
The Other ◽  
Annual Production ◽  
Acute Mania ◽  
Natural Order ◽  
General Paralysis ◽  
Definite Form ◽  
Degenerative Disorders ◽  
Urban Character ◽  
The One

It has always appeared to me that the various figures that are supposed to indicate an increase of insanity are not only inconclusive, but do not really show anything of the sort, and that there are even some vague and indefinite indications that there is really a decrease in the annual production of insanity. Some years ago I tried to find some figures amongst the various statistics we possess that would throw some light on this point, but practically without success. It seemed that such increase in the annual admissions to asylums as was beyond that due to increase of population was more than accounted for by slighter (i.e., less demonstrative) cases of acute insanity and various forms of chronic, senile, and degenerative disorders being yearly sent to asylums more freely, but I could get no figures proving this. A somewhat suggestive fact in this direction is the often-made remark that acute mania is less abundant, melancholia more so than formerly; acute mania of an active (i.e., demonstrative) type was always sent to asylums pretty well up to its actual amount. Melancholia used to be very largely left at home or treated in workhouses. But where shall we find such facts embodied in figures. Acute mania of our statistics includes the milder as well as the more demonstrative cases, and so shows an increase just as the total figures do. There are, then, so far as I know, no figures showing the real annual occurrence of insanity that are comparable year by year. There are, indeed, no figures that give the actual annual production of insanity apart from chronic and recurrent cases. There are no figures of any definite form and intensity of acute insanity. True the Commissioners' Reports give us statistics of general paralysis, but this is precisely the one form of acute insanity that is not an insanity; that is, it belongs to a different natural order of diseases from the other diseases we mean by insanity. I have elsewhere stated that this always appears clearly on a comparison of the statistics of general paralysis with those of insanity proper, and the same opinion has been expressed by authorities who have approached the matter from a pathological and therapeutical standpoint. Its remarkable geographical distribution and its specially urban character equally show it to be different from the other insanities, which have no similar features. That this disease is increasing owing to the more and more urban character of our population affords no ground for assuming a similar progress in the true insanities. The annual recoveries must, however, be largely dependent on, and proportional to, the annually occurring cases, but will, of course, so regarded, be vitiated by the increase of population and by the increased admissions of milder forms of insanity and by the recoveries of recurrent cases.

Taxonomy of Central American water beetles in the genus Hydrochus Leach, 1817 (Coleoptera: Hydrochidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4974 (3) ◽  
pp. 459-503
Author(s):  
PHILIP D. PERKINS
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Male Genitalia ◽  
Central American ◽  
Water Beetles ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
New Synonym ◽  
High Resolution Images

The taxonomy of Central American water beetles in the genus Hydrochus Leach, 1817 is presented, including the Mexican fauna. The known fauna now consists of 26 species, nine of which are described as new species. The new species are diagnosed, and high-resolution images of the habitus and male genitalia of each species, and detailed descriptions of the male genitalia are given. Geographical distribution maps are given for all species. The following new species are described: H. aeruginosus n. sp. (Mexico), H. argutoides n. sp. (Costa Rica), H. biexcavatus n. sp. (Belize, Costa Rica, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua), H. laevigatus n. sp. (Mexico), H. lubricus n. sp. (Mexico), H. mesoamericanus n. sp. (Belize, Mexico), H. nayaritensis n. sp. (Mexico), H. panamensis n. sp. (Panama), and H. perpunctatus n. sp. (Mexico), Images of the habitus and male genitalia, and detailed descriptions of the male genitalia are also provided for the following previously described species: H. beeneni Makhan 1992, H. bernardi Makhan 1994, H. brianbrowni Makhan 2005, H. elineae Makhan 1994, H. foveatus Haldeman 1852, H. vagus LeConte 1852, H. vanvondeli Makhan 1994, and H. variolatus LeConte 1852. New locality data are provided for 17 species: H. beeneni Makhan 1992, H. bernardi Makhan 1994, H. brianbrowni Makhan 2005, H. debilis Sharp 1882, H. directus Perkins 2020, H. elineae Makhan 1994, H. foveatus Haldeman 1852, H. leei Perkins 2019, H. obscurus Sharp 1882, H. pertuberculatus Perkins 2020, H. piroei Makhan 1992, H. sagittarius Perkins 2019c, H. soekhnandanae Makhan 1992, H. steineri Perkins 2020, H. vagus LeConte 1852, H. vanvondeli Makhan 1994, and H. variolatus LeConte 1852. Lectotypes are designated for H. vagus LeConte 1852. H. otvosi Makhan 1993 is a new synonym of H. variolatus LeConte 1852. 

THE LEPIDOPTERA OF THE NORTH SHORE OF THE GULF OF ST. LAWRENCE

1930 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 107-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. McDunnough
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
The Other ◽  
North Shore ◽  
The North ◽  
The One

The following list is compiled from specimens collected by Mr. W. J. Brown in 1929; it should prove of interest to students of geographical distribution, containing, as it does, large elements of the Labrador fauna on the one hand and typical members of the Canadian and Hudsonian zones on the other. As far as I know Wm. Couper has been the only one who has published on the Lepidoptera of this region (Can. Ent., I, 67; IV, 201; VI, 33 et seq.) and his work has been confined largely to diurnals.

scholarly journals Physicochemical and antioxidant composition of fresh peach palm (Bactris gasipaes Kunth) fruits in Costa Rica

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Rojas-Garbanzo ◽  
Ana Mercedes Pérez ◽  
Fabrice Vaillant ◽  
María Lourdes Pineda-Castro
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Bactris Gasipaes ◽  
Palm Fruit ◽  
Peach Palm ◽  
Total Carotenoid Content ◽  
Significant Difference

Summary The variability of the physicochemical composition, carotenoid and polyphenol contents and hydrophilic antioxidant capacity of fresh peach palm (Bactris gasipaes) fruit was studied with a view to its exploitation as a potential source of bioactive compounds. The variability present in five batches of peach palm fruit obtained from two regions in Costa Rica: Tucurrique (T) and Pérez Zeledón (PZ), was studied. Significant differences were found for fruit weight, length and width amongst the batches studied. The moisture, fat and protein contents of the Tucurrique fruit were significantly lower than those from Pérez Zeledón. No significant difference in starch content was found between any of the batches of peach palm fruit studied. In terms of antioxidant compounds, the total carotenoid content ranged between 109 and 202 µg β-carotene equivalents/g dry weight (dw), while the total polyphenol content varied from 54 to 106 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE) /100 g (dw). Both these components presented variability amongst the five batches. The antioxidant capacity was determined by the ORAC method and only the PZ 3 sample presented significant differences from the other four batches. The average hydrophilic antioxidant capacity was 37 ± 7 µmol of Trolox equivalents (TE)/g (dw). Overall, the peach palm fruit showed potential to be used in the development of functional foods since the variability of the raw peach-palm fruit, determined by applying a principal component analysis, showed that some characteristics of this fruit were not affected by harvest time and showed no differences between the batches from the two areas.

Foliage Residue Decomposition and Nutrient Release in Peach Palm (Bactris gasipaes Kunth) Plantations for Heart-of-Palm Production in Costa Rica

2005 ◽  
Vol 97 (5) ◽  
pp. 1396-1402 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Soto ◽  
P. Luna-Orea ◽  
M. G. Wagger ◽  
T. J. Smyth ◽  
A. Alvarado
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Nutrient Release ◽  
Bactris Gasipaes ◽  
Peach Palm ◽  
Residue Decomposition

scholarly journals Agentes protectores contra hongos asociados a la semilla de pejibaye (Bactris gasipaes Kunth).

2006 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 127
Author(s):  
Carlos Arroyo ◽  
Jorge Mora ◽  
Edgar Vargas ◽  
Javier Gainza
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
The Other ◽  
Bactris Gasipaes ◽  
Peach Palm ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Germination Process

Non traditional alternatives for fungi control were tried on peach palm seed germination process. Two substances - kerosene and gasoline - were found as effective as traditional fungicide treatments triadime- fon and carboxin+benomyl. This is due to their fungicide action and posterior evaporation, not interfering with respiration as is the case with dieses oil. It was found that the hydrogen peroxide accelerates the germination process, but it is not an effective fungicide. On the other hand, kilol seem to be a promising fungicide in this respect if used at a concentration higher than 10 cc/l of water.

Textkritischer Kommentar zu ausgewählten Stellen des Lukas- und des Johannesevangeliums

2009 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-77
Author(s):  
Ulrich Victor
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
The Other ◽  
Textual Tradition ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Textual Critic

AbstractBecause of the completely contaminated textual tradition of the NT, it is essential that the textual critic as a rule confines himself to the instruments of philology and exegesis, the so-called internal criteria. The customary evaluation of manuscripts and manuscript groups according to their assumed quality and value within the tradition or according to their geographical distribution on the one hand ignores the reality of the transmission, and is on the other hand not a rationally defensible procedure. In this contribution I will demonstrate the arbitrary nature of the customary approach, while showing at the same time the gains to be made for the text by applying internal criteria.

Allometric relationships in Bactris gasipaes for heart-of-palm production agroecosystems in Costa Rica

2002 ◽  
Vol 138 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. ARES ◽  
J. P. QUESADA ◽  
J. BONICHE ◽  
R. S. YOST ◽  
E. MOLINA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Seemingly Unrelated Regression ◽  
Sustainable Land Use ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Bactris Gasipaes ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Nutrient Pools ◽  
Basal Diameter ◽  
Peach Palm ◽  
Ground Biomass

Peach palm (Bactris gasipaes Kunth) agroecosystems for hearts-of-palm constitute a productive and sustainable land use for the humid tropics. Allometric models allow to predict biomass non-destructively at any time, and subsequently, to determine the span of growth phases, biomass and nutrient pools, and economic yields. The overall goals of this study were to obtain and validate predictive functions of above-ground dry biomass of peach palm shoots, and to relate standing biomass with heart-of-palm yields as well. Towards this purpose, peach palm shoots were harvested and separated into components (foliage, petiole and stem) in the Atlantic region of Costa Rica. Basal diameter (BD) was a more effective predictor of biomass than height to the fork between the spear leaf and the first fully expanded leaf, total height and number of leaves. Regression models explained 70–89% of the variance in component (foliage, petiole and stem) or total shoot biomass. Nonlinear regression, which independently calculates equation coefficients for biomass components and total shoot biomass, was compared with a nonlinear seemingly unrelated regression (NSUR) procedure, which simultaneously fits the component equations that predict leaf, petiole and stem in order to assure biomass additivity. Equation coefficients for NSUR fitted-regressions that also model unequal variances, were substantially different from those for individual regressions; e.g. Biomassleaf = 11·4739 BD1·8042, Residual mean square (RMS) = 69·9 for the individual equation, versus Biomassleaf = 6·841 BD2·086, RMS = 72·4 for the NSUR fitted-equation. NSUR equations had slightly less precision in estimating biomass than individual equations but consistently less bias. In separate harvests of peach palm plants within four stands ranging in age from 1·9 to 21 years, estimates of component and total above-ground shoot biomass were similar to observed values except for the youngest stand in which biomass was overestimated. In another harvest, yield of heart-of-palm per plant was linearly related to total above-ground biomass in two peach palm stands of age 5 and 9 years. The non-destructive estimation of above-ground biomass from easily measured plant dimensions will permit any-time, less expensive and reasonable precise biomass estimates in peach palm. Biomass data can be incorporated to decision support aids for nutrient management in heart-of-palm agroecosystems and serve other purposes such as for carbon sequestration calculations.

Analyse de la repartition géographique des Malphigiaceae d’apres les caractêres du pollen et de la pollinisation

Bothalia ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 14 (3/4) ◽  
pp. 871-881 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Lobreau-Callen
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
The Other ◽  
Old World ◽  
Pollen Characters ◽  
The Family ◽  
Pollinating Insects ◽  
The One

ANALYSIS OF THE GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF MALPHIGIACEAE USING POLLEN ANDPOLLINATION CHARACTERS A comparative study o f pollen and pollination in the family Malphigiaceae shows that the genera o f the Old World are derived from those in South America. They have existed on the continents involved since the Cretaceous. In South America there is coadaptation oetween the pollen characters and the pollinating insects present only on this continent and subsequently diversified after the enlargement o f the Atlantic in the Tertiary. Pollen characters o f the Malphigiaceae show affinities with those o f other families o f the Polygalales. Palynologically, Malphigiaceae approaches Euphorbiaceae on the one hand, and Leguminosae and Rutales-Sapindales on the other.

scholarly journals Use of AFLPS to distinguish landraces of pejibaye (Bactris gasipaes) in brazilian Amazonia

2002 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 743-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles R. Clement ◽  
Nelcimar Reis Sousa ◽  
Doriane Picanço Rodrigues ◽  
Spártaco Astolfi-Filho ◽  
Yolanda Núñez Moreno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphometric Analysis ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Bactris Gasipaes ◽  
Germplasm Bank ◽  
Peach Palm ◽  
Brazilian Amazonia ◽  
Central Amazonia ◽  
Solimões River

Although the first inhabitants of western Amazonia domesticated pejibaye (Bactris gasipaes Kunth, Palmae) or peach palm for its fruits, today it is widely planted for its heart-of-palm. Like other domesticates, pejibaye presents a complex hierarchy of landraces developed before the conquest of the Americas. The existence of three landraces (Pará, Solimões, Putumayo) was proposed along the Amazonas and Solimões Rivers, Brazil, based on morphological characteristics. There are some questions remaining about the intermediate landrace being an artifact of the morphometric analysis. AFLPs were used to evaluate the relationships among samples of these putative landraces. DNA was extracted from 99 plants representing 13 populations maintained in the Pejibaye Germplasm Bank, Manaus, AM; six primer combinations generated 245 markers via PCR, which were scored in an ABI Prism 310 sequencer and analyzed with GeneScan Software; Jaccard similarities were estimated and a dendrogram was generated with UPGMA. Two groups of plants were observed in the dendrogram instead of three, and were similar at 0.795. Each group contained two subgroups, similar at 0.815. One group (n=41) contained 73% Pará landrace plants, with one subgroup (n=22) containing 91% Pará, and the other (n=19) containing 53% Pará. The other group (n=58) contained 53% Solimões and 40% Putumayo landrace plants, with one subgroup (n=21) containing 52% Solimões and 43% Putumayo, and the other (n=35) containing 57% Solimões and 37% Putumayo. The first group confirmed the Pará landrace. The second group suggested that the Solimões landrace does not exist, but that the Putumayo landrace extends along the Solimões River to Central Amazonia.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document